@article{CzernitzkiPospisilMusaleketal.2017,
  author    = {Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Pospisil, Christina and Musalek, Martin and Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Analysis of longitudinal data of height z-scores in kindergarten children},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart science publishers},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0708},
  pages     = {109 -- 112},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Changes in body height throughout extended historic periods are very complex and dynamic processes. Thispilot study aimed to investigate the pattern of longitudinal height z-scores changes in children before and after entering kindergarten. In summer 2016, we measured height and weight of 32 children from 4 groups of two kindergartens aged 3-6 years. All ages were centered according to the age of entry into the kindergarten. For each child we determined mean z-scores for height before and after entering the kindergarten, and assessed the variances for each kindergarten group. Twenty-two children targeted in height z-scores towards average height of their respective kindergarten group, 10 children did not. Due to the small numbers, the convergence in height variance however, remained insignificant (chi-squared independence test, p = 0.127). Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pilot study.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReimannBeyerMummetal.2019,
  author    = {Reimann, Anna and Beyer, Rudolf and Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Reference tables with centiles of limb to body height ratios of healthy human adults for assessing potential thalidomide embryopathy},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/0981},
  pages     = {391 -- 400},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background: Over 60 years ago the biggest drug catastrophe in Germany took place. The drug thalidomide, sold by the German pharmaceutical company Chemie Grunenthal GmbH starting in 1957 under the name "Contergan", caused severe birth defects in newborns. Chemie Grunenthal withdraw Contergan in 1961. Until nearly 30 years later in 1988 there were already over 10.000 children born with severe birth defects (e.g. dysmelia, amelia, congenital heart defect). Due to the high variability of the birth defects caused by thalidomide, later called thalidomide embryopathy, there is still no detailed information about the proportions of limbs. Aim: The aim is to develop reference centiles for limb measurements of men and women aged 19-70 years old. Method: For the calculation, data of healthy men and women (m = 2984, f = 2838) from former East Germany were used and centiles using the LMS-method were developed. Results: Centile tables for arm and leg length of men and women are presented in the results. The variability is small due to a homogeneous distribution of the measurements. A test with randomly chosen patient data shows that women under 171 cm stature and men under 180 cm stature can be assessed correctly. A severe shortening of limbs can be detected with this method.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummScheffler2019,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Lack of evidence of nutritional influence on height in four low and middle-income countries},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988},
  pages     = {421 -- 432},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {'Nutrition influences height' has been a common concept for the last decades. Recently, contradictory results occurred when studying the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, questioning the interaction of nutrition and height. Therefore, we hypothesize that, independently of population/country, nutrition does not affect height in children and adolescents. We analyzed data from the study "Young Lives" which was performed in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam to describe the health situation of children. We used linear mixed effect models to analyze the influence of nutrition on height. Furthermore, we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test if the commonly assumed hypothetical interaction of height and nutrition can be supported by data from low and middle-income countries. Estimates for nutrition on height of linear mixed effect models were about zero and randomly significant or non-significant in all analyzed countries. Furthermore, SEM led to the rejection of the 'nutrition influences height'-hypothesis, as data did not support the models based on this hypothesis. We do not find evidence for a nutritional influence on height in children and adolescents from low and middle-income countries. The widespread assumption that inadequate diet is reflected in short stature, which all modern nutritional interventions are based on, needs to be critically reviewed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummCzernitzkiBentsetal.2017,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Bents, Dominik and Musalek, Martin},
  title     = {Socioeconomic situation and growth in infants and juveniles},
  series = {Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0706},
