@article{HuthPangTewsetal.2022,
  author    = {Huth, Sabrina and Pang, Peter Tsun Ho and Tews, Ingo and Dietrich, Tim and Le F{\`e}vre, Arnaud and Schwenk, Achim and Trautmann, Wolfgang and Agarwal, Kshitij and Bulla, Mattia and Coughlin, Michael W. and Van den Broeck, Chris},
  title     = {Constraining neutron-star matter with microscopic and macroscopic collisions},
  series = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science},
  volume    = {606},
  journal   = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science},
  number    = {7913},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0028-0836},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41586-022-04750-w},
  pages     = {276 -- 295},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Interpreting high-energy, astrophysical phenomena, such as supernova explosions or neutron-star collisions, requires a robust understanding of matter at supranuclear densities. However, our knowledge about dense matter explored in the cores of neutron stars remains limited. Fortunately, dense matter is not probed only in astrophysical observations, but also in terrestrial heavy-ion collision experiments. Here we use Bayesian inference to combine data from astrophysical multi-messenger observations of neutron stars(1-9) and from heavy-ion collisions of gold nuclei at relativistic energies(10,11) with microscopic nuclear theory calculations(12-17) to improve our understanding of dense matter. We find that the inclusion of heavy-ion collision data indicates an increase in the pressure in dense matter relative to previous analyses, shifting neutron-star radii towards larger values, consistent with recent observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer mission(5-8,18). Our findings show that constraints from heavy-ion collision experiments show a remarkable consistency with multi-messenger observations and provide complementary information on nuclear matter at intermediate densities. This work combines nuclear theory, nuclear experiment and astrophysical observations, and shows how joint analyses can shed light on the properties of neutron-rich supranuclear matter over the density range probed in neutron stars.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PangDietrichTewsetal.2020,
  author    = {Pang, Peter Tsun Ho and Dietrich, Tim and Tews, Ingo and Van Den Broeck, Chris},
  title     = {Parameter estimation for strong phase transitions in supranuclear matter using gravitational-wave astronomy},
  series = {Physical review research},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Physical review research},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  address   = {College Park},
  issn      = {2643-1564},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033514},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {At supranuclear densities, explored in the core of neutron stars, a strong phase transition from hadronic matter to more exotic forms of matter might be present. To test this hypothesis, binary neutron-star mergers offer a unique possibility to probe matter at densities that we cannot create in any existing terrestrial experiment. In this work, we show that, if present, strong phase transitions can have a measurable imprint on the binary neutron-star coalescence and the emitted gravitational-wave signal. We construct a new parametrization of the supranuclear equation of state that allows us to test for the existence of a strong phase transition and extract its characteristic properties purely from the gravitational-wave signal of the inspiraling neutron stars. We test our approach using a Bayesian inference study simulating 600 signals with three different equations of state and find that for current gravitational-wave detector networks already 12 events might be sufficient to verify the presence of a strong phase transition. Finally, we use our methodology to analyze GW170817 and GW190425 but do not find any indication that a strong phase transition is present at densities probed during the inspiral.},
  language  = {en}
}