@misc{HetenyiMolinariClintonetal.2018,
  author    = {Hetenyi, Gyorgy and Molinari, Irene and Clinton, John and Bokelmann, Gotz and Bondar, Istvan and Crawford, Wayne C. and Dessa, Jean-Xavier and Doubre, Cecile and Friederich, Wolfgang and Fuchs, Florian and Giardini, Domenico and Graczer, Zoltan and Handy, Mark R. and Herak, Marijan and Jia, Yan and Kissling, Edi and Kopp, Heidrun and Korn, Michael and Margheriti, Lucia and Meier, Thomas and Mucciarelli, Marco and Paul, Anne and Pesaresi, Damiano and Piromallo, Claudia and Plenefisch, Thomas and Plomerova, Jaroslava and Ritter, Joachim and Rumpker, Georg and Sipka, Vesna and Spallarossa, Daniele and Thomas, Christine and Tilmann, Frederik and Wassermann, Joachim and Weber, Michael and Weber, Zoltan and Wesztergom, Viktor and Zivcic, Mladen and Abreu, Rafael and Allegretti, Ivo and Apoloner, Maria-Theresia and Aubert, Coralie and Besancon, Simon and de Berc, Maxime Bes and Brunel, Didier and Capello, Marco and Carman, Martina and Cavaliere, Adriano and Cheze, Jerome and Chiarabba, Claudio and Cougoulat, Glenn and Cristiano, Luigia and Czifra, Tibor and Danesi, Stefania and Daniel, Romuald and Dannowski, Anke and Dasovic, Iva and Deschamps, Anne and Egdorf, Sven and Fiket, Tomislav and Fischer, Kasper and Funke, Sigward and Govoni, Aladino and Groschl, Gidera and Heimers, Stefan and Heit, Ben and Herak, Davorka and Huber, Johann and Jaric, Dejan and Jedlicka, Petr and Jund, Helene and Klingen, Stefan and Klotz, Bernhard and Kolinsky, Petr and Kotek, Josef and Kuhne, Lothar and Kuk, Kreso and Lange, Dietrich and Loos, Jurgen and Lovati, Sara and Malengros, Deny and Maron, Christophe and Martin, Xavier and Massa, Marco and Mazzarini, Francesco and Metral, Laurent and Moretti, Milena and Munzarova, Helena and Nardi, Anna and Pahor, Jurij and Pequegnat, Catherine and Petersen, Florian and Piccinini, Davide and Pondrelli, Silvia and Prevolnik, Snjezan and Racine, Roman and Regnier, Marc and Reiss, Miriam and Salimbeni, Simone and Santulin, Marco and Scherer, Werner and Schippkus, Sven and Schulte-Kortnack, Detlef and Solarino, Stefano and Spieker, Kathrin and Stipcevic, Josip and Strollo, Angelo and Sule, Balint and Szanyi, Gyongyver and Szucs, Eszter and Thorwart, Martin and Ueding, Stefan and Vallocchia, Massimiliano and Vecsey, Ludek and Voigt, Rene and Weidle, Christian and Weyland, Gauthier and Wiemer, Stefan and Wolf, Felix and Wolyniec, David and Zieke, Thomas},
  title     = {The AlpArray seismic network},
  series = {Surveys in Geophysics},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Surveys in Geophysics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  organization    = {ETHZ SED Elect Lab AlpArray Seismic Network Team AlpArray OBS Cruise Crew AlpArray Working Grp},
  issn      = {0169-3298},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10712-018-9472-4},
  pages     = {1009 -- 1033},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The AlpArray programme is a multinational, European consortium to advance our understanding of orogenesis and its relationship to mantle dynamics, plate reorganizations, surface processes and seismic hazard in the Alps-Apennines-Carpathians-Dinarides orogenic system. The AlpArray Seismic Network has been deployed with contributions from 36 institutions from 11 countries to map physical properties of the lithosphere and asthenosphere in 3D and thus to obtain new, high-resolution geophysical images of structures from the surface down to the base of the mantle transition zone. With over 600 broadband stations operated for 2 years, this seismic experiment is one of the largest simultaneously operated seismological networks in the academic domain, employing hexagonal coverage with station spacing at less than 52 km. This dense and regularly spaced experiment is made possible by the coordinated coeval deployment of temporary stations from numerous national pools, including ocean-bottom seismometers, which were funded by different national agencies. They combine with permanent networks, which also required the cooperation of many different operators. Together these stations ultimately fill coverage gaps. Following a short overview of previous large-scale seismological experiments in the Alpine region, we here present the goals, construction, deployment, characteristics and data management of the AlpArray Seismic Network, which will provide data that is expected to be unprecedented in quality to image the complex Alpine mountains at depth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JainWheelerEssetal.2019,
  author    = {Jain, Varun and Wheeler, Joshua J. and Ess, Daniel H. and Noack, Sebastian and Vacogne, Charlotte D. and Schlaad, Helmut and Bahr, Stephan and Dietrich, Paul and Meyer, Michael and Thissen, Andreas and Linford, Matthew R.},
  title     = {Poly(gamma-benzyl l-glutamate), by near-ambient pressure XPS},