  pages     = {101 -- 107},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Physical growth of children and adolescents depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors e.g. diet and living conditions. Aim: We aim to discuss the influence of socioeconomic situation, using income inequality and GDP per capita as indicators, on body height, body weight and the variability of height and weight in infants and juveniles. Material and methods: We re-analyzed data from 439 growth studies on height and weight published during the last 35 years. We added year-and country-matched GDP per capita (in current US\$) and the Gini coefficient for each study. The data were divided into two age groups: infants (age 2) and juveniles (age 7). We used Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to investigate the data. Results: Gini coefficient negatively correlated with body height and body weight in infants and juveniles. GDP per capita showed a positive correlation with height and weight in both age groups. In infants the standard deviation of height increases with increasing Gini coefficient. The opposite is true for juveniles. A correlation of weight variability and socioeconomic indicators is absent in infants. In juveniles the variability of weight increases with declining Gini coefficient and increasing logGDP per capita. Discussion: Poverty and income inequality are generally associated with poor growth in height and weight. The analysis of the within-population height and weight variations however, shows that the associations between wealth, income, and anthropometric parameters are very complex and cannot be explained by common wisdom. They point towards an independent regulation of height and weight.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummGodinaKozieletal.2018,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Godina, Elena and Koziel, Slawomir and Musalek, Martin and Sedlak, Petr and Wittwer-Backofen, Ursula and Hess, Volker and Dasgupta, Parasmani and Henneberg, Maciej and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {External skeletal robusticity of children and adolescents},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2018/0826},
  pages     = {383 -- 391},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: In our modern world, the way of life in nutritional and activity behaviour has changed. As a consequence, parallel trends of an epidemic of overweight and a decline in external skeletal robusticity are observed in children and adolescents. Aim: We aim to develop reference centiles for external skeletal robusticity of European girls and boys aged 0 to 18 years using the Frame Index as an indicator and identify population specific age-related patterns. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional \& longitudinal data on body height and elbow breadth of boys and girls from Europe (0-18 years, n = 41.679), India (7-18 years, n = 3.297) and South Africa (3-18 years, n = 4.346). As an indicator of external skeletal robusticity Frame Index after Frisancho (1990) was used. We developed centiles for boys and girls using the LMS-method and its extension. Results: Boys have greater external skeletal robusticity than girls. Whereas in girls Frame Index decreases continuously during growth, an increase of Frame Index from 12 to 16 years in European boys can be observed. Indian and South African boys are almost similar in Frame Index to European boys. In girls, the pattern is slightly different. Whereas South African girls are similar to European girls, Indian girls show a lesser external skeletal robusticity. Conclusion: Accurate references for external skeletal robusticity are needed to evaluate if skeletal development is adequate per age. They should be used to monitor effects of changes in way of life and physical activity levels in children and adolescents to avoid negative health outcomes like osteoporosis and arthrosis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MusalekKokstejnPapezetal.2017,
  author    = {Musalek, Martin and Kokstejn, Jakub and Papez, Pavel and Scheffler, Christiane and Mumm, Rebekka and Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska and Koziel, Slawomir},
  title     = {Impact of normal weight obesity on fundamental motor skills in pre-school children aged 3 to 6 years},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Anthropologie},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2017/0752},
  pages     = {203 -- 212},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Normal weight obesity is defined as having excessive body fat, but normal BMI. Even though previous research revealed that excessive body fat in children inhibited their physical activity and decreased motor performance, there has been only little evidence about motor performance of normal weight obese children. This study aims to establish whether normal weight obese pre-school children aged 3-6 years will have a significantly worse level of fundamental motor skills compared to normal weight non-obese counterparts. The research sample consisted of 152 pre-schoolers selected from a specific district of Prague, the Czech Republic. According to values from four skinfolds: triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca, calf, and BMI three categories of children aged 3-6 years were determined: A) normal weight obese n = 51; B) normal weight non-obese n = 52; C) overweight and obese n = 49. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used for the assessment of fundamental motor skills. Normal weight obese children had significantly higher amount of adipose tissue p < 0.001 than normal weight non-obese children but the same average BMI. Moreover, normal weight obese children did not have significantly less amount of subcutaneous fat on triceps and calf compared to their overweight and obese peers. In majority of MABC-2 tests, normal weight obese pre-schoolers showed the poorest performance. Moreover, normal weight obese children had significantly worse total standard score = 38.82 compared to normal weight non-obese peers = 52.27; p < 0.05. In addition, normal weight obese children had a more than three times higher frequency OR = 3.69 CI95\% (1.10; 12.35) of severe motor deficit performance <= 5th centile of the MABC-2 norm. These findings are strongly alarming since indices like BMI are not able to identify normal weight obese individual. We recommend verifying real portion of normal weight obese children as they are probably in higher risk of health and motor problems than overweight and obese population due to their low lean mass.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NavazoOyhenartDahintenetal.2020,
