@article{WarringtonBeaumontHorikoshietal.2019,
  author    = {Warrington, Nicole and Beaumont, Robin and Horikoshi, Momoko and Day, Felix R. and Helgeland, {\O}yvind and Laurin, Charles and Bacelis, Jonas and Peng, Shouneng and Hao, Ke and Feenstra, Bjarke and Wood, Andrew R. and Mahajan, Anubha and Tyrrell, Jessica and Robertson, Neil R. and Rayner, N. William and Qiao, Zhen and Moen, Gunn-Helen and Vaudel, Marc and Marsit, Carmen and Chen, Jia and Nodzenski, Michael and Schnurr, Theresia M. and Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Grarup, Niels and Kooijman, Marjolein N. and Li-Gao, Ruifang and Geller, Frank and Ahluwalia, Tarunveer Singh and Paternoster, Lavinia and Rueedi, Rico and Huikari, Ville and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Lyytik{\"a}inen, Leo-Pekka and Cavadino, Alana and Metrustry, Sarah and Cousminer, Diana L. and Wu, Ying and Thiering, Elisabeth Paula and Wang, Carol A. and Have, Christian Theil and Vilor-Tejedor, Natalia and Joshi, Peter K. and Painter, Jodie N. and Ntalla, Ioanna and Myhre, Ronny and Pitk{\"a}nen, Niina and van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. and Joro, Raimo and Lagou, Vasiliki and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Espinosa, Ana and Barton, Sheila J. and Inskip, Hazel M. and Holloway, John W. and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Estivill, Xavier and Ang, Wei and Marsh, Julie A. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Marullo, Letizia and Hocher, Berthold and Lunetta, Kathryn L. and Murabito, Joanne M. and Relton, Caroline L. and Kogevinas, Manolis and Chatzi, Leda and Allard, Catherine and Bouchard, Luigi and Hivert, Marie-France and Zhang, Ge and Muglia, Louis J. and Heikkinen, Jani and Morgen, Camilla S. and van Kampen, Antoine H. C. and van Schaik, Barbera D. C. and Mentch, Frank D. and Langenberg, Claudia and Scott, Robert A. and Zhao, Jing Hua and Hemani, Gibran and Ring, Susan M. and Bennett, Amanda J. and Gaulton, Kyle J. and Fernandez-Tajes, Juan and van Zuydam, Natalie R. and Medina-Gomez, Carolina and de Haan, Hugoline G. and Rosendaal, Frits R. and Kutalik, Zolt{\´a}n and Marques-Vidal, Pedro and Das, Shikta and Willemsen, Gonneke and Mbarek, Hamdi and M{\"u}ller-Nurasyid, Martina and Standl, Marie and Appel, Emil V. R. and Fonvig, Cilius Esmann and Trier, Caecilie and van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M. and Murcia, Mario and Bustamante, Mariona and Bon{\`a}s-Guarch, S{\´i}lvia and Hougaard, David M. and Mercader, Josep M. and Linneberg, Allan and Schraut, Katharina E. and Lind, Penelope A. and Medland, Sarah Elizabeth and Shields, Beverley M. and Knight, Bridget A. and Chai, Jin-Fang and Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope and Bartels, Meike and S{\´a}nchez, Friman and Stokholm, Jakob and Torrents, David and Vinding, Rebecca K. and Willems, Sara M. and Atalay, Mustafa and Chawes, Bo L. and Kovacs, Peter and Prokopenko, Inga and Tuke, Marcus A. and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Ruth, Katherine S. and Jones, Samuel E. and Loh, Po-Ru and Murray, Anna and Weedon, Michael N. and T{\"o}njes, Anke and Stumvoll, Michael and Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer and Eloranta, Aino-Maija and Lakka, Timo A. and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Kiess, Wieland and Koerner, Antje and Niinikoski, Harri and Pahkala, Katja and Raitakari, Olli T. and Jacobsson, Bo and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Dedoussis, George V. and Teo, Yik-Ying and Saw, Seang-Mei and Montgomery, Grant W. and Campbell, Harry and Wilson, James F. and Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M. and Vrijheid, Martine and de Geus, Eco J. C. N. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Kadarmideen, Haja N. and Holm, Jens-Christian and Beilin, Lawrence J. and Pennell, Craig E. and Heinrich, Joachim and Adair, Linda S. and Borja, Judith B. and Mohlke, Karen L. and Eriksson, Johan G. and Widen, Elisabeth E. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Spector, Tim D. and Kaehoenen, Mika and Viikari, Jorma S. and Lehtimaeki, Terho and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Sebert, Sylvain and Vollenweider, Peter and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Bisgaard, Hans and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Melbye, Mads and Nohr, Ellen A. and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Hofman, Albert and Felix, Janine F. and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Hansen, Torben and Pisinger, Charlotta and Vaag, Allan A. and Pedersen, Oluf and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Power, Christine and Hypponen, Elina and Scholtens, Denise M. and Lowe, William L. and Smith, George Davey and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Morris, Andrew P. and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Grant, Struan F. A. and Frayling, Timothy M. and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Njolstad, Pal R. and Johansson, Stefan and Ong, Ken K. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Perry, John R. B. and Evans, David M. and Freathy, Rachel M.},
  title     = {Maternal and fetal genetic effects on birth weight and their relevance to cardio-metabolic risk factors},
  series = {Nature genetics},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {Nature genetics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  organization    = {EGG Consortium},
  issn      = {1061-4036},
  pages     = {804 -- +},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Birth weight variation is influenced by fetal and maternal genetic and non-genetic factors, and has been reproducibly associated with future cardio-metabolic health outcomes. In expanded genome-wide association analyses of own birth weight (n = 321,223) and offspring birth weight (n = 230,069 mothers), we identified 190 independent association signals (129 of which are novel). We used structural equation modeling to decompose the contributions of direct fetal and indirect maternal genetic effects, then applied Mendelian randomization to illuminate causal pathways. For example, both indirect maternal and direct fetal genetic effects drive the observational relationship between lower birth weight and higher later blood pressure: maternal blood pressure-raising alleles reduce offspring birth weight, but only direct fetal effects of these alleles, once inherited, increase later offspring blood pressure. Using maternal birth weight-lowering genotypes to proxy for an adverse intrauterine environment provided no evidence that it causally raises offspring blood pressure, indicating that the inverse birth weight-blood pressure association is attributable to genetic effects, and not to intrauterine programming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeaumontWarringtonCavadinoetal.2018,
  author    = {Beaumont, Robin N. and Warrington, Nicole M. and Cavadino, Alana and Tyrrell, Jessica and Nodzenski, Michael and Horikoshi, Momoko and Geller, Frank and Myhre, Ronny and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Paternoster, Lavinia and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Kreiner-Moller, Eskil and Huikari, Ville and Metrustry, Sarah and Lunetta, Kathryn L. and Painter, Jodie N. and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Allard, Catherine and Barton, Sheila J. and Espinosa, Ana and Marsh, Julie A. and Potter, Catherine and Zhang, Ge and Ang, Wei and Berry, Diane J. and Bouchard, Luigi and Das, Shikta and Hakonarson, Hakon and Heikkinen, Jani and Helgeland, Oyvind and Hocher, Berthold and Hofman, Albert and Inskip, Hazel M. and Jones, Samuel E. and Kogevinas, Manolis and Lind, Penelope A. and Marullo, Letizia and Medland, Sarah E. and Murray, Anna and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Njolstad, Pal R. and Nohr, Ellen A. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Ring, Susan M. and Ruth, Katherine S. and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Scholtens, Denise M. and Sebert, Sylvain and Sengpiel, Verena and Tuke, Marcus A. and Vaudel, Marc and Weedon, Michael N. and Willemsen, Gonneke and Wood, Andrew R. and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Muglia, Louis J. and Bartels, Meike and Relton, Caroline L. and Pennell, Craig E. and Chatzi, Leda and Estivill, Xavier and Holloway, John W. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Montgomery, Grant W. and Murabito, Joanne M. and Spector, Tim D. and Power, Christine and Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta and Bisgaard, Hans and Grant, Struan F. A. and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Jaddoe, Vincent W. and Jacobsson, Bo and Melbye, Mads and McCarthy, Mark I. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Frayling, Timothy M. and Hivert, Marie-France and Felix, Janine F. and Hypponen, Elina and Lowe, William L. and Evans, David M. and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Freathy, Rachel M.},
  title     = {Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics},
  series = {Human molecular genetics},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Human molecular genetics},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  organization    = {Early Growth Genetics EGG},
  issn      = {0964-6906},
  doi       = {10.1093/hmg/ddx429},
  pages     = {742 -- 756},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P< 5 x 10(-8). In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ReichetzederHocher2017,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {DPP4 inhibition prevents AKI},
  series = {Oncotarget},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Oncotarget},
  publisher = {Impact Journals LLC},
  address   = {Orchard Park},
  issn      = {1949-2553},
  doi       = {10.18632/oncotarget.20212},
  pages     = {64655 -- 64656},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{dePinhoTavaresLealdaSilvaRochaGomesetal.2021,
  author    = {de Pinho Tavares Leal, Pedro Ernesto and da Silva, Alexandre Alves and Rocha-Gomes, Arthur and Riul, Tania Regina and Cunha, Rennan Augusto and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Villela, Daniel Campos},
  title     = {High-Salt Diet in the Pre- and Postweaning Periods Leads to Amygdala Oxidative Stress and Changes in Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Behaviors of Male Wistar Rats},
  series = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {1662-5153},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779080},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), control-HS (C-HS)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11), HS-C—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), and HS-HS—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vonWebskyHasanReichetzederetal.2018,
  author    = {von Websky, Karoline and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Impact of vitamin D on pregnancy-related disorders and on offspring outcome},
  series = {The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
  volume    = {180},
  journal   = {The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0960-0760},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.008},
  pages     = {51 -- 64},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Observational studies from all over the world continue to find high prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in many populations, including pregnant women. Beyond its classical function as a regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D elicits numerous effects in the human body. Current evidence highlights a vital role of vitamin D in mammalian gestation. During pregnancy, adaptations in maternal vitamin D metabolism lead to a physiologic increase of vitamin D levels, mainly because of an increased renal production, although other potential sources like the placenta are being discussed. A sufficient supply of mother and child with calcium and vitamin D during pregnancy ensures a healthy bone development of the fetus, whereas lack of either of these nutrients can lead to the development of rickets in the child. Moreover, vitamin D insufficiency during pregnancy has consistently been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes. In multitudinous studies, low maternal vitamin D status was associated with a higher risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and other gestational diseases. Likewise, several negative consequences for the fetus have been reported, including fetal growth restriction, increased risk of preterm birth and a changed susceptibility for later-life diseases. However, study results are diverging and causality has not been proven so far. Meta-analyses on the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes revealed a wide heterogeneity of studied populations and the applied methodology in vitamin D assessment. Until today, clinical guidelines for supplementation cannot be based on high-quality evidence and it is not clear if the required intake for pregnant women differs from non-pregnant women. Long-term safety data of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women has not been established and overdosing of vitamin D might have unfavorable effects, especially in mothers and newborns with mutations of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism. Reliable data from large observational and interventional randomized control trials are urgently needed as a basis for any detailed and safe recommendations for supplementation in the general population and, most importantly, in pregnant women. This is of utmost importance, as ensuring a sufficient vitamin D-supply of mother and child implies a great potential for the prevention of birth complications and development of diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiLuTsuprykovetal.2018,
  author    = {Li, Jian and Lu, Yong-Ping and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Tian, Mei and Zhang, Xiao Li and Zhang, Qin and Sun, Guo-Ying and Guo, Jingli and Gaballa, Mohamed Mahmoud Salem Ahmed and Peng, Xiao-Ning and Lin, Ge and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Folate treatment of pregnant rat dams abolishes metabolic effects in female offspring induced by a paternal pre-conception unhealthy diet},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00125-018-4635-x},
  pages     = {1862 -- 1876},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Aims/hypothesis Paternal high-fat diet prior to mating programmes impaired glucose tolerance in female offspring. We examined whether the metabolic consequences in offspring could be abolished by folate treatment of either the male rats before mating or the corresponding female rats during pregnancy. Methods Male F0 rats were fed either control diet or high-fat, high-sucrose and high-salt diet (HFSSD), with or without folate, before mating. Male rats were mated with control-diet-fed dams. After mating, the F0 dams were fed control diet with or without folate during pregnancy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HasanvonWebskyReichetzederetal.2019,
