@article{HeineltHlepasKuhlmannetal.2017,
  author    = {Heinelt, Hubert and Hlepas, Nikos and Kuhlmann, Sabine and Swianiewicz, Pawel},
  title     = {Local Government Systems},
  series = {Political Leaders and Changing Local Democracy},
  journal   = {Political Leaders and Changing Local Democracy},
  publisher = {Palgrave},
  address   = {Basingstoke},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-67410-0},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-67410-0_2},
  pages     = {19 -- 78},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This chapter looks for main differences among local government systems as well as similarities among them. This has been done by the authors with the aim to grasp the institutional setting in which mayors have to act. The authors did it by updating and extending existing typologies and indices of local government systems. Nevertheless, an extension was first of all necessary with respect to vertical power relations because previous typologies considering them took neither the local government systems in Eastern and Central Europe nor the changes in the Western part of the continent into account. Furthermore, reflections about typologies are extended to the present one on public administration at the municipal level. All this have been underpinned by statistical data, the recent work on a 'Local Autonomy Index' (LAI; see Ladner et al. Measuring Autonomy in 39 Countries (1990-2014), Regional and Federal Studies, 26, 321-357, 2016) and information collected by the partners involved in the survey.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HlepasKerstingKuhlmannetal.2018,
  author    = {Hlepas, Nikos and Kersting, Norbert and Kuhlmann, Sabine and Swianiewicz, Pawel and Teles, Filipe},
  title     = {Introduction: Decentralization beyond the municipal tier},
  series = {Sub-Municipal Governance in Europe},
  journal   = {Sub-Municipal Governance in Europe},
  publisher = {Palgrave},
  address   = {Basingstoke},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-64725-8},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-64725-8_1},
  pages     = {1 -- 24},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In Europe, different countries developed a rich variety of sub-municipal institutions. Out of the plethora of intra- and sub-municipal decentralization forms (reaching from local outposts of city administration to "quasi-federal" structures), this book focuses on territorial sub-municipal units (SMUs) which combine multipurpose territorial responsibility with democratic legitimacy and can be seen as institutions promoting the articulation and realization of collective choices at a sub-municipal level. Country chapters follow a common pattern that is facilitating systematic comparisons, while at the same time leaving enough space for national peculiarities and priorities chosen and highlighted by the authors, who also take advantage of the eventually existing empirical surveys and case studies.},
  language  = {en}
}