  author    = {Navazo, B{\´a}rbara and Oyhenart, Evelia and Dahinten, Silvia and Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Decrease of external skeletal robustness (Frame Index) between two cohorts of school children living in Puerto Madryn, Argentina at the beginning of the 21st century},
  series = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0003-5548},
  doi       = {10.1127/anthranz/2020/1182},
  pages     = {405 -- 413},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: It has been shown that modern life style with reduced physical activity can lead to lower bone accumulation. Also a decline trend in external skeletal robustness in children and young adolescents, measured by the Frame Index (FI), seems to have a parallel trend with the increase in overweight and obesity. Based on these findings we estimate that likely, the FI should be changed after a decade in the Argentinean population as well as in others population of the world. Thereby, the aim of the present study was to describe, using the FI, the pattern of external skeletal robustness in school children aged 6-14 years from two cohorts of Argentina (Puerto Madryn, Chubut) and to compare them with the European reference (Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Russia). Methods: Elbow breadth and height of Puerto Madryn school children were collected in two cross-sectional studies conducted between 2001-2006 (cohort 1 = C1) and 2014-2016 (cohort 2 = C2). Percentiles (P) values, for males and females, from C1 and C2 were calculated combining the LMSmethod and its extension. A t-test has been used to compare, by age and sex, the FI values between the Argentinean cohorts and the European reference (ER). Then, in order to know the percentage of the variation of the percentiles values between cohorts, as well as with ER, percent differences between means (PDM\%) were employed. Results: FI from Argentinean cohorts differed significantly from ER. Even more, C2 was not only smaller than ER, but also than C1. In males, C1-C2 showed significant differences at 6-8, 11 and 12 years and in females at all ages. Then, respect to ER each Argentinean cohort showed significant differences in males of C1 at 6, 12-14 years and in females at 6 and 11-14 years; and of C2, in both sexes, from 6 to 14 years. The PDM\% values for elbow breadth of male were negative in ER-C1 in all percentiles analyzed; in ER-C2 positive (P3 and P50) and negative (P97) and C1-C2 recorded positive values. In females, elbow breadth showed negative values for ER-C1 (P50 and P97), and positive for the remaining values. Finally, height registered, in both sexes, negative values in ER-C1 (except P97 in females), ER-C2 and C1-C2. Conclusions: After ten years of the first study carried on in Puerto Madryn, school children show a negative trend in the external skeletal robustness. Additionally, the children of both Argentinean cohorts have lower values compared to the European reference, and mainly the actual cohort. This situation would be explained, in part, by the progressive increase over time of overweight and obesity as consequence, among others, of the change in the quantity and/or quality of the food that children have access to and with the physical activity they do at school and outside.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HermanussenPulunganScheffleretal.2019,
  author    = {Hermanussen, Michael and Pulungan, Aman B. and Scheffler, Christiane and Mumm, Rebekka and Rogol, Alan D. and Pop, Raluca and Swanson, James M. and Sonuga-Barke, Edmund and Reimann, Anna and Siniarska-Wolanska, Anna and Musalek, Martin and Bogin, Barry and Boldsen, Jesper L. and Tassenaar, (Vincent) and Groth, Detlef and Liu, Yuk-Chien and Meigen, Christof and Quanjer, Bjorn and Thompson, Kristina and Ozer, Baak Koca and Bryl, Ewa and Mamrot, Paula and Hanc, Tomasz and Koziel, Slawomir and Soderhall, Jani and Gomula, Aleksandra and Banik, Sudip Datta and Roelants, Mathieu and Veldre, Gudrun and Lieberman, Leslie Sue and Sievert, Lynnette Leidy},
  title     = {Meeting Reports},
  series = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Medical Media},
  address   = {Netanya},
  issn      = {1565-4753},
  doi       = {10.17458/per.vol16.2019.hps.mr.26achauersoiree},
  pages     = {383 -- 400},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Thirty-one scientists met at Aschauhof, Germany to discuss the role of beliefs and self-perception on body size. In view of apparent growth stimulatory effects of dominance within the social group that is observed in social mammals, they discussed various aspects of competitive growth strategies and growth adjustments. Presentations included new data from Indonesia, a cohort-based prospective study from Merida, Yucatan, and evidence from recent meta-analyses and patterns of growth in the socially deprived. The effects of stress experienced during pregnancy and adverse childhood events were discussed, as well as obesity in school children, with emphasis on problems when using z-scores in extremely obese children. Aspects were presented on body image in African-American women, and body perception and the disappointments of menopause in view of feelings of attractiveness in different populations. Secular trends in height were presented, including short views on so called 'racial types' vs bio-plasticity, and historic data on early-life nutritional status and later-life socioeconomic outcomes during the Dutch potato famine. New tools for describing body proportions in patients with variable degrees of phocomelia were presented along with electronic growth charts. Bio-statisticians discussed the influence of randomness, community and network structures, and presented novel tools and methods for analyzing social network data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummSchefflerHermanussen2014,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Developing differential height, weight and body mass index references for girls that reflect the impact of the menarche},