  author    = {Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and von Websky, Karoline and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Gaballa, Mohamed Mahmoud Salem Ahmed and Guo, Jingli and Zeng, Shufei and Delic, Denis and Tammen, Harald and Klein, Thomas and Kleuser, Burkhard and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor-independent renoprotective effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 inhibitor linagliptin in GLP-1 receptor knockout mice with 5/6 nephrectomy},
  series = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  volume    = {95},
  journal   = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0085-2538},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.010},
  pages     = {1373 -- 1388},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were reported to have beneficial effects in experimental models of chronic kidney disease. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. However, these effects could be mediated via the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) pathway. Here we investigated the renal effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in Glp1r-/- knock out and wild-type mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx). Mice were allocated to groups: sham + wild type + placebo; 5/6Nx+ wild type + placebo; 5/6Nx+ wild type + linagliptin; sham + knock out+ placebo; 5/6Nx + knock out+ placebo; 5/6Nx + knock out+ linagliptin. 5/6Nx caused the development of renal interstitial fibrosis, significantly increased plasma cystatin C and creatinine levels and suppressed renal gelatinase/collagenase, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -13 activities; effects counteracted by linagliptin treatment in wildtype and Glp1r-/- mice. Two hundred ninety-eight proteomics signals were differentially regulated in kidneys among the groups, with 150 signals specific to linagliptin treatment as shown by mass spectrometry. Treatment significantly upregulated three peptides derived from collagen alpha-1(I), thymosin beta 4 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Al (HNRNPA1) and significantly downregulated one peptide derived from Y box binding protein-1 (YB-1). The proteomics results were further confirmed using western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. Also, 5/6Nx led to significant up-regulation of renal transforming growth factor-beta 1 and pSMAD3 expression in wild type mice and linagliptin significantly counteracted this up-regulation in wild type and GIplr-/- mice. Thus, the renoprotective effects of linagliptin cannot solely be attributed to the GLP-1/GLP1R pathway, highlighting the importance of other signaling pathways (collagen I homeostasis, HNRNPA1,YB-1,thymosin beta 4 and TGF-beta 1) influenced by DPP-4 inhibition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{TianReichetzederLietal.2019,
  author    = {Tian, Mei and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Li, Jian and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Low birth weight, a risk factor for diseases in later life, is a surrogate of insulin resistance at birth},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000002156},
  pages     = {2123 -- 2134},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with diseases in adulthood. The birthweight attributed risk is independent of confounding such as gestational age, sex of the newborn but also social factors. The birthweight attributed risk for diseases in later life holds for the whole spectrum of birthweight. This raises the question what pathophysiological principle is actually behind the association. In this review, we provide evidence that LBW is a surrogate of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has been identified as a key factor leading to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease as well as kidney diseases. We first provide evidence linking LBW to insulin resistance during intrauterine life. This might be caused by both genetic (genetic variations of genes controlling glucose homeostasis) and/or environmental factors (due to alterations of macronutrition and micronutrition of the mother during pregnancy, but also effects of paternal nutrition prior to conception) leading via epigenetic modifications to early life insulin resistance and alterations of intrauterine growth, as insulin is a growth factor in early life. LBW is rather a surrogate of insulin resistance in early life - either due to inborn genetic or environmental reasons - rather than a player on its own.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LuReichetzederPrehnetal.2018,
  author    = {Lu, Yong-Ping and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Prehn, Cornelia and von Websky, Karoline and Slowinski, Torsten and Chen, You-Peng and Yin, Liang-Hong and Kleuser, Burkhard and Yang, Xue-Song and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Fetal serum metabolites are independently associated with Gestational diabetes mellitus},
  series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1015-8987},
  doi       = {10.1159/000487119},
  pages     = {625 -- 638},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Gestational diabetes (GDM) might be associated with alterations in the metabolomic profile of affected mothers and their offspring. Until now, there is a paucity of studies that investigated both, the maternal and the fetal serum metabolome in the setting of GDM. Mounting evidence suggests that the fetus is not just passively affected by gestational disease but might play an active role in it. Metabolomic studies performed in maternal blood and fetal cord blood could help to better discern distinct fetal from maternal disease interactions. Methods: At the time of birth, serum samples from mothers and newborns (cord blood samples) were collected and screened for 163 metabolites utilizing tandem mass spectrometry. The cohort consisted of 412 mother/child pairs, including 31 cases of maternal GDM. Results: An initial non-adjusted analysis showed that eight metabolites in the maternal blood and 54 metabolites in the cord blood were associated with GDM. After Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure and adjustment for confounding factors for GDM, fetal phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 32:1 and proline still showed an independent association with GDM. Conclusions: This study found metabolites in cord blood which were associated with GDM, even after adjustment for established risk factors of GDM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an independent association between fetal serum metabolites and maternal GDM. Our findings might suggest a potential effect of the fetal metabolome on maternal GDM. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichetzederHeunischvonEinemetal.2017,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Heunisch, Fabian and von Einem, Gina-Franziska and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Kellner, Karl-Heinz and Dschietzig, Thomas and Kretschmer, Axel and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Pre-interventional kynurenine predicts medium-term outcome after contrast media exposure due to coronary angiography},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bek{\"a}mpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bek{\"a}mpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000477222},
  pages     = {244 -- 256},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains a serious complication of contrast media enhanced procedures like coronary angiography. There is still a lack of established biomarkers that help to identify patients at high risk for short and long-term complications. The aim of the current study was to evaluate plasma kynurenine as a predictive biomarker for CI-AKI and long-term complications, measured by the combined endpoint "major adverse kidney events" (MAKE) up to 120 days after CM application. Methods: In this prospective cohort study 245 patients undergoing coronary angiography were analyzed. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 24h and 48h after contrast media (CM) application to diagnose CI-AKI. Patients were followed for 120 days for adverse clinical events including death, the need for dialysis, and a doubling of plasma creatinine. Occurrence of any of these events was summarized in the combined endpoint MAKE. Results: Preinterventional plasma kynurenine was not associated with CI-AKI. Patients who later developed MAKE displayed significantly increased preinterventional plasma kynurenine levels (p<0.0001). ROC analysis revealed that preinterventional kynurenine is highly predictive for MAKE (AUC=0.838; p<0.0001). The optimal cutoff was found at >= 3.5 mu mol/L. Using this cutoff, the Kaplan-Meier estimator demonstrated that concentrations of plasma kynurenine >= 3.5 mu mol/L were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of MAKE until follow up (p<0.0001). This association remained significant in multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for relevant factors of long-term renal outcome. Conclusion: Preinterventional plasma kynurenine might serve as a highly predictive biomarker for MAKE up to 120 days after coronary angiography.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PutraNeuberReichetzederetal.2014,
  author    = {Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi and Neuber, Corinna and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold and Kleuser, Burkhard},
  title     = {Analysis of genomic DNA methylation levels in human placenta using liquid Chromatography-Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry},
  series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1015-8987},
  doi       = {10.1159/000358666},
  pages     = {945 -- 952},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: DNA-methylation is a common epigenetic tool which plays a crucial role in gene regulation and is essential for cell differentiation and embryonic development. The placenta is an important organ where gene activity can be regulated by epigenetic DNA modifications, including DNA methylation. This is of interest as, the placenta is the interface between the fetus and its environment, the mother. Exposure to environmental toxins and nutrition during pregnancy may alter DNA methylation of the placenta and subsequently placental function and as a result the phenotype of the offspring. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable method to quantify DNA methylation in large clinical studies. This will be a tool to analyze the degree of DNA methylation in the human placenta in relationship to clinical readouts. Methods: Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/multi-stage mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) technique was used for the quantification of the 5dmC/dG ratio in placentas from 248 healthy pregnancies. We were able to demonstrate that this method is a reliable and stable way to determine global placental DNA methylation in large clinical trials. Results/Conclusion: The degree of placental DNA methylation seen in our pilot study varies substantially from 2\% to 5\%. The clinical implications of this variation need to be demonstrated in adequately powered large studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HocherReichetzederDwiPutraetal.2017,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Dwi Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko and Slowinski, Torsten and Neuber, Corinna and Kleuser, Burkhard and Pfab, Thiemo},
  title     = {Increased global placental DNA methylation levels are associated with gestational diabetes},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400914},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is known that GDM is associated with an altered placental function and changes in placental gene regulation. More recent studies demonstrated an involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. So far, the focus regarding placental epigenetic changes in GDM was set on gene-specific DNA methylation analyses. Studies that robustly investigated placental global DNA methylation are lacking. However, several studies showed that tissue-specific alterations in global DNA methylation are independently associated with type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation by robustly measuring placental DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) content and to examine whether differences in placental global DNA methylation are associated with GDM. Methods: Global DNA methylation was quantified by the current gold standard method, LC-MS/MS. In total, 1030 placental samples were analyzed in this single-center birth cohort study. Results: Mothers with GDM displayed a significantly increased global placental DNA methylation (3.22 ± 0.63 vs. 3.00 ± 0.46 \%; p = 0.013; ±SD). Bivariate logistic regression showed a highly significant positive correlation between global placental DNA methylation and the presence of GDM (p = 0.0009). Quintile stratification according to placental DNA 5mC levels revealed that the frequency of GDM was evenly distributed in quintiles 1-4 (2.9-5.3 \%), whereas the frequency in the fifth quintile was significantly higher (10.7 \%; p = 0.003). Bivariate logistic models adjusted for maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, recurrent miscarriages, and familiar diabetes predisposition clearly demonstrated an independent association between global placental DNA hypermethylation and GDM. Furthermore, an ANCOVA model considering known predictors of DNA methylation substantiated an independent association between GDM and placental DNA methylation. Conclusions: This is the first study that employed a robust quantitative assessment of placental global DNA methylation in over a thousand placental samples. The study provides large scale evidence that placental global DNA hypermethylation is associated with GDM, independent of established risk factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichetzederPutraPfabetal.2016,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Putra, S. E. Dwi and Pfab, T. and Slowinski, T. and Neuber, Corinna and Kleuser, Burkhard and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Increased global placental DNA methylation levels are associated with gestational diabetes},