  series = {Surface science spectra : SSS : an international journal \& database devoted to archiving spectra from surfaces \& interfaces},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Surface science spectra : SSS : an international journal \& database devoted to archiving spectra from surfaces \& interfaces},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {1055-5269},
  doi       = {10.1116/1.5109121},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Near-ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i. e., at greater than 2500 Pa. In this study, poly(.- benzyl L- glutamate) (PBLG) with a molar mass of 11.3 kg/mol was analyzed by NAP-XPS; here, we show the survey, C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s narrow scans of PBLG. The C 1s peak envelope was fitted in three different ways, to five, six, or seven synthetic peaks. In each fit, there was also a shake-up signal. The O 1s narrow scan was well fit with three peaks: CZO and CvO in a 1:2 ratio from the polymer, and a higher energy signal from water vapor. Hartree-Fock orbital energies of a model monomer served as a guide to an additional fit of the C 1s envelope.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PatelNoackVacogneetal.2019,
  author    = {Patel, Dhananjay I. and Noack, Sebastian and Vacogne, Charlotte D. and Schlaad, Helmut and Bahr, Stephan and Dietrich, Paul and Meyer, Michael and Thissen, Andreas and Linford, Matthew R.},
  title     = {Poly(L-lactic acid), by near-ambient pressure XPS},
  series = {Surface Science Spectra},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Surface Science Spectra},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {1055-5269},
  doi       = {10.1116/1.5110309},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Near ambient pressure - x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at 2500Pa or higher. With NAP-XPS, one can analyze moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission we show C 1s, O 1s, and survey NAP-XPS spectra from poly(L-lactic acid). The C 1s and O 1s envelopes were fit with three and two Gaussian-Lorentzian sum functions, respectively. Water vapor (800Pa) was used as the residual gas for charge compensation, which was confirmed by the sharp peak at 535.0 eV in the O 1s narrow scan. The uniqueness plot corresponding to the C 1s fit shows that the fit parameters had statistical significance. C 1s and O 1s spectra of PLLA damaged by exposure to x-rays for ca. 1 hour are also included. Published by the AVS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DietrichStreeckGlamschetal.2015,
  author    = {Dietrich, Paul M. and Streeck, Cornelia and Glamsch, Stephan and Ehlert, Christopher and Lippitz, Andreas and Nutsch, Andreas and Kulak, Nora and Beckhoff, Burkhard and Unger, W. E. S.},
  title     = {Quantification of Silane Molecules on Oxidized Silicon: Are there Options for a Traceable and Absolute Determination?},
  series = {Analytical chemistry},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Analytical chemistry},
  number    = {19},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0003-2700},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02846},
  pages     = {10117 -- 10124},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Organosilanes are used routinely to functionalize various support materials for further modifications. Nevertheless, reliable quantitative information about surface functional group densities after layer formation is rarely available. Here, we present the analysis of thin organic nanolayers made from nitrogen containing silane molecules on naturally oxidized silicon wafers with reference-free total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXR.F) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An areic density of 2-4 silane molecules per nm(2) was calculated from the layer's nitrogen mass deposition per area unit obtained by reference-free TXRF. Complementary energy and angle-resolved XPS (ER/AR-XPS) in the Si 2p core-level region was used to analyze the outermost surface region of the organic (silane layer)-inorganic (silicon wafer) interface. Different coexisting silicon species as silicon, native silicon oxide, and silane were identified and quantified. As a result of the presented proof-of-concept, absolute and traceable values for the areic density of silanes containing nitrogen as intrinsic marker are obtained by calibration of the XPS methods with reference-free TXRF. Furthermore, ER/AR-XPS is shown to facilitate the determination of areic densities in (mono)layers made from silanes having no heteroatomic marker other than silicon. After calibration with reference-free TXRF, these areic densities of silane molecules can be determined when using the XPS component intensity of the silane's silicon atom.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DietrichGlamschEhlertetal.2016,