  series = {Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child},
  volume    = {103},
  journal   = {Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0803-5253},
  doi       = {10.1111/apa.12625},
  pages     = {e312 -- e316},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Aim Growth is both a matter of amplitude and tempo. We aimed to develop references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) with respect to tempo of maturity. Methods Data obtained from the German KiGGS study (2003-2006) on body height, body weight and presence or absence of the menarche were re-analysed in 3776 girls, aged 10-17years. We developed smoothed centiles for BMI-, body-height- and body-weight-for-age using the LMS method for premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls. Results Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly between premenarcheal and postmenarcheal girls. On average, postmenarcheal girls aged 11-17years were 5.3cm taller and 9.7kg heavier, and their BMI was 2.9kg/m2 higher than in premenarcheal girls of the same calendar age. Conclusion Adolescent BMI rises with calendar age and biological age. New reference charts for adolescent girls aged 10-18years were generated to be inserted into the currently used references to avoid misclassifying underweight and overweight pubertal girls.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HermanussenIpsenMummetal.2016,
  author    = {Hermanussen, Michael and Ipsen, Josefin and Mumm, Rebekka and Assmann, Christian and Quitmann, Julia and Gomula, Aleksandra and Lehmann, Andreas and Jasch, Isabelle and Tassenaar, Vincent and Bogin, Barry and Satake, Takashi and Scheffler, Christiane and Nunez, Javier and Godina, Elena and Hardeland, Ruediger and Boldsen, Jesper L. and El-Shabrawi, Mortada and Elhusseini, Mona and Barbu, Carmen Gabriela and Pop, Ralucca and Soederhaell, Jani and Merker, Andrea and Swanson, James and Groth, Detlef},
  title     = {Stunted Growth. Proceedings of the 23rd Aschauer Soiree, Held at Aschauhof, Germany, November 7th 2015},
  series = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  publisher = {Medical Media},
  address   = {Netanya},
  issn      = {1565-4753},
  pages     = {756 -- 767},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Twenty-four scientists met at Aschauhof, Altenhof, Germany, to discuss the associations between child growth and development, and nutrition, health, environment and psychology. Meta-analyses of body height, height variability and household inequality, in historic and modern growth studies published since 1794, highlighting the enormously flexible patterns of child and adolescent height and weight increments throughout history which do not only depend on genetics, prenatal development, nutrition, health, and economic circumstances, but reflect social interactions. A Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth Questionnaire was presented to cross-culturally assess health-related quality of life in children. Changes of child body proportions in recent history, the relation between height and longevity in historic Dutch samples and also measures of body height in skeletal remains belonged to the topics of this meeting. Bayesian approaches and Monte Carlo simulations offer new statistical tools for the study of human growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummIpsenHermanussen2016,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Ipsen, Marie Josephin and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {The association of weight, weight variability and socioeconomic situation among children},
  series = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0954-3007},
  doi       = {10.1038/ejcn.2016.21},
  pages     = {650 -- 652},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We studied the association of body weight and weight variability among populations from different geographic, historic and socioeconomic background. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We reanalyzed data from 833 growth studies of 78 different countries from 1920 to 2013. We used data from two age groups-infants (age 2 years) and juvenile (age 7 years)-and divided the studies into two geographic-socioeconomic groups. RESULTS: Multiple regressions showed significant interactions between weight, sex, historic year of study, continent and within-study standard deviation. Multiple regression revealed R-2 = 0.256 (P<0.001) at age 2 years and R-2 = 0.478 (P<0.001) at age 7 years. Although infants and juveniles in more affluent countries are heavier than children in less affluent countries (P<0.001), the within-study standard deviation of the two geographic-socioeconomic groups differs at age 7 years (P<0.001) but not at age 2 years (P>0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The general impression that prosperous conditions lead to growth improvements in height and weight appears to be true only at a large scale: wealthy countries have tall and heavy children. At small scale, the situation is different. Whereas economic and nutritional improvements can exhibit substantial effects in weight gains, the discrepancy between the within-population variation in height and weight strongly suggests that height gains and weight gains are subject to different regulations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummHermanussenScheffler2016,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {voice break as the marker of biological age},
