@article{SchleussnerFeulner2013,
  author    = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Feulner, G.},
  title     = {A volcanically triggered regime shift in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean as a possible origin of the Little Ice Age},
  series = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1814-9324},
  doi       = {10.5194/cp-9-1321-2013},
  pages     = {1321 -- 1330},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Among the climatological events of the last millennium, the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Climate Anomaly succeeded by the Little Ice Age are of exceptional importance. The origin of these regional climate anomalies remains a subject of debate and besides external influences like solar and volcanic activity, internal dynamics of the climate system might have also played a dominant role. Here, we present transient last millennium simulations of the fully coupled model of intermediate complexity Climber 3a forced with stochastically reconstructed wind-stress fields. Our results indicate that short-lived volcanic eruptions might have triggered a cascade of sea ice ocean feedbacks in the North Atlantic, ultimately leading to a persistent regime shift in the ocean circulation. We find that an increase in the Nordic Sea sea-ice extent on decadal timescales as a consequence of major volcanic eruptions in our model leads to a spin-up of the subpolar gyre and a weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, eventually causing a persistent, basin-wide cooling. These results highlight the importance of regional climate feedbacks such as a regime shift in the subpolar gyre circulation for understanding the dynamics of past and future climate.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schleussner2013,
  author    = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich},
  title     = {Variability and trend of the North Atlantic ocean circulation in past and future climate},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  pages     = {127 S.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MengelLevermannSchleussneretal.2012,
  author    = {Mengel, Matthias and Levermann, Anders and Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Born, Andreas},
  title     = {Enhanced Atlantic subpolar gyre variability through baroclinic threshold in a coarse resolution model},
  series = {Earth system dynamics},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Earth system dynamics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2190-4979},
  doi       = {10.5194/esd-3-189-2012},
  pages     = {189 -- 197},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Direct observations, satellite measurements and paleo records reveal strong variability in the Atlantic subpolar gyre on various time scales. Here we show that variations of comparable amplitude can only be simulated in a coupled climate model in the proximity of a dynamical threshold. The threshold and the associated dynamic response is due to a positive feedback involving increased salt transport in the subpolar gyre and enhanced deep convection in its centre. A series of sensitivity experiments is performed with a coarse resolution ocean general circulation model coupled to a statistical-dynamical atmosphere model which in itself does not produce atmospheric variability. To simulate the impact of atmospheric variability, the model system is perturbed with freshwater forcing of varying, but small amplitude and multi-decadal to centennial periodicities and observational variations in wind stress. While both freshwater and wind-stress-forcing have a small direct effect on the strength of the subpolar gyre, the magnitude of the gyre's response is strongly increased in the vicinity of the threshold. Our results indicate that baroclinic self-amplification in the North Atlantic ocean can play an important role in presently observed SPG variability and thereby North Atlantic climate variability on multi-decadal scales.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchleussnerRungeLehmannetal.2014,
  author    = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Runge, Jakob and Lehmann, Jasvcha and Levermann, Anders},
  title     = {The role of the North Atlantic overturning and deep ocean for multi-decadal global-mean-temperature variability},
  series = {Earth system dynamics},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Earth system dynamics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2190-4979},
  doi       = {10.5194/esd-5-103-2014},
  pages     = {103 -- 115},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchleussnerDongesEngemannetal.2016,
  author    = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Donges, Jonathan Friedemann and Engemann, Denis A. and Levermann, Anders},
  title     = {Clustered marginalization of minorities during social transitions induced by co-evolution of behaviour and network structure},
  series = {Scientific reports},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Scientific reports},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep30790},
  pages     = {3407 -- 3417},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Large-scale transitions in societies are associated with both individual behavioural change and restructuring of the social network. These two factors have often been considered independently, yet recent advances in social network research challenge this view. Here we show that common features of societal marginalization and clustering emerge naturally during transitions in a co-evolutionary adaptive network model. This is achieved by explicitly considering the interplay between individual interaction and a dynamic network structure in behavioural selection. We exemplify this mechanism by simulating how smoking behaviour and the network structure get reconfigured by changing social norms. Our results are consistent with empirical findings: The prevalence of smoking was reduced, remaining smokers were preferentially connected among each other and formed increasingly marginalized clusters. We propose that self-amplifying feedbacks between individual behaviour and dynamic restructuring of the network are main drivers of the transition. This generative mechanism for co-evolution of individual behaviour and social network structure may apply to a wide range of examples beyond smoking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchleussnerRogeljSchaefferetal.2016,
  author    = {Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich and Rogelj, Joeri and Schaeffer, Michiel and Lissner, Tabea and Licker, Rachel and Fischer, Erich M. and Knutti, Reto and Levermann, Anders and Frieler, Katja and Hare, William},
  title     = {Science and policy characteristics of the Paris Agreement temperature goal},
  series = {Nature climate change},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Nature climate change},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1758-678X},
  doi       = {10.1038/NCLIMATE3096},
  pages     = {827 -- 835},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}