  author    = {Dietrich, Paul M. and Glamsch, Stephan and Ehlert, Christopher and Lippitz, Andreas and Kulak, Nora and Unger, Wolfgang E. S.},
  title     = {Synchrotron-radiation XPS analysis of ultra-thin silane films: Specifying the organic silicon},
  series = {Applied surface science : a journal devoted to applied physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces},
  volume    = {363},
  journal   = {Applied surface science : a journal devoted to applied physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0169-4332},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.052},
  pages     = {406 -- 411},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The analysis of chemical and elemental in-depth variations in ultra-thin organic layers with thicknesses below 5 nm is very challenging. Energy- and angle-resolved XPS (ER/AR-XPS) opens up the possibility for non-destructive chemical ultra-shallow depth profiling of the outermost surface layer of ultra-thin organic films due to its exceptional surface sensitivity. For common organic materials a reliable chemical in-depth analysis with a lower limit of the XPS information depth z(95) of about 1 nm can be performed. As a proof-of-principle example with relevance for industrial applications the ER/AR-XPS analysis of different organic monolayers made of amino- or benzamidosilane molecules on silicon oxide surfaces is presented. It is demonstrated how to use the Si 2p core-level region to non-destructively depth-profile the organic (silane monolayer) - inorganic (SiO2/Si) interface and how to quantify Si species, ranging from elemental silicon over native silicon oxide to the silane itself. The main advantage of the applied ER/AR-XPS method is the improved specification of organic from inorganic silicon components in Si 2p core-level spectra with exceptional low uncertainties compared to conventional laboratory XPS. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchroenZachariasWomacketal.2018,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}n, Martin and Zacharias, Steffen and Womack, Gary and K{\"o}hli, Markus and Desilets, Darin and Oswald, Sascha and Bumberger, Jan and Mollenhauer, Hannes and K{\"o}gler, Simon and Remmler, Paul and Kasner, Mandy and Denk, Astrid and Dietrich, Peter},
  title     = {Intercomparison of cosmic-ray neutron sensors and water balance monitoring in an urban environment},
  series = {Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2193-0856},
  doi       = {10.5194/gi-7-83-2018},
  pages     = {83 -- 99},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Sensor-to-sensor variability is a source of error common to all geoscientific instruments that needs to be assessed before comparative and applied research can be performed with multiple sensors. Consistency among sensor systems is especially critical when subtle features of the surrounding terrain are to be identified. Cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) are a recent technology used to monitor hectometre-scale environmental water storages, for which a rigorous comparison study of numerous co-located sensors has not yet been performed. In this work, nine stationary CRNS probes of type "CRS1000" were installed in relative proximity on a grass patch surrounded by trees, buildings, and sealed areas. While the dynamics of the neutron count rates were found to be similar, offsets of a few percent from the absolute average neutron count rates were found. Technical adjustments of the individual detection parameters brought all instruments into good agreement. Furthermore, we found a critical integration time of 6 h above which all sensors showed consistent dynamics in the data and their RMSE fell below 1\% of gravimetric water content. The residual differences between the nine signals indicated local effects of the complex urban terrain on the scale of several metres. Mobile CRNS measurements and spatial simulations with the URANOS neutron transport code in the surrounding area (25 ha) have revealed substantial sub-footprint heterogeneity to which CRNS detectors are sensitive despite their large averaging volume. The sealed and constantly dry structures in the footprint furthermore damped the dynamics of the CRNS-derived soil moisture. We developed strategies to correct for the sealed-area effect based on theoretical insights about the spatial sensitivity of the sensor. This procedure not only led to reliable soil moisture estimation during dry-out periods, it further revealed a strong signal of intercepted water that emerged over the sealed surfaces during rain events. The presented arrangement offered a unique opportunity to demonstrate the CRNS performance in complex terrain, and the results indicated great potential for further applications in urban climate research.},
  language  = {en}
}