  series = {Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child},
  volume    = {105},
  journal   = {Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0803-5253},
  doi       = {10.1111/apa.13488},
  pages     = {e459 -- e463},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Aim: We aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status. Methods: We re-analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10-17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys. Results: Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m(2) higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity-related references led to an average of 5.4\% of boys being falsely classified as overweight.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mumm,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka},
  title     = {Eat and you should grow},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {84},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HermanussenMummRintischetal.2019,
  author    = {Hermanussen, Michael and Mumm, Rebekka and Rintisch, Aileen and Tutkuviene, Janina and Suchomlinov, Andrej and Joubert, K{\´a}lm{\´a}n and Ferrandez Longas, Angel and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Height SDS changes (Delta hSDS) in healthy children from birth to 18 years, with correction factors for measurement intervals of less than one year},
  series = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Medical Media},
  address   = {Netanya},
  issn      = {1565-4753},
  doi       = {10.17458/per.vol16.2019.hmr.heightsdschanges},
  pages     = {457 -- 467},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background: Growth is volatile and non-linear. Assessing the instantaneous speed of growth (momentary height velocity) depends on the precision and the number of measurements and the duration of the observation period. Measurements at short intervals reflect both the non-linearity of growth and the technical error of measurements (TEM). Material: We reanalyzed longitudinal measurements of body length at age 0, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months, from 1879 healthy infants (956 girls, 923 boys) from France (180 girls, 173 boys), Vilnius, Lithuania (507 girls, 507 boys), Lublin, Poland (67 girls, 56 boys), Zurich, Switzerland (94 girls, 102 boys) and Spain (108 girls, 95 boys); and longitudinal measurements of annual body height from age 2 to 18 years from 1528 healthy children and adolescents (774 girls, 754 boys) from France (41 girls, 47 boys), Vilnius, Lithuania (23 girls, 27 boys), Lublin, Poland (70 girls, 58 boys), Zurich, Switzerland (111 girls, 120 boys), Spain (94 girls, 74 boys), the Czech Republic (65 girls, 69 boys), Hungary (316 girls, 320 boys), and Berkeley, USA (54 girls, 39 boys). Results: We calculated age- and sex-specific mean values for height and SD for height separately for each country. In addition, we defined the instantaneous speed of growth by the dhSDS(t) difference of two measures of hSDS (v(hSDS(t)) = Delta hSDS(t)/t), or in the case of multiple measurements, by the slope of the linear regression (BhSDS((t))). Based on the longitudinal measurements of body length, we present reference values for annual growth velocity given in the form of SD of annual hSDS changes (Delta hSDS), from birth to maturity. Correction factors are added for validating measurements obtained at intervals of less than one year. The correction factors depend on number of measurements, and duration of the observation period.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KozielSchefflerTutkuvieneetal.2018,
  author    = {Koziel, Slawomir and Scheffler, Christiane and Tutkuviene, Janina and Jakimaviciene, Egle Marija and Mumm, Rebekka and Barbieri, Davide and Godina, Elena and El-Shabrawi, Mortada and Elhusseini, Mona and Musalek, Martin and Pruszkowska-Przybylska, Paulina and El Dash, Hanaa H. and Safar, Hebatalla Hassan and Lehmann, Andreas and Swanson, James and Bogin, Barry and Liu, Yuk-Chien and Groth, Detlef and Kirchengast, Sylvia and Siniarska, Anna and Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna and Kralik, Miroslav and Satake, Takashi and Harc, Tomasz and Roelants, Mathieu and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Meeting Report: Growth and social environment},
  series = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Medical Media},
  address   = {Netanya},
  issn      = {1565-4753},
  doi       = {10.17458/per.vol15.2018.ksh.mr.GrowthSocialEnvironment},