  series = {Clinical epigenetics},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Clinical epigenetics},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1868-7083},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13148-016-0247-9},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is known that GDM is associated with an altered placental function and changes in placental gene regulation. More recent studies demonstrated an involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. So far, the focus regarding placental epigenetic changes in GDM was set on gene-specific DNA methylation analyses. Studies that robustly investigated placental global DNA methylation are lacking. However, several studies showed that tissue-specific alterations in global DNA methylation are independently associated with type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation by robustly measuring placental DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) content and to examine whether differences in placental global DNA methylation are associated with GDM. Methods: Global DNA methylation was quantified by the current gold standard method, LC-MS/MS. In total, 1030 placental samples were analyzed in this single-center birth cohort study. Results: Mothers with GDM displayed a significantly increased global placental DNA methylation (3.22 +/- 0.63 vs. 3.00 +/- 0.46 \%; p = 0.013; +/- SD). Bivariate logistic regression showed a highly significant positive correlation between global placental DNA methylation and the presence of GDM (p = 0.0009). Quintile stratification according to placental DNA 5mC levels revealed that the frequency of GDM was evenly distributed in quintiles 1-4 (2.9-5.3 \%), whereas the frequency in the fifth quintile was significantly higher (10.7 \%; p = 0.003). Bivariate logistic models adjusted for maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, recurrent miscarriages, and familiar diabetes predisposition clearly demonstrated an independent association between global placental DNA hypermethylation and GDM. Furthermore, an ANCOVA model considering known predictors of DNA methylation substantiated an independent association between GDM and placental DNA methylation. Conclusions: This is the first study that employed a robust quantitative assessment of placental global DNA methylation in over a thousand placental samples. The study provides large scale evidence that placental global DNA hypermethylation is associated with GDM, independent of established risk factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Reichetzeder2021,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph},
  title     = {Overweight and obesity in pregnancy},
  series = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
  volume    = {75},
  journal   = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0954-3007},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41430-021-00905-6},
  pages     = {1710 -- 1722},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Over the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide. Consequently, the number of obesity in pregnancy has risen drastically. Gestational overweight and obesity are associated with impaired outcomes for mother and child. Furthermore, studies show that maternal obesity can lead to long-term consequences in the offspring, increasing the risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease in later life. In addition to genetic mechanisms, mounting evidence demonstrates the induction of epigenetic alterations by maternal obesity, which can affect the offspring's phenotype, thereby influencing the later risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Clear evidence in this regard comes from various animal models of maternal obesity. Evidence derived from clinical studies remains limited. The current article gives an overview of pathophysiological changes associated with maternal obesity and their consequences on placental structure and function. Furthermore, a short excurse is given on epigenetic mechanisms and emerging data regarding a putative interaction between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, a summary of important findings of animal and clinical studies investigating maternal obesity-related epigenetic effects is presented also addressing current limitations of clinical studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HocherHaumannRahnenfuehreretal.2016,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Haumann, Hannah and Rahnenf{\"u}hrer, Jan and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Kalk, Philipp and Pfab, Thiemo and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Winter, Stefan and Hofmann, Ute and Li, Jian and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Lang, Florian and Schuppan, Detlef and Schwab, Matthias and Schaeffeler, Elke},
  title     = {Maternal eNOS deficiency determines a fatty liver phenotype of the offspring in a sex dependent manner},
  series = {Epigenetics : the official journal of the DNA Methylation Society},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Epigenetics : the official journal of the DNA Methylation Society},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1559-2294},
  doi       = {10.1080/15592294.2016.1184800},
  pages     = {539 -- 552},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Maternal environmental factors can impact on the phenotype of the offspring via the induction of epigenetic adaptive mechanisms. The advanced fetal programming hypothesis proposes that maternal genetic variants may influence the offspring's phenotype indirectly via epigenetic modification, despite the absence of a primary genetic defect. To test this hypothesis, heterozygous female eNOS knockout mice and wild type mice were bred with male wild type mice. We then assessed the impact of maternal eNOS deficiency on the liver phenotype of wild type offspring. Birth weight of male wild type offspring born to female heterozygous eNOS knockout mice was reduced compared to offspring of wild type mice. Moreover, the offspring displayed a sex specific liver phenotype, with an increased liver weight, due to steatosis. This was accompanied by sex specific differences in expression and DNA methylation of distinct genes. Liver global DNA methylation was significantly enhanced in both male and female offspring. Also, hepatic parameters of carbohydrate metabolism were reduced in male and female offspring. In addition, male mice displayed reductions in various amino acids in the liver. Maternal genetic alterations, such as partial deletion of the eNOS gene, can affect liver metabolism of wild type offspring without transmission of the intrinsic defect. This occurs in a sex specific way, with more detrimental effects in females. This finding demonstrates that a maternal genetic defect can epigenetically alter the phenotype of the offspring, without inheritance of the defect itself. Importantly, these acquired epigenetic phenotypic changes can persist into adulthood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HocherOberthuerSlowinskietal.2013,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Oberth{\"u}r, Dominik and Slowinski, Torsten and Querfeld, Uwe and Sch{\"a}fer, Franz and Doyon, Anke and Tepel, Martin and Roth, Heinz J. and Gr{\"o}n, Hans J. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Betzel, Christian and Armbruster, Franz Paul},
  title     = {Modeling of Oxidized PTH (oxPTH) and Non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) Receptor Binding and Relationship of Oxidized to Non-Oxidized PTH in Children with Chronic Renal Failure, Adult Patients on Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplant Recipients},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  number    = {4-5},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000350149},
  pages     = {240 -- 251},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: The biological properties of oxidized and non-oxidized PTH are substantially different. Oxidized PTH (oxPTH) loses its PTH receptor-stimulating properties, whereas non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) is a full agonist of the receptor. This was described in more than 20 well published studies in the 1970(s) and 80(s). However, PTH oxidation has been ignored during the development of PTH assays for clinical use so far. Even the nowadays used third generation assay systems do not consider oxidation of PTH. We recently developed an assay to differentiate between oxPTH and n-oxPTH. In the current study we established normal values for this assay system. Furthermore, we compare the ratio of oxPTH to n-oxPTH in different population with chronic renal failure: 620 children with renal failure stage 2-4 of the 4C study, 342 adult patients on dialysis, and 602 kidney transplant recipients. In addition, we performed modeling of the interaction of either oxPTH or n-oxPTH with the PTH receptor using biophysical structure approaches. Results: The children had the highest mean as well as maximum n-oxPTH concentrations as compared to adult patients (both patients on dialysis as well as kidney transplant recipients). The relationship between oxPTH and n-oxPTH of individual patients varied substantially in all three populations with renal impairment. The analysis of n-oxPTH in 89 healthy control subjects revealed that n-oxPTH concentrations in patient with renal failure were higher as compared to healthy adult controls (2.25-fold in children with renal failure, 1.53-fold in adult patients on dialysis, and 1.56-fold in kidney transplant recipients, respectively). Computer assisted biophysical structure modeling demonstrated, however, minor sterical- and/or electrostatic changes in oxPTH and n-oxPTH. This indicated that PTH oxidation may induce refolding of PTH and hence alters PTH-PTH receptor interaction via oxidation induced three-dimensional structure alteration of PTH. Conclusion: A huge proportion of circulating PTH measured by current state-of-the-art assay systems is oxidized and thus not biologically active. The relationship between oxPTH and n-oxPTH of individual patients varied substantially. Non-oxidized PTH concentrations are 1.5 - 2.25 fold higher in patients with renal failure as compared to health controls. Measurements of n-oxPTH may reflect the hormone status more precise. The iPTH measures describes most likely oxidative stress in patients with renal failure rather than the PTH hormone status. This, however, needs to be demonstrated in further clinical studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FegerFajolLebedevaetal.2013,
  author    = {Feger, Martina and Fajol, Abul and Lebedeva, Aleksandra and Meissner, Adrian and Michael, Diana and V{\"o}lkl, Jakob and Alesutan, Ioana and Schleicher, Erwin and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold and Qadri, Syed M. and Lang, Florian},
  title     = {Effect of Carbon Monoxide Donor CORM-2 on Vitamin D-3 Metabolism},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  number    = {4-5},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000355730},
  pages     = {496 -- 505},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Carbon monoxide (CO) interferes with cytochrome-dependent cellular functions and acts as gaseous transmitter. CO is released from CO-releasing molecules (CORM) including tricarbonyl-dichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), molecules considered for the treatment of several disorders including vascular dysfunction, inflammation, tissue ischemia and organ rejection. Cytochrome P450-sensitive function include formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1,25(OH)(2)D-3) by renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1). The enzyme is regulated by PTH, FGF23 and klotho. 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 regulates Ca2+ and phosphate transport as well as klotho expression. The present study explored, whether CORM-2 influences 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 formation and klotho expression. Methods: Mice were treated with intravenous CORM-2 (20 mg/kg body weight). Plasma 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 and FGF23 concentrations were determined by ELISA, phosphate, calcium and creatinine concentrations by colorimetric methods, transcript levels by quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression by western blotting. Fgf23 mRNA transcript levels were further determined in rat osteosarcoma UMR106 cells without or with prior treatment for 24 hours with 20 mu M CORM-2. Results: CORM-2 injection within 24 hours significantly increased FGF23 plasma levels and decreased 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 plasma levels, renal Cyp27b1 gene expression as well as renal klotho protein abundance and transcript levels. Moreover, treatment of UMR106 cells with CORM-2 significantly increased Fgf23 transcript levels. Conclusion: CO-releasing molecule CORM-2 enhances FGF23 expression and release and decreases klotho expression and 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 synthesis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{HocherReichetzeder2013,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Reichetzeder, Christoph},
  title     = {Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women how to translate preclinical evidence into benefit for patients},
  series = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  volume    = {84},
  journal   = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0085-2538},
  doi       = {10.1038/ki.2013.139},
  pages     = {9 -- 11},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Preclinical work indicates that calcitriol restores vascular function by normalizing the endothelial expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and thromboxane-prostanoid receptors in conditions of estrogen deficiency and thus prevents the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor activation-induced inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Since endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, this finding may have an important translational impact. It provides a clear rationale to use endothelial function in clinical trials aiming to find the optimal dose of vitamin D for the prevention of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HocherTsuprykovAlteretal.2013,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Alter, Markus L. and von Websky, Karoline and Chaykovska, Lyubov and Antonenko, V. and Rahnenf{\"u}hrer, Jan and Klein, T. and Reichetzeder, Christoph},
  title     = {Linagliptin and the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan show comparable efficacy but different renoprotective pathways in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {56},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  number    = {15-16},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S66 -- S66},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChaykovskaAltervonWebskyetal.2013,
  author    = {Chaykovska, Lyubov and Alter, Markus L. and von Websky, Karoline and Hohmann, Margarete and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Kutil, Barbara and Kraft, Robin and Klein, Thomas and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Effects of telmisartan and linagliptin when used in combination on blood pressure and oxidative stress in rats with 2-kidney-1-clip hypertension},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283649b4d},