  pages     = {319 -- 329},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Twenty-two scientists met at Krobielowice, Poland, to discuss the impact of the social environment, spatial proximity, migration, poverty, but also psychological factors such as body perception and satisfaction, and social stressors such as elite sports, and teenage pregnancies, on child and adolescent growth. The data analysis included linear mixed effects models with different random effects, Monte Carlo analyses, and network simulations. The work stressed the importance of the peer group, but also included historic material, some considerations about body proportions, and growth in chronic liver, and congenital heart disease.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MummSchefflerHermanussen2022,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Locally structured correlation (LSC) plots describe inhomogeneity in normally distributed correlated bivariate variables},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1319},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58877},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588777},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background The association between bivariate variables may not necessarily be homogeneous throughout the whole range of the variables. We present a new technique to describe inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables. Methods We consider the correlation of two normally distributed random variables. The 45° diagonal through the origin of coordinates represents the line on which all points would lie if the two variables completely agreed. If the two variables do not completely agree, the points will scatter on both sides of the diagonal and form a cloud. In case of a high association between the variables, the band width of this cloud will be narrow, in case of a low association, the band width will be wide. The band width directly relates to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. We then determine the Euclidean distances between the diagonal and each point of the bivariate correlation, and rotate the coordinate system clockwise by 45°. The standard deviation of all Euclidean distances, named "global standard deviation", reflects the band width of all points along the former diagonal. Calculating moving averages of the standard deviation along the former diagonal results in "locally structured standard deviations" and reflect patterns of "locally structured correlations (LSC)". LSC highlight inhomogeneity of bivariate correlations. We exemplify this technique by analyzing the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip circumference (HC) in 6313 healthy East German adults aged 18 to 70 years. Results The correlation between BMI and HC in healthy adults is not homogeneous. LSC is able to identify regions where the predictive power of the bivariate correlation between BMI and HC increases or decreases, and highlights in our example that slim people have a higher association between BMI and HC than obese people. Conclusion Locally structured correlations (LSC) identify regions of higher or lower than average correlation between two normally distributed variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummSchefflerHermanussen2022,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Locally structured correlation (LSC) plots describe inhomogeneity in normally distributed correlated bivariate variables},
  series = {Archives of Public Health},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Archives of Public Health},
  publisher = {Springer Nature BMC},
  address   = {Bruxelles},
  issn      = {0778-7367},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13690-021-00748-4},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background The association between bivariate variables may not necessarily be homogeneous throughout the whole range of the variables. We present a new technique to describe inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables. Methods We consider the correlation of two normally distributed random variables. The 45° diagonal through the origin of coordinates represents the line on which all points would lie if the two variables completely agreed. If the two variables do not completely agree, the points will scatter on both sides of the diagonal and form a cloud. In case of a high association between the variables, the band width of this cloud will be narrow, in case of a low association, the band width will be wide. The band width directly relates to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. We then determine the Euclidean distances between the diagonal and each point of the bivariate correlation, and rotate the coordinate system clockwise by 45°. The standard deviation of all Euclidean distances, named "global standard deviation", reflects the band width of all points along the former diagonal. Calculating moving averages of the standard deviation along the former diagonal results in "locally structured standard deviations" and reflect patterns of "locally structured correlations (LSC)". LSC highlight inhomogeneity of bivariate correlations. We exemplify this technique by analyzing the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip circumference (HC) in 6313 healthy East German adults aged 18 to 70 years. Results The correlation between BMI and HC in healthy adults is not homogeneous. LSC is able to identify regions where the predictive power of the bivariate correlation between BMI and HC increases or decreases, and highlights in our example that slim people have a higher association between BMI and HC than obese people. Conclusion Locally structured correlations (LSC) identify regions of higher or lower than average correlation between two normally distributed variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummSchefflerHermanussen2022,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Scheffler, Christiane and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Locally structured correlation (LSC) plots describe inhomogeneity in normally distributed correlated bivariate variables},
  series = {Archives of public health = Archives belges de sant{\´e} publique = Belgisch archief voor volksgezondheid},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Archives of public health = Archives belges de sant{\´e} publique = Belgisch archief voor volksgezondheid},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {BMC},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0778-7367},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13690-021-00748-4},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background The association between bivariate variables may not necessarily be homogeneous throughout the whole range of the variables. We present a new technique to describe inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables. Methods We consider the correlation of two normally distributed random variables. The 45 degrees diagonal through the origin of coordinates represents the line on which all points would lie if the two variables completely agreed. If the two variables do not completely agree, the points will scatter on both sides of the diagonal and form a cloud. In case of a high association between the variables, the band width of this cloud will be narrow, in case of a low association, the band width will be wide. The band width directly relates to the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. We then determine the Euclidean distances between the diagonal and each point of the bivariate correlation, and rotate the coordinate system clockwise by 45 degrees. The standard deviation of all Euclidean distances, named "global standard deviation", reflects the band width of all points along the former diagonal. Calculating moving averages of the standard deviation along the former diagonal results in "locally structured standard deviations" and reflect patterns of "locally structured correlations (LSC)". LSC highlight inhomogeneity of bivariate correlations. We exemplify this technique by analyzing the association between body mass index (BMI) and hip circumference (HC) in 6313 healthy East German adults aged 18 to 70 years. Results The correlation between BMI and HC in healthy adults is not homogeneous. LSC is able to identify regions where the predictive power of the bivariate correlation between BMI and HC increases or decreases, and highlights in our example that slim people have a higher association between BMI and HC than obese people. Conclusion Locally structured correlations (LSC) identify regions of higher or lower than average correlation between two normally distributed variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AzcorraDickinsonMendezDominguezetal.2022,
  author    = {Azcorra, Hugo and Dickinson, Federico and Mendez-Dominguez, Nina and Mumm, Rebekka and Valent{\´i}n, Graciela},
  title     = {Development of birthweight and length for gestational age and sex references in Yucatan, Mexico},
  series = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-0533},
  doi       = {10.1002/ajhb.23732},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective To develop sex- and gestational age specific reference percentiles and curves for birth weight and length for Yucatec neonates using data from birth registers of infants born during 2015-2019. Material and methods Observational, descriptive, epidemiologic study in a 5-year period including every registered birth in the state of Yucatan, Mexico using birth registries. A total of 158 432 live, physically healthy singletons (76 442 females and 81 990 males) between 25 and 42 weeks of gestation were included in the analysis. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed reference centiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 97th) and curves for males and females separately. Results Mean maternal age was 26 (SD = 6.22) years. Fifty-two percent of births occurred by vaginal delivery, 37\% were firstborn and similar proportions were second (33\%) and third or more (30\%) born. 5.5\% of newborns included in the references corresponds to neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation (5.9\% boys and 5.1\% girls). In both sexes, the percentage of infants with a birthweight less than 2500 g was 6.7\%. The birthweight at the 50th percentile for males and females at 40 weeks of gestation in this cohort was 3256 and 3167 g, respectively, and the corresponding values for birth length were 50.23 and 49.84 cm (mean differences between sexes: 89 g and 0.40 cm, respectively). Conclusion The reference percentile and curves developed in this study are useful for research purposes and can help health practitioners to assess the biological status of infants born in Yucatan.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RebekkaMummReimannScheffler2021,
  author    = {Rebekka Mumm, and Reimann, Anna and Scheffler, Christiane},
  title     = {Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies - a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI},
  series = {Human Biology and Public Health},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Human Biology and Public Health},
  number    = {1},
  editor    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Koziel, Slawomir and Hermanussen, Michael and Bogin, Barry},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v1.3},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of \% body fat (\%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called "hidden obesity". Objectives We aim to approximate \%BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the "\%BF estimator", to estimate \%BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in \%BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in \%BF. The developed tool "\%BF estimator" allows the estimation of \%BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The "\%BF estimator" is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of \%BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchefflerRogolIancuetal.2021,