  pages     = {2290 -- 2299},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective:To investigate the effects of linagliptin alone and in combination with the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), telmisartan on blood pressure (BP), kidney function, heart morphology and oxidative stress in rats with renovascular hypertension.Methods:Fifty-seven male Wistar rats underwent unilateral surgical stenosis of the renal artery [2-kidney-1-clip (2k1c) method]. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n=14-18 per group) receiving: telmisartan (10mg/kg per day in drinking water), linagliptin (89ppm in chow), combination (linagliptin 89ppm+telmisartan 10mg/kg per day) or placebo. An additional group of 12 rats underwent sham surgery. BP was measured one week after surgery. Hypertensive animals entered a 16-week dosing period. BP was measured 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Blood and urine were tested for assessment of kidney function and oxidative stress 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks after surgery. Blood and urine sampling and organ harvesting were finally performed.Results:Renal stenosis caused an increase in meanSD systolic BP as compared with the sham group (157.7 +/- 29.3 vs. 106.2 +/- 20.5mmHg, respectively; P<0.001). Telmisartan alone and in combination with linagliptin, normalized SBP (111.1 +/- 24.3mmHg and 100.4 +/- 13.9mmHg, respectively; P<0.001 vs. placebo). Telmisartan alone and in combination with linagliptin significantly prevented cardiac hypertrophy, measured by heart weight and myocyte diameter. Renal function measured by cystatin C was not affected by 2k1c surgery. Telmisartan significantly increased plasma concentration of cystatin C. 2k1c surgery initiated fibrosis in both kidneys. Telmisartan promoted further fibrotic changes in the clipped kidney, as measured by protein expression of Col1a1 and histology for interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. In non-clipped kidneys, telmisartan demonstrated antifibrotic properties, reducing Col1a1 protein expression. Plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein were higher in the placebo-treated 2k1c rats as compared to sham-operated animals. The increase was abolished by linagliptin alone (P=0.03 vs. placebo) and in combination with telmisartan (P=0.02 vs. placebo). Combination therapy also significantly reduced plasma concentration of carbonyl proteins (P=0.04 vs. placebo).Conclusion:Inhibition of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase with linagliptin did not counter BP-lowering effects of ARB in 2k1c rats. Linagliptin reduced lipid and protein oxidation in 2k1c rats, and this effect was BP-independent.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TepelArmbrusterGroenetal.2013,
  author    = {Tepel, Martin and Armbruster, Franz Paul and Groen, Hans Juergen and Scholze, Alexandra and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Roth, Heinz J{\"u}rgen and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Nonoxidized, biologically active parathyroid hormone determines mortality in hemodialysis patients},
  series = {The journal of clinical endocrinology \& metabolism},
  volume    = {98},
  journal   = {The journal of clinical endocrinology \& metabolism},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Endocrine Society},
  address   = {Chevy Chase},
  issn      = {0021-972X},
  doi       = {10.1210/jc.2013-2139},
  pages     = {4744 -- 4751},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: It was shown that nonoxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) is bioactive, whereas the oxidation of PTH results in a loss of biological activity. Methods: In this study we analyzed the association of n-oxPTH on mortality in hemodialysis patients using a recently developed assay system. Results: Hemodialysis patients (224 men, 116 women) had a median age of 66 years. One hundred seventy patients (50\%) died during the follow-up period of 5 years. Median n-oxPTH levels were higher in survivors (7.2 ng/L) compared with deceased patients (5.0 ng/L; P = .002). Survival analysis showed an increased survival in the highest n-oxPTH tertile compared with the lowest n-oxPTH tertile (chi(2), 14.3; P = 0008). Median survival was 1702 days in the highest n-oxPTH tertile, whereas it was only 453 days in the lowest n-oxPTH tertile. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression showed that higher age increased odds for death, whereas higher n-oxPTH reduced the odds for death. Another model analyzing a subgroup of patients with intact PTH (iPTH) concentrations at baseline above the upper normal range of the iPTH assay (70 ng/L) revealed that mortality in this subgroup was associated with oxidized PTH but not with n-oxPTH levels. Conclusions: The predictive power of n-oxPTH and iPTH on the mortality of hemodialysis patients differs substantially. Measurements of n-oxPTH may reflect the hormone status more precisely. The iPTH-associated mortality is most likely describing oxidative stress-related mortality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HocherArmbrusterScholzeetal.2013,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Armbruster, Franz Paul and Scholze, Alexandra and Marckmann, Peter and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Roth, Heinz J{\"u}rgen and Tepel, Martin},
  title     = {Non-oxidized, biological active parathyroid hormone determines motality in hemodialsysis patients},
  series = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation},
  volume    = {28},
  booktitle = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0931-0509},
  pages     = {33 -- 33},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiWangChenetal.2012,
  author    = {Li, Jian and Wang, Zi-Neng and Chen, You-Peng and Dong, Yun-Peng and Shuai, Han-Lin and Xiao, Xiao-Min and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Late gestational maternal serum cortisol is inversely associated with fetal brain growth},
  series = {Neuroscience \& biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Neuroscience \& biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0149-7634},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.006},
  pages     = {1085 -- 1092},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {To analyze the association between fetal brain growth and late gestational blood serum cortisol in normal pregnancy.Blood total cortisol was quantified at delivery in 432 Chinese mother/child pairs. Key inclusion criteria of the cohort were: no structural anomalies of the newborn, singleton pregnancy, no alcohol abuse, no drug abuse or history of smoking no hypertensive disorders and no impairment of glucose tolerance and no use of steroid medication during pregnancy. Differential ultrasound examination of the fetal body was done in early (gestational day 89.95 +/- 7.31), middle (gestational day 160.17 16.12) and late pregnancy (gestational day 268.89 +/- 12.42). Newborn's cortisol was not correlated with any of the ultrasound measurements during pregnancy nor with birth weight. Multivariable regression analysis, considering timing of the ultrasound examination, the child's sex, maternal BMI, maternal age, maternal body weight at delivery, the timing of cortisol measurement and maternal uterine contraction states, revealed that maternal serum total cortisol was significantly negative correlated with ultrasound parameters describing the fetal brain: late biparietal diameter (R-2 =0.512, p =0.009), late head circumference (R-2 = 0.498, p= 0.001), middle biparietal diameter (R-2= 0.819, p = 0.013), middle cerebellum transverse diameter R-2 = 0.76, p= 0.014) and early biparietal diameter(R-2 = 0.819, p = 0.013). The same analysis revealed that birth weight as well as ultrasound parameters such as abdominal circumference and femur length were not correlated to maternal cortisol levels. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that maternal cortisol secretion within physiological ranges may be inversely correlated to fetal brain growth but not to birth weight. It remains to be demonstrated whether maternal cortisol secretion negatively influencing fetal brain growth translates to adverse neurological outcomes in later life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HocherReichetzedervonWebskyetal.2014,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Reichetzeder, Christoph and von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Klein, T.},
  title     = {Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury may accelerate tubular regeneration but does not improve glomerular filtration rate},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {57},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S538 -- S538},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReichetzederPaschvonWebskyetal.2014,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Pasch, A. and von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Klein, T. and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin increases plasma fetuin-A concentrations in a rat model of uraemic calcification},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {57},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S522 -- S522},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SharkovskaReichetzederAlteretal.2014,
  author    = {Sharkovska, Yuliya and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Alter, Markus L. and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Bachmann, Sebastian and Secher, Thomas and Klein, Thomas and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Blood pressure and glucose independent renoprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in a mouse model of type-2 diabetic nephropathy},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000000328},
  pages     = {2211 -- 2223},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Despite the beneficial effects of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitors on glucose levels, its effects on diabetic nephropathy remain unclear. Method: This study examined the long-term renoprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Results were compared with the known beneficial effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade by enalapril. Ten-week-old male diabetic db/db mice were treated for 3 months with either vehicle (n = 10), 3 mg linagliptin/kg per day (n = 8), or 20 mg enalapril/kg per day (n = 10). Heterozygous db/m mice treated with vehicle served as healthy controls (n = 8). Results: Neither linagliptin nor enalapril had significant effects on the parameters of glucose metabolism or blood pressure in diabetic db/db mice. However, linagliptin treatment reduced albuminuria and attenuated kidney injury. In addition, expression of podocyte marker podocalyxin was normalized. We also analysed DPP-4 expression by immunofluorescence in human kidney biopsies and detected upregulation of DPP-4 in the glomeruli of patients with diabetic nephropathy, suggesting that our findings might be of relevance for human kidney disease as well. Conclusion: Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy damage in a glucose-independent and blood-pressure-independent manner. The observed effects may be because of the attenuation of podocyte injury and inhibition of myofibroblast transformation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichetzederChenFoelleretal.2014,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Chen, Hong and Foeller, Michael and Slowinski, Torsten and Li, Jian and Chen, You-Peng and Lang, Florian and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Maternal vitamin D deficiency and fetal programming - lessons learned from humans and mice},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000355809},
  pages     = {315 -- 329},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Cardiovascular disease partially originates from poor environmental and nutritional conditions in early life. Lack of micronutrients like 25 hydroxy vitamin D-3 (25OHD) during pregnancy may be an important treatable causal factor. The present study explored the effect of maternal 25OHD deficiency on the offspring. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study analyzing the association of maternal 25OHD deficiency during pregnancy with birth outcomes considering confounding. To show that vitamin D deficiency may be causally involved in the observed associations, mice were set on either 25OHD sufficient or insufficient diets before and during pregnancy. Growth, glucose tolerance and mortality was analyzed in the F1 generation. Results: The clinical study showed that severe 25OHD deficiency was associated with low birth weight and low gestational age. ANCOVA models indicated that established confounding factors such as offspring sex, smoking during pregnancy and maternal BMI did not influence the impact of 25OHD on birth weight. However, there was a significant interaction between 25OHD and gestational age. Maternal 25OHD deficiency was also independently associated with low APGAR scores 5 minutes postpartum. The offspring of 25OHD deficient mice grew slower after birth, had an impaired glucose tolerance shortly after birth and an increased mortality during follow-up. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates an association between maternal 25OHD and offspring birth weight. The effect of 25OHD on birth weight seems to be mediated by vitamin D controlling gestational age. Results from an animal experiment suggest that gestational 25OHD insufficiency is causally linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Since birth weight and prematurity are associated with an adverse cardiovascular outcome in later life, this study emphasizes the need for novel monitoring and treatment guidelines of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PutraTsuprykovVonWebskyetal.2014,
  author    = {Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Von Websky, Karoline and Ritter, Teresa and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Dealing with large sample sizes: comparison of a new one spot dot blot method to western blot},
  series = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1433-6510},
  doi       = {10.7754/Clin.Lab.2014.140317},
  pages     = {1871 -- 1877},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Western blot is the gold standard method to determine individual protein expression levels. However, western blot is technically difficult to perform in large sample sizes because it is a time consuming and labor intensive process. Dot blot is often used instead when dealing with large sample sizes, but the main disadvantage of the existing dot blot techniques, is the absence of signal normalization to a housekeeping protein. Methods: In this study we established a one dot two development signals (ODTDS) dot blot method employing two different signal development systems. The first signal from the protein of interest was detected by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The second signal, detecting the housekeeping protein, was obtained by using alkaline phosphatase (AP). Results: Inter-assay results variations within ODTDS dot blot and western blot and intra-assay variations between both methods were low (1.04 - 5.71\%) as assessed by coefficient of variation. Conclusions: ODTDS dot blot technique can be used instead of western blot when dealing with large sample sizes without a reduction in results accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenXiaoLietal.2012,