  author    = {Scheffler, Christiane and Rogol, Alan D. and Iancu, Mirela and Hanc, Tomasz and Moelyo, Annang Giri and Suchomlinov, Andrej and Lebedeva, Lidia and Limony, Yehuda and Musalek, Martin and Veldre, Gudrun and Godina, Elena Z. and Kirchengast, Sylvia and Mumm, Rebekka and Groth, Detlef and Tutkuviene, Janina and B{\"o}ker, Sonja and Ozer, Basak Koca and Navazo, Barbara and Spake, Laure and Koziel, Slawomir and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {Growth during times of fear and emotional stress},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Twenty-one scientists met for this year's virtual conference on Auxology held at the University Potsdam, Germany, to discuss child and adolescent growth during times of fear and emotional stress. Growth within the broad range of normal for age and sex is considered a sign of good general health whereas fear and emotional stress can lead to growth faltering. Stunting is a sign of social disadvantage and poor parental education. Adverse childhood experiences affect child development, particularly in families with low parental education and low socioeconomic status. Negative effects were also shown in Indian children exposed prenatally and in early postnatal life to the cyclone Aila in 2009. Distrust, fears and fake news regarding the current Corona pandemic received particular attention though the effects generally appeared weak. Mean birth weight was higher; rates of low, very and extremely low birth weight were lower. Other topics discussed by the participants, were the influences of economic crises on birth weight, the measurement of self-confidence and its impact on growth, the associations between obesity, peer relationship, and behavior among Turkish adolescents, height trends in Indonesia, physiological neonatal weight loss, methods for assessing biological maturation in sportsmen, and a new method for skeletal age determination. The participants also discussed the association between acute myocardial infarction and somatotype in Estonia, rural-urban growth differences in Mongolian children, socio-environmental conditions and sexual dimorphism, biological mortality bias, and new statistical techniques for describing inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables, and for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummHermanussen2022,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {The dilemma of misclassifying weight in short and in historic population},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {3, Summer School Supplement},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph2021.3.28},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Clinicians often refer anthropometric measures of a child to so-called "growth standards" and "growth references. Over 140 countries have meanwhile adopted WHO growth standards. Objectives: The present study was conducted to thoroughly examine the idea of growth standards as a common yardstick for all populations. Weight depends on height. We became interested in whether also weight-for-height depends on height. First, we studied the age-group effect on weight-for-height. Thereafter, we tested the applicability of weight-for-height references in short and in historic populations. Sample and Methods: We analyzed body height and body weight and weight-for-height of 3795 healthy boys and 3726 healthy girls aged 2 to 5 years measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990. We chose contemporary height and weight charts from Germany, the UK, and the WHO growth chart and compared these with three geographically commensurable growth charts from the end of the 19th century. Results: We analyzed body height and body weight and weight-for-height of 3795 healthy boys and 3726 healthy girls aged 2 to 5 years measured in East-Germany between 1986 and 1990. We chose contemporary height and weight charts from Germany, the UK, and the WHO growth chart and compared these with three geographically commensurable growth charts of the end of the 19th century. Conclusion: Weight-for-height depends on age and sex and apart from the nutritional state, reflects body proportion and body built particularly during infancy and early childhood. Populations with a relatively short average height are prone to high values of weight-for-height for arithmetic reasons independent of the nutritional state.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MummHermanussen2021,
  author    = {Mumm, Rebekka and Hermanussen, Michael},
  title     = {A short note on the BMI and on secular changes in BMI},
  series = {Human biology and public health},
  journal   = {Human biology and public health},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {2748-9957},
  doi       = {10.52905/hbph.v2.17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Human size changes over time with worldwide secular trends in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). There is general agreement to relate the state of nutrition to height and weight, and to ratios of weight-to-height. The BMI is a ratio. It is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. Yet, the BMI is inappropriate to provide any immediate information on body composition. It is accepted that the BMI is "a simple index to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults". It is stated that "policies, programmes and investments need to be "nutrition-sensitive", which means they must have positive impacts on nutrition". It is also stated that "a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions". But these statements are neither warranted by arithmetic considerations, nor by historic evidence. Measuring the BMI is an appropriate screening tool for detecting an unusual weight-to-height ratio, but the BMI is an inappropriate tool for estimating body composition, or suggesting medical and health policy decisions.},
  language  = {en}
}