  author    = {Chen, You-Peng and Xiao, Xiao-Min and Li, Jian and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Wang, Zi-Neng and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Paternal body mass index (BMI) is associated with offspring intrauterine growth in a gender dependent manner},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0036329},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Environmental alternations leading to fetal programming of cardiovascular diseases in later life have been attributed to maternal factors. However, animal studies showed that paternal obesity may program cardio-metabolic diseases in the offspring. In the current study we tested the hypothesis that paternal BMI may be associated with fetal growth. Methods and Results: We analyzed the relationship between paternal body mass index (BMI) and birth weight, ultrasound parameters describing the newborn's body shape as well as parameters describing the newborns endocrine system such as cortisol, aldosterone, renin activity and fetal glycated serum protein in a birth cohort of 899 father/mother/child triplets. Since fetal programming is an offspring sex specific process, male and female offspring were analyzed separately. Multivariable regression analyses considering maternal BMI, paternal and maternal age, hypertension during pregnancy, maternal total glycated serum protein, parity and either gestational age (for birth weight) or time of ultrasound investigation (for ultrasound parameters) as confounding showed that paternal BMI is associated with growth of the male but not female offspring. Paternal BMI correlated with birth parameters of male offspring only: birth weight; biparietal diameter, head circumference; abdominal diameter, abdominal circumference; and pectoral diameter. Cortisol was likewise significantly correlated with paternal BMI in male newborns only. Conclusions: Paternal BMI affects growth of the male but not female offspring. Paternal BMI may thus represent a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases of male offspring in later life. It remains to be demonstrated whether this is linked to an offspring sex specific paternal programming of cortisol secretion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ReichetzederTsuprykovHocher2014,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Endothelin receptor antagonists in clinical research - Lessons learned from preclinical and clinical kidney studies},
  series = {Life sciences : molecular, cellular and functional basis of therapy},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {Life sciences : molecular, cellular and functional basis of therapy},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0024-3205},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.025},
  pages     = {141 -- 148},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Endothelin receptor antagonists (ETRAs) are approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and scleroderma-related digital ulcers. The efforts to approve this class of drugs for renal indications, however, failed so far. Preclinical studies were promising. Transgenic overexpression of ET-1 or ET-2 in rodents causes chronic renal failure. Blocking the ET system was effective in the treatment of renal failure in rodent models. However, various animal studies indicate that blocking the renal tubular ETAR and ETBR causes water and salt retention partially mediated via the epithelial sodium transporter in tubular cells. ETRAs were successfully tested clinically in renal indications in phase 2 trials for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. They showed efficacy in terms of reducing albumin excretion on top of guideline based background therapy (RAS blockade). However, these promising results could not be translated to successful phase Ill trials so far. The spectrum of serious adverse events was similar to other phase III trials using ETRAs. Potential underlying reasons for these failures and options to solve these issues are discussed. In addition preclinical and clinical studies suggest caution when addressing renal patient populations such as patients with hepatorenal syndrome, patients with any type of cystic kidney disease and patients at risk of contrast media induced nephropathy. The lessons learned in renal indications are also important for other potential promising indications of ETRAs like cancer and heart failure. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZirafiKimStaendkeretal.2015,
  author    = {Zirafi, Onofrio and Kim, Kyeong-Ae and St{\"a}ndker, Ludger and Mohr, Katharina B. and Sauter, Daniel and Heigele, Anke and Kluge, Silvia F. and Wiercinska, Eliza and Chudziak, Doreen and Richter, Rudolf and M{\"o}pps, Barbara and Gierschik, Peter and Vas, Virag and Geiger, Hartmut and Lamla, Markus and Weil, Tanja and Burster, Timo and Zgraja, Andreas and Daubeuf, Francois and Frossard, Nelly and Hachet-Haas, Muriel and Heunisch, Fabian and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Galzi, Jean-Luc and Perez-Castells, Javier and Canales-Mayordomo, Angeles and Jimenez-Barbero, Jesus and Gimenez-Gallego, Guillermo and Schneider, Marion and Shorter, James and Telenti, Amalio and Hocher, Berthold and Forssmann, Wolf-Georg and Bonig, Halvard and Kirchhoff, Frank and M{\"u}nch, Jan},
  title     = {Discovery and Characterization of an Endogenous CXCR4 Antagonist},
  series = {Cell reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Cell reports},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Cell Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {2211-1247},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.061},
  pages     = {737 -- 747},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling controls multiple physiological processes and its dysregulation is associated with cancers and inflammatory diseases. To discover as-yet-unknown endogenous ligands of CXCR4, we screened a blood-derived peptide library for inhibitors of CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 strains. This approach identified a 16 amino acid fragment of serum albumin as an effective and highly specific CXCR4 antagonist. The endogenous peptide, termed EPI-X4, is evolutionarily conserved and generated from the highly abundant albumin precursor by pH-regulated proteases. EPI-X4 forms an unusual lasso-like structure and antagonizes CXCL12-induced tumor cell migration, mobilizes stem cells, and suppresses inflammatory responses in mice. Furthermore, the peptide is abundant in the urine of patients with inflammatory kidney diseases and may serve as a biomarker. Our results identify EPI-X4 as a key regulator of CXCR4 signaling and introduce proteolysis of an abundant precursor protein as an alternative concept for chemokine receptor regulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HocherArmbrusterStoevaetal.2012,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Armbruster, Franz Paul and St{\"o}va, Stanka and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Groen, Hans J{\"u}rgen and Lieker, Ina and Khadzhynov, Dmytro and Slowinski, Torsten and Roth, Heinz J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Measuring Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in patients with oxidative stress - do we need a fourth generation Parathyroid Hormone assay?},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0040242},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Oxidation of PTH at methionine residues results in loss of biological activity. PTH may be oxidized in patients with renal disease. The aim of this study was to develop an assay considering oxidation of PTH. Oxidized hPTH was analyzed by high resolution nano-liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-FTT tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-FT-MS/MS) directly and after proteolytic cleavage. The oxidized hPTH(1-84) sample shows TIC-peaks at 18-20 min and several mass peaks due to mass shifts caused by oxidations. No significant signal for oxidized hPTH(1-84) species after removal of oxidized PTH molecules by a specific column with monoclonal antibodies (MAB) raised against the oxidized hPTH was detectable. By using this column in samples from 18 patients on dialysis we could demonstrate that measured PTH concentrations were substantially lower when considering oxidized forms of PTH. The relationship between PTH concentrations determined directly and those concentrations measured after removal of the oxidized PTH forms varies substantially. In some patients only 7\% of traditionally measured PTH was free of oxidation, whereas in other patients 34\% of the traditionally measured PTH was real intact PTH. In conclusion, a huge but not constant proportion of PTH molecules are oxidized in patients requiring dialysis. Since oxidized PTH is biologically inactive, the currently used methods to detect PTH in daily clinical practice may not adequately reflect PTH-related bone and cardiovascular abnormalities in patients on dialysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlterKretschmerVonWebskyetal.2012,
  author    = {Alter, Markus L. and Kretschmer, Axel and Von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Simon, Alexandra and Stasch, Johannes-Peter and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Early urinary and plasma biomarkers for experimental diabetic Nephropathy},
  series = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  number    = {7-8},
  publisher = {Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1433-6510},
  doi       = {10.7754/Clin.Lab.2011.111010},
  pages     = {659 -- 671},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: As the prevalence of diabetes rises, its complications such as diabetic nephropathy affect an increaseing number of patients. Consequently, the need for biomarkers in rodent models which reflect the stage and course of diabetic nephropathy is high. This article focuses on Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), osteopontin (OPN), nephrin, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in urine, and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, clusterin, and tissue inhibitior of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 1 in plasma in uni-nephrectomized rats with streptocotozin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus, a common animal model to explore renal impairment in the setting of diabetes mellitus. Methods: 23 male Wistar rats were uni-nephrectomized and subsequently divided into two study groups. The diabetic group received streptozotocin (STZ) via tail-vein injection, the non-diabetic group received citrate buffer without STZ. Subsequently, blood glucose, body weight, and blood pressure were checked regularly. After 18 weeks, animals were placed in metabolic cages, blood and urine obtained and subsequently organs were harvested after sacrifice. Results: Blood glucose levels were highly increased in diabetic animals throughout the experiment, whereas systolic blood pressure did not differ between the study groups. At study end, classical biomarkers such as urinary albumin and protein and plasma cystatin c were only slightly but not significantly different between groups indicating a very early disease state. In contrast, urinary excretion of H-FABP, OPN, nephrin, and NGAL were highly increased in diabetic animals with a highly significant p-value (p<0.01 each) compared to non-diabetic animals. In plasma, differences were found for calbindin, KIM-1, clusterin, TIMP-1, and OPN. These findings were confirmed by means of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) analysis. Conclusions: In summary, our study revealed elevated levels of new plasma and urinary biomarkers (urinary osteopontin, urinary nephrin, urinary NGAL, urinary H-FABP, plasma KIM-1, plasma TIMP-1) in uni-nephrectomized diabetic rats, an established rat model of diabetic nephropathy. These biomarkers appeared even before the classical biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy such as albuminuria and urinary protein excretion. The new biomarkers might offer advantage to urinary albumin and plasma cystatin c with respect to early detection.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenLiWangetal.2012,
  author    = {Chen, You-Peng and Li, Jian and Wang, Zi-Neng and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Xu, Hao and Gong, Jian and Chen, Guang-Ji and Pfab, Thiemo and Xiao, Xiao-Min and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Renin angiotensin aldosterone system and glycemia in pregnancy},
  series = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion},
  number    = {5-6},
  publisher = {Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1433-6510},
  pages     = {527 -- 533},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the general population. The RAAS is activated during pregnancy. However, it is unknown whether the RAAS contributes to glycemia in pregnant women. Methods: Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone levels were quantified at delivery in 689 Chinese mothers. An oral glucose tolerance test in fasted women was performed in the second trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy were made according to the guidelines of the Chinese Society of Obstetrics. Results: Plasma aldosterone was significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM as compared to those without impairment of glycemic control (normal pregnancies: 0.27 +/- 0.21 ng/mL, GDM: 0.36 +/- 0.30 ng/mL; p<0.05). Regression analyses revealed that PRA was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (R-2 = 0.03, p = 0.007), whereas plasma aldosterone and aldosterone/PRA ratio were positively correlated with FBG (R-2 = 0.05, p<0.001 and R-2 = 0.03, p = 0.007, respectively). Multivariable regression analysis models considering relevant confounding factors confirmed these findings. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that fasting blood glucose in pregnant women is inversely correlated with the PRA, whereas plasma aldosterone showed a highly significant positive correlation with fasting blood glucose during pregnancy. Moreover, plasma aldosterone is significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM as compared to those women with normal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Although causality cannot be proven in association studies, these data may indicate that the RAAS during pregnancy contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance/new onset of diabetes during pregnancy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReichetzedervonWebskyTsuprykovetal.2015,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Antonenko, V. and Samarin, Azin Mohagheghi and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Effects of DPP-4 inhibition on glomerular and tubular function in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {58},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S34 -- S35},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HocherReichetzederAlter2012,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Alter, Markus L.},
  title     = {Renal and cardiac effects of DPP-4 inhibitors - from preclinical development to clinical research},
  series = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Kidney \& blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Nephrologie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000339028},
  pages     = {65 -- 84},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Inhibitors of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-4) were developed and approved for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its mode of action is to inhibit the degradation of incretins, such as type 1 glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), and GIP. GLP-1 stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells and suppresses glucagon release from alpha-cells, thereby improving glucose control. Besides its action on the pancreas type 1 glucagon like peptide has direct effects on the heart, vessels and kidney mainly via the type 1 glucagon like peptide receptor (GLP-1R). Moreover, there are substrates of DPP-4 beyond incretins that have proven renal and cardiovascular effects such as BNP/ANP, NPY, PYY or SDF-1 alpha. Preclinical evidence suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors may be effective in acute and chronic renal failure as well as in cardiac diseases like myocardial infarction and heart failure. Interestingly, large cardiovascular meta-analyses of combined Phase II/III clinical trials with DPP-4 inhibitors point all in the same direction: a potential reduction of cardiovascular events in patients treated with these agents. A pooled analysis of pivotal Phase III, placebo-controlled, registration studies of linagliptin further showed a significant reduction of urinary albumin excretion after 24 weeks of treatment. The observation suggests direct renoprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibition that may go beyond its glucose-lowering potential. Type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors have been shown to be very well tolerated in general, but for those excreted via the kidney dose adjustments according to renal function are needed to avoid side effects. In conclusion, the direct cardiac and renal effects seen in preclinical studies as well as meta-analysis of clinical trials may offer additional potentials - beyond improvement of glycemic control - for this newer class of drugs, such as acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure as well as acute myocardial infarction and heart failure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SharkovskaAlterReichetzederetal.2012,
  author    = {Sharkovska, Y. and Alter, Markus L. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Klein, T. and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice},
  series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  volume    = {55},
  booktitle = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0012-186X},
  pages     = {S20 -- S20},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenLuLietal.2014,
  author    = {Chen, You-Peng and Lu, Yong-Ping and Li, Jian and Liu, Zhi-Wei and Chen, Wen-Jing and Liang, Xu-Jing and Chen, Xin and Wen, Wang-Rong and Xiao, Xiao-Min and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Fetal and maternal angiotensin (1-7) are associated with preterm birth},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000000251},
  pages     = {1833 -- 1841},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent studies show that preterm birth is associated with hypertension in later life. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during pregnancy influences fetal growth and development. In the current study, we investigated the impact of fetal as well as maternal angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] and angiotensin II (Ang II) plasma concentrations on the risk of preterm birth. Methods: Three hundred and nine pregnant women were prospectively included into the study. The pregnant women were divided into two groups, for example, preterm birth of lower than 37 gestational weeks (n = 17) and full-term birth of 37 gestational weeks or more (n = 292). Maternal and neonatal plasma Ang (1-7) and Ang II concentrations were analyzed at birth from maternal venous blood and umbilical cord blood, respectively. Risk factors for premature birth were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Fetal and maternal plasma Ang (1-7) concentrations in the preterm group were lower than those of the term group fetal Ang (1-7) preterm birth: 486.15 +/- 337.34 ng/l and fetal Ang (1-7) term birth: 833.84 +/- 698.12 ng/l and maternal Ang (1-7) preterm birth: 399.86 +/- 218.93 ng/l; maternal Ang (1-7) term birth: 710.34 +/- 598.22 ng/l. Multiple logistic regression analysis considering confounding factors revealed that preeclampsia (P < 0.001), premature rupture of membranes (P = 0.001), lower concentration of maternal Ang (1-7) (P = 0.013) and fetal plasma Ang (1-7) (P = 0.032) were independently associated with preterm birth. We could furthermore demonstrate that the maternal Ang (1-7)/Ang II ratio is independently associated with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, factors causing preterm birth. Conclusions: Lower concentrations of maternal and fetal Ang (1-7) are independently associated with preterm birth - a risk factor of hypertension in later life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{vonWebskyReichetzederHocher2014,
  author    = {von Websky, Karoline and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Physiology and pathophysiology of incretins in the kidney},
  series = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension : reviews of all advances, evaluations of key references, comprehensive listing of papers},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension : reviews of all advances, evaluations of key references, comprehensive listing of papers},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1062-4821},
  doi       = {10.1097/01.mnh.0000437542.77175.a0},
  pages     = {54 -- 60},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Purpose of reviewIncretin-based therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is considered a promising therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cumulative evidence, mainly from preclinical animal studies, reveals that incretin-based therapies also may elicit beneficial effects on kidney function. This review gives an overview of the physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of the renal incretin system.Recent findingsActivation of GLP-1R in the kidney leads to diuretic and natriuretic effects, possibly through direct actions on renal tubular cells and sodium transporters. Moreover, there is evidence that incretin-based therapy reduces albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the kidney, partially through GLP-1R-independent pathways. Molecular mechanisms by which incretins exert their renal effects are understood incompletely, thus further studies are needed.SummaryThe GLP-1R and DPP-4 are expressed in the kidney in various species. The kidney plays an important role in the excretion of incretin metabolites and most GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, thus special attention is required when applying incretin-based therapy in renal impairment. Preclinical observations suggest direct renoprotective effects of incretin-based therapies in the setting of hypertension and other disorders of sodium retention, as well as in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathy. Clinical studies are needed in order to confirm translational relevance from preclinical findings for treatment options of renal diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LuReichetzederPrehnetal.2018,
  author    = {Lu, Yong-Ping and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Prehn, Cornelia and von Websky, Karoline and Slowinski, Torsten and Chen, You-Peng and Yin, Liang-Hong and Kleuser, Burkhard and Yang, Xue-Song and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Fetal serum metabolites are independently associated with Gestational diabetes mellitus},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {637},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42458},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424585},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Gestational diabetes (GDM) might be associated with alterations in the metabolomic profile of affected mothers and their offspring. Until now, there is a paucity of studies that investigated both, the maternal and the fetal serum metabolome in the setting of GDM. Mounting evidence suggests that the fetus is not just passively affected by gestational disease but might play an active role in it. Metabolomic studies performed in maternal blood and fetal cord blood could help to better discern distinct fetal from maternal disease interactions. Methods: At the time of birth, serum samples from mothers and newborns (cord blood samples) were collected and screened for 163 metabolites utilizing tandem mass spectrometry. The cohort consisted of 412 mother/child pairs, including 31 cases of maternal GDM. Results: An initial non-adjusted analysis showed that eight metabolites in the maternal blood and 54 metabolites in the cord blood were associated with GDM. After Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure and adjustment for confounding factors for GDM, fetal phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C 32:1 and proline still showed an independent association with GDM. Conclusions: This study found metabolites in cord blood which were associated with GDM, even after adjustment for established risk factors of GDM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating an independent association between fetal serum metabolites and maternal GDM. Our findings might suggest a potential effect of the fetal metabolome on maternal GDM. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiLuReichetzederetal.2016,
  author    = {Li, Jian and Lu, Yong Ping and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Kalk, Philipp and Kleuser, Burkhard and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Maternal PCaaC38:6 is Associated With Preterm Birth - a Risk Factor for Early and Late Adverse Outcome of the Offspring},
  series = {Journal of European public policy},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Journal of European public policy},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-4096},
  doi       = {10.1159/000443428},
  pages     = {250 -- 257},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) significantly influence mortality and morbidity of the offspring in early life and also have long-term consequences in later life. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of preterm birth could provide new insights regarding putative preventive strategies. Metabolomics provides a powerful analytic tool to readout complex interactions between genetics, environment and health and may serve to identify relevant biomarkers. In this study, the association between 163 targeted maternal blood metabolites and gestational age was investigated in order to find candidate biomarkers for PTB. Methods: Five hundred twenty-three women were included into this observational study. Maternal blood was obtained before delivery. The concentration of 163 maternal serum metabolites was measured by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry. To find putative biomarkers for preterm birth, a three-step analysis was designed: bivariate correlation analysis followed by multivariable regression analysis and a comparison of mean values among gestational age groups. Results: Bivariate correlation analysis showed that 2 acylcarnitines (C16:2, C2), 1 amino acids (xLeu), 8 diacyl-PCs (PCaaC36:4, PCaaC38:4, PCaaC38:5, PCaaC38:6, PCaaC40:4, PCaaC40:5, PCaaC40:6, PCaaC42:4), and 1 Acylalkyl-PCs (PCaeC40:5) were inversely correlated with gestational age. Multivariable regression analysis confounded for PTB history, maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy, systolic blood pressure at the third trimester, and maternal body weight at the third trimester, showed that the diacyl-PC PCaaC38:6 was the only metabolite inversely correlated with gestational age. Conclusions: Maternal blood concentrations of PCaaC38:6 are independently associated with gestational age. (C) 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ReichetzederPutraLietal.2016,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi and Li, Jian and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Developmental Origins of Disease - Crisis Precipitates Change},
  series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1015-8987},
  doi       = {10.1159/000447801},
  pages     = {919 -- 938},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The concept of developmental origins of diseases has gained a huge interest in recent years and is a constantly emerging scientific field. First observations hereof originated from epidemiological studies, linking impaired birth outcomes to adult chronic, noncommunicable disease. By now there is a considerable amount of both epidemiological and experimental evidence highlighting the impact of early life events on later life disease susceptibility. Albeit far from being completely understood, more recent studies managed to elucidate underlying mechanisms, with epigenetics having become almost synonymous with developmental programming. The aim of this review was to give a comprehensive overview of various aspects and mechanisms of developmental origins of diseases. Starting from initial research foci mainly centered on a nutritionally impaired intrauterine environment, more recent findings such as postnatal nutrition, preterm birth, paternal programming and putative interventional approaches are summarized. The review outlines general underlying mechanisms and particularly discusses mechanistic explanations for sexual dimorphism in developmental programming. Furthermore, novel hypotheses are presented emphasizing a non-mendelian impact of parental genes on the offspring's phenotype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TsuprykovAndoReichetzederetal.2016,
  author    = {Tsuprykov, Oleg and Ando, Ryotaro and Reichetzeder, Christoph and von Websky, Karoline and Antonenko, Viktoriia and Sharkovska, Yuliya and Chaykovska, Lyubov and Rahnenfuehrer, Jan and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Tammen, Harald and Alter, Markus L. and Klein, Thomas and Ueda, Seiji and Yamagishi, Sho-ichi and Okuda, Seiya and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {The dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor linagliptin and the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan show renal benefit by different pathways in rats with 5/6 nephrectomy},
  series = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Kidney international : official journal of the International Society of Nephrology},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0085-2538},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.016},
  pages     = {1049 -- 1061},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors delay chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in experimental diabetic nephropathy in a glucose-independent manner. Here we compared the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus telmisartan in preventing CKD progression in non-diabetic rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. Animals were allocated to 1 of 4 groups: sham operated plus placebo; 5/6 nephrectomy plus placebo; 5/6 nephrectomy plus linagliptin; and 5/6 nephrectomy plus telmisartan. Interstitial fibrosis was significantly decreased by 48\% with linagliptin but a non-significant 24\% with telmisartan versus placebo. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly decreased by 66\% with linagliptin and 92\% with telmisartan versus placebo. Blood pressure was significantly lowered by telmisartan, but it was not affected by linagliptin. As shown by mass spectrometry, the number of altered peptide signals for linagliptin in plasma was 552 and 320 in the kidney. For telmisartan, there were 108 peptide changes in plasma and 363 in the kidney versus placebo. Linagliptin up-regulated peptides derived from collagen type I, apolipoprotein C1, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1, a potential downstream target of atrial natriuretic peptide, whereas telmisartan up-regulated angiotensin II. A second study was conducted to confirm these findings in 5/6 nephrectomy wild-type and genetically deficient DPP-4 rats treated with linagliptin or placebo. Linagliptin therapy in wild-type rats was as effective as DPP-4 genetic deficiency in terms of albuminuria reduction. Thus, linagliptin showed comparable efficacy to telmisartan in preventing CKD progression in non-diabetic rats with 5/6 nephrectomy. However, the underlying pathways seem to be different. Copyright (C) 2016, International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TsuprykovChaykovskaKretschmeretal.2015,
  author    = {Tsuprykov, Oleg and Chaykovska, Lyubov and Kretschmer, Axel and Stasch, Johannes-Peter and Pfab, Thiemo and Krause-Relle, Katharina and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Kalk, Philipp and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Endothelin-1 overexpression improves renal function in eNOS knockout mice},
  series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1015-8987},
  doi       = {10.1159/000438516},
  pages     = {1474 -- 1490},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: To investigate the renal phenotype under conditions of an activated renal ET-1 system in the status of nitric oxide deficiency, we compared kidney function and morphology in wild-type, ET-1 transgenic (ET+/+), endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS-/-) and ET+/+eNOS-/- mice. Methods: We assessed blood pressure, parameters of renal morphology, plasma cystatin C, urinary protein excretion, expression of genes associated with glomerular filtration barrier and tissue remodeling, and plasma metabolites using metabolomics. Results: eNOS-/- and ET+/+eNOS-/- mice developed hypertension. Osteopontin, albumin and protein excretion were increased in eNOS-/- and restored in ET+/+eNOS-/- animals. All genetically modified mice developed renal interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Genes involved in tissue remodeling (serpinel, TIMP1, Collal, CCL2) were up-regulated in eNOS-/-, but not in ET+/+eNOS-/- mice. Plasma levels of free carnitine and acylcarnitines, amino acids, diacyl phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and hexoses were descreased in eNOS-/- and were in the normal range in ET+/+eNOS-/- mice. Conclusion: eNOS-/- mice developed renal dysfunction, which was partially rescued by ET-1 overexpression in eNOS-/- mice. The metabolomics results suggest that ET-1 overexpression on top of eNOS knockout is associated with a functional recovery of mitochondria (rescue effect in 13-oxidation of fatty acids) and an increase in antioxidative properties (normalization of monounsaturated fatty acids levels). (C) 2015 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChenReichetzederFoelleretal.2015,
  author    = {Chen, Hong and Reichetzeder, Christoph and F{\"o}ller, Michael and Slowinski, Torsten and Li, Jian and Chen, You-Peng and Lang, Florian and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Maternal vitamin D deficiency and fetal programming},
  series = {Acta physiologica : official journal of the Federation of European Physiological Societies},
  volume    = {213},
  booktitle = {Acta physiologica : official journal of the Federation of European Physiological Societies},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1748-1708},
  pages     = {155 -- 156},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HocherOberthuerSlowinskietal.2017,
  author    = {Hocher, Berthold and Oberth{\"u}r, Dominik and Slowinski, Torsten and Querfeld, Uwe and Schaefer, Franz and Doyon, Anke and Tepel, Martin and Roth, Heinz J. and Gr{\"o}n, Hans J. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Betzel, Christian and Armbruster, Franz Paul},
  title     = {Modeling of oxidized PTH (oxPTH) and non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) receptor binding and relationship of oxidized to non-oxidized PTH in children with chronic renal failure, adult patients on hemodialysis and kidney transplant recipients},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399980},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: The biological properties of oxidized and non-oxidized PTH are substantially different. Oxidized PTH (oxPTH) loses its PTH receptor-stimulating properties, whereas non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) is a full agonist of the receptor. This was described in more than 20 well published studies in the 1970(s) and 80(s). However, PTH oxidation has been ignored during the development of PTH assays for clinical use so far. Even the nowadays used third generation assay systems do not consider oxidation of PTH. We recently developed an assay to differentiate between oxPTH and n-oxPTH. In the current study we established normal values for this assay system. Furthermore, we compare the ratio of oxPTH to n-oxPTH in different population with chronic renal failure: 620 children with renal failure stage 2-4 of the 4C study, 342 adult patients on dialysis, and 602 kidney transplant recipients. In addition, we performed modeling of the interaction of either oxPTH or n-oxPTH with the PTH receptor using biophysical structure approaches. Results: The children had the highest mean as well as maximum n-oxPTH concentrations as compared to adult patients (both patients on dialysis as well as kidney transplant recipients). The relationship between oxPTH and n-oxPTH of individual patients varied substantially in all three populations with renal impairment. The analysis of n-oxPTH in 89 healthy control subjects revealed that n-oxPTH concentrations in patient with renal failure were higher as compared to healthy adult controls (2.25-fold in children with renal failure, 1.53-fold in adult patients on dialysis, and 1.56-fold in kidney transplant recipients, respectively). Computer assisted biophysical structure modeling demonstrated, however, minor sterical- and/or electrostatic changes in oxPTH and n-oxPTH. This indicated that PTH oxidation may induce refolding of PTH and hence alters PTH-PTH receptor interaction via oxidation induced three-dimensional structure alteration of PTH. Conclusion: A huge proportion of circulating PTH measured by current state-of-the-art assay systems is oxidized and thus not biologically active. The relationship between oxPTH and n-oxPTH of individual patients varied substantially. Non-oxidized PTH concentrations are 1.5 - 2.25 fold higher in patients with renal failure as compared to health controls. Measurements of n-oxPTH may reflect the hormone status more precise. The iPTH measures describes most likely oxidative stress in patients with renal failure rather than the PTH hormone status. This, however, needs to be demonstrated in further clinical studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BeaumontWarringtonCavadinoetal.2017,
  author    = {Beaumont, Robin N. and Warrington, Nicole M. and Cavadino, Alana and Tyrrell, Jessica and Nodzenski, Michael and Horikoshi, Momoko and Geller, Frank and Myhre, Ronny and Richmond, Rebecca C. and Paternoster, Lavinia and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Kreiner-M{\o}ller, Eskil and Huikari, Ville and Metrustry, Sarah and Lunetta, Kathryn L. and Painter, Jodie N. and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Allard, Catherine and Barton, Sheila J. and Espinosa, Ana and Marsh, Julie A. and Potter, Catherine and Zhang, Ge and Ang, Wei and Berry, Diane J. and Bouchard, Luigi and Das, Shikta and Hakonarson, Hakon and Heikkinen, Jani and Helgeland, {\O}yvind and Hocher, Berthold and Hofman, Albert and Inskip, Hazel M. and Jones, Samuel E. and Kogevinas, Manolis and Lind, Penelope A. and Marullo, Letizia and Medland, Sarah E. and Murray, Anna and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Nj{\o}lstad, Pa ̊l R. and Nohr, Ellen A. and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Ring, Susan M. and Ruth, Katherine S. and Santa-Marina, Loreto and Scholtens, Denise M. and Sebert, Sylvain and Sengpiel, Verena and Tuke, Marcus A. and Vaudel, Marc and Weedon, Michael N. and Willemsen, Gonneke and Wood, Andrew R. and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Muglia, Louis J. and Bartels, Meike and Relton, Caroline L. and Pennell, Craig E. and Chatzi, Leda and Estivill, Xavier and Holloway, John W. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Montgomery, Grant W. and Murabito, Joanne M. and Spector, Tim D. and Power, Christine and Ja ̈rvelin, Marjo-Ritta and Bisgaard, Hans and Grant, Struan F.A. and S{\o}rensen, Thorkild I.A. and Jaddoe, Vincent W. and Jacobsson, Bo and Melbye, Mads and McCarthy, Mark I. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Hayes, M. Geoffrey and Frayling, Timothy M. and Hivert, Marie-France and Felix, Janine F. and Hyppo ̈nen, Elina and Lowe, William L. , Jr and Evans, David M. and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Freathy, Rachel M.},
  title     = {Genome-wide association study of offspring birth weight in 86 577 women identifies five novel loci and highlights maternal genetic effects that are independent of fetal genetics},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {628},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42310},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423100},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Genome-wide association studies of birth weight have focused on fetal genetics, whereas relatively little is known about the role of maternal genetic variation. We aimed to identify maternal genetic variants associated with birth weight that could highlight potentially relevant maternal determinants of fetal growth. We meta-analysed data on up to 8.7 million SNPs in up to 86 577 women of European descent from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium and the UK Biobank. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) and analyses of mother-child pairs to quantify the separate maternal and fetal genetic effects. Maternal SNPs at 10 loci (MTNR1B, HMGA2, SH2B3, KCNAB1, L3MBTL3, GCK, EBF1, TCF7L2, ACTL9, CYP3A7) were associated with offspring birth weight at P < 5 {\^A} 10 {\`A}8 . In SEM analyses, at least 7 of the 10 associations were consistent with effects of the maternal genotype acting via the intrauterine environment, rather than via effects of shared alleles with the fetus. Variants, or correlated proxies, at many of the loci had been previously associated with adult traits, including fasting glucose (MTNR1B, GCK and TCF7L2) and sex hormone levels (CYP3A7), and one (EBF1) with gestational duration. The identified associations indicate that genetic effects on maternal glucose, cytochrome P450 activity and gestational duration, and potentially on maternal blood pressure and immune function, are relevant for fetal growth. Further characterization of these associations in mechanistic and causal analyses will enhance understanding of the potentially modifiable maternal determinants of fetal growth, with the goal of reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with low and high birth weights.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PutraReichetzederMeixneretal.2017,
  author    = {Putra, Sulistyo E. Dwi and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Meixner, Martin and Liere, Karsten and Slowinski, Torsten and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter in the placenta is associated with blood pressure regulation in human pregnancy},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000001450},
  pages     = {2276 -- 2286},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Blood pressure (BP) regulation during pregnancy is influenced by hormones of placental origin. It was shown that the glucocorticoid system is altered in hypertensive pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia. Epigenetic mechanism might influence the activity of genes involved in placental hormone/hormone receptor synthesis/action during pregnancy. Method: In the current study, we analyzed the association of 50-C-phosphate-G-30 (CpG) site methylation of different glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter regions with BP during pregnancy. The study was performed as a nested case-control study (n = 80) out of 1045 mother/ child pairs from the Berlin Birth Cohort. Placental DNA was extracted and bisulfite converted. Nested PCR products from six NR3C1 proximal promoter regions [glucocorticoid receptor gene promotor region B (GR-1B), C (GR-1C), D (GR-1D), E (GR-1E), F (GR-1F), and H (GR-1H)] were analyzed by next generation sequencing. Results: NR3C1 promoter regions GR-1D and GR-1E had a much higher degree of DNA methylation as compared to GR-1B, GR-1F or GR-1H when analyzing the entire study population. Comparison of placental NR3C1 CpG site methylation among hypotensive, normotensive and hypertensive mothers revealed several differently methylated CpG sites in the GR-1F promoter region only. Both hypertension and hypotension were associated with increased DNA methylation of GR-1F CpG sites. These associations were independent of confounding factors, such as family history of hypertension, smoking status before pregnancy and prepregnancy BMI. Assessment of placental glucocorticoid receptor expression by western blot showed that observed DNA methylation differences were not associated with altered levels of placental glucocorticoid receptor expression. However, correlation matrices of all NR3C1 proximal promoter regions demonstrated different correlation patterns of intraregional and interregional DNA methylation in the three BP groups, putatively indicating altered transcriptional control of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of an independent association between placental NR3C1 proximal promoter methylation and maternal BP. Furthermore, we observed different patterns of NR3C1 promoter methylation in normotensive, hypertensive and hypotensive pregnancy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichetzedervonWebskyTsuprykovetal.2017,
  author    = {Reichetzeder, Christoph and von Websky, Karoline and Tsuprykov, Oleg and Samarin, Azadeh Mohagheghi and Falke, Luise Gabriele and Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Antonenko, Viktoriia and Curato, Caterina and Rippmann, Joerg and Klein, Thomas and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Head-to-head comparison of structurally unrelated dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in the setting of renal ischemia reperfusion injury},
  series = {British journal of pharmacology : journal of The British Pharmacological Society},
  volume    = {174},
  journal   = {British journal of pharmacology : journal of The British Pharmacological Society},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0007-1188},
  doi       = {10.1111/bph.13822},
  pages     = {2273 -- 2286},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Results regarding protective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors in renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) are conflicting. Here we have compared structurally unrelated DPP4 inhibitors in a model of renal IRI. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IRI was induced in uninephrectomizedmale rats by renal artery clamping for 30 min. The shamgroup was uninephrectomized but not subjected to IRI. DPP4 inhibitors or vehicle were given p. o. once daily on three consecutive days prior to IRI: linagliptin (1.5 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)), vildagliptin (8mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) and sitagliptin (30 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)). An additional group received sitagliptin until study end (before IRI: 30 mg.kg(-1).day(-1); after IRI: 15mg.kg(-1).day(-1)). KEY RESULTS Plasma-active glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP(-1)) increased threefold to fourfold in all DPP4 inhibitor groups 24 h after IRI. Plasma cystatin C, a marker of GFR, peaked 48 h after IRI. Compared with the placebo group, DPP4 inhibition did not reduce increased plasma cystatin C levels. DPP4 inhibitors ameliorated histopathologically assessed tubular damage with varying degrees of drug-specific efficacies. Renal osteopontin expression was uniformly reduced by all DPP4 inhibitors. IRI-related increased renal cytokine expression was not decreased by DPP4 inhibition. Renal DPP4 activity at study end was significantly inhibited in the linagliptin group, but only numerically reduced in the prolonged/dose-adjusted sitagliptin group. Active GLP(-1) plasma levels at study end were increased only in the prolonged/dose-adjusted sitagliptin treatment group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In rats with renal IRI, DPP4 inhibition did not alter plasma cystatin C, a marker of glomerular function, but may protect against tubular damage.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{dePinhoTavaresLealdaSilvaRochaGomesetal.2021,
  author    = {de Pinho Tavares Leal, Pedro Ernesto and da Silva, Alexandre Alves and Rocha-Gomes, Arthur and Riul, Tania Regina and Cunha, Rennan Augusto and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Villela, Daniel Campos},
  title     = {High-Salt Diet in the Pre- and Postweaning Periods Leads to Amygdala Oxidative Stress and Changes in Locomotion and Anxiety-Like Behaviors of Male Wistar Rats},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55743},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557432},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), control-HS (C-HS)—offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11), HS-C—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), and HS-HS—offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PedroErnestodaSilvaRochaGomesetal.2022,
  author    = {Pedro Ernesto, Pinho Tavares Leal and da Silva, Alexandre Alves and Rocha-Gomes, Arthur and Riul, Tania Regina and Cunha, Rennan Augusto and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Villela, Daniel Campos},
  title     = {High-salt diet in the pre- and postweaning periods leads to amygdala oxidative stress and changes in locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors of male wistar rats},
  series = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5153},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnbeh.2021.779080},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {High-salt (HS) diets have recently been linked to oxidative stress in the brain, a fact that may be a precursor to behavioral changes, such as those involving anxiety-like behavior. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the amygdala redox status after consuming a HS diet in the pre- or postweaning periods. This study aimed to evaluate the amygdala redox status and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood, after inclusion of HS diet in two periods: preconception, gestation, and lactation (preweaning); and only after weaning (postweaning). Initially, 18 females and 9 male Wistar rats received a standard (n = 9 females and 4 males) or a HS diet (n = 9 females and 5 males) for 120 days. After mating, females continued to receive the aforementioned diets during gestation and lactation. Weaning occurred at 21-day-old Wistar rats and the male offspring were subdivided: control-control (C-C)-offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), control-HS (C-HS)-offspring of standard diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11), HS-C-offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a standard diet after weaning (n = 9-11), and HS-HS-offspring of HS diet fed dams who received a HS diet after weaning (n = 9-11). At adulthood, the male offspring performed the elevated plus maze and open field tests. At 152-day-old Wistar rats, the offspring were euthanized and the amygdala was removed for redox state analysis. The HS-HS group showed higher locomotion and rearing frequency in the open field test. These results indicate that this group developed hyperactivity. The C-HS group had a higher ratio of entries and time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test in addition to a higher head-dipping frequency. These results suggest less anxiety-like behaviors. In the analysis of the redox state, less activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the amygdala were shown in the amygdala of animals that received a high-salt diet regardless of the period (pre- or postweaning). In conclusion, the high-salt diet promoted hyperactivity when administered in the pre- and postweaning periods. In animals that received only in the postweaning period, the addition of salt induced a reduction in anxiety-like behaviors. Also, regardless of the period, salt provided amygdala oxidative stress, which may be linked to the observed behaviors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DwiPutraReichetzederHasanetal.2020,
  author    = {Dwi Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Slowinski, Torsten and Chu, Chang and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K. and Kleuser, Burkhard and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-51628},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516289},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Being born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with adverse birth outcomes and metabolic diseases in later life of the offspring. It is known that aberrations in growth during gestation are related to altered placental function. Placental function is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated associations between altered patterns of DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes. However, larger studies that reliably investigated global DNA methylation are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation in relationship to size for gestational age. Global DNA methylation was assessed in 1023 placental samples by LC-MS/MS. LGA offspring displayed significantly higher global placental DNA methylation compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA; p<0.001). ANCOVA analyses adjusted for known factors impacting on DNA methylation demonstrated an independent association between placental global DNA methylation and LGA births (p<0.001). Tertile stratification according to global placental DNA methylation levels revealed a significantly higher frequency of LGA births in the third tertile. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for known factors influencing birth weight highlighted an independent positive association between global placental DNA methylation and the frequency of LGA births (p=0.001).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LuReichetzederPrehnetal.2018,
  author    = {Lu, Yong-Ping and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Prehn, Cornelia and Yin, Liang-Hong and Yun, Chen and Zeng, Shufei and Chu, Chang and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Cord blood Lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 is positively associated with birth weight},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {631},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42456},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424566},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Impaired birth outcomes, like low birth weight, have consistently been associated with increased disease susceptibility to hypertension in later life. Alterations in the maternal or fetal metabolism might impact on fetal growth and influence birth outcomes. Discerning associations between the maternal and fetal metabolome and surrogate parameters of fetal growth could give new insight into the complex relationship between intrauterine conditions, birth outcomes, and later life disease susceptibility. Methods: Using flow injection tandem mass spectrometry, targeted metabolomics was performed in serum samples obtained from 226 mother/child pairs at delivery. Associations between neonatal birth weight and concentrations of 163 maternal and fetal metabolites were analyzed. Results: After FDR adjustment using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) 14:0, 16:1, and 18:1 were strongly positively correlated with birth weight. In a stepwise linear regression model corrected for established confounding factors of birth weight, LPC 16: 1 showed the strongest independent association with birth weight (CI: 93.63 - 168.94; P = 6.94x10(-11)). The association with birth weight was stronger than classical confounding factors such as offspring sex (CI: - 258.81- -61.32; P = 0.002) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (CI: -298.74 - -29.51; P = 0.017). Conclusions: After correction for multiple testing and adjustment for potential confounders, LPC 16:1 showed a very strong and independent association with birth weight. The underlying molecular mechanisms linking fetal LPCs with birth weight need to be addressed in future studies. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LuReichetzederPrehnetal.2018,
  author    = {Lu, Yong-Ping and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Prehn, Cornelia and Yin, Liang-Hong and Yun, Chen and Zeng, Shufei and Chu, Chang and Adamski, Jerzy and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Cord blood Lysophosphatidylcholine 16:1 is positively associated with birth weight},
  series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1015-8987},
  doi       = {10.1159/000487118},
  pages     = {614 -- 624},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background/Aims: Impaired birth outcomes, like low birth weight, have consistently been associated with increased disease susceptibility to hypertension in later life. Alterations in the maternal or fetal metabolism might impact on fetal growth and influence birth outcomes. Discerning associations between the maternal and fetal metabolome and surrogate parameters of fetal growth could give new insight into the complex relationship between intrauterine conditions, birth outcomes, and later life disease susceptibility. Methods: Using flow injection tandem mass spectrometry, targeted metabolomics was performed in serum samples obtained from 226 mother/child pairs at delivery. Associations between neonatal birth weight and concentrations of 163 maternal and fetal metabolites were analyzed. Results: After FDR adjustment using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC) 14:0, 16:1, and 18:1 were strongly positively correlated with birth weight. In a stepwise linear regression model corrected for established confounding factors of birth weight, LPC 16: 1 showed the strongest independent association with birth weight (CI: 93.63 - 168.94; P = 6.94x10(-11)). The association with birth weight was stronger than classical confounding factors such as offspring sex (CI: - 258.81- -61.32; P = 0.002) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (CI: -298.74 - -29.51; P = 0.017). Conclusions: After correction for multiple testing and adjustment for potential confounders, LPC 16:1 showed a very strong and independent association with birth weight. The underlying molecular mechanisms linking fetal LPCs with birth weight need to be addressed in future studies. (c) 2018 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DwiPutraReichetzederHasanetal.2020,
  author    = {Dwi Putra, Sulistyo Emantoko and Reichetzeder, Christoph and Hasan, Ahmed Abdallah Abdalrahman Mohamed and Slowinski, Torsten and Chu, Chang and Kr{\"a}mer, Bernhard K. and Kleuser, Burkhard and Hocher, Berthold},
  title     = {Being born large for gestational age is associated with increased global placental DNA methylation},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-020-57725-0},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Being born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) is associated with adverse birth outcomes and metabolic diseases in later life of the offspring. It is known that aberrations in growth during gestation are related to altered placental function. Placental function is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation. Several studies in recent years have demonstrated associations between altered patterns of DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes. However, larger studies that reliably investigated global DNA methylation are lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize global placental DNA methylation in relationship to size for gestational age. Global DNA methylation was assessed in 1023 placental samples by LC-MS/MS. LGA offspring displayed significantly higher global placental DNA methylation compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA; p<0.001). ANCOVA analyses adjusted for known factors impacting on DNA methylation demonstrated an independent association between placental global DNA methylation and LGA births (p<0.001). Tertile stratification according to global placental DNA methylation levels revealed a significantly higher frequency of LGA births in the third tertile. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis corrected for known factors influencing birth weight highlighted an independent positive association between global placental DNA methylation and the frequency of LGA births (p=0.001).},
  language  = {en}
}