@article{JacquesBornhorstSoaresetal.2019,
  author    = {Jacques, Mauricio Tavares and Bornhorst, Julia and Soares, Marcell Valandro and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Garcia, Solange and Avila, Daiana Silva},
  title     = {Reprotoxicity of glyphosate-based formulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is not due to the active ingredient only},
  series = {Environmental pollution},
  volume    = {252},
  journal   = {Environmental pollution},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0269-7491},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.099},
  pages     = {1854 -- 1862},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Pesticides guarantee us high productivity in agriculture, but the long-term costs have proved too high. Acute and chronic intoxication of humans and animals, contamination of soil, water and food are the consequences of the current demand and sales of these products. In addition, pesticides such as glyphosate are sold in commercial formulations which have inert ingredients, substances with unknown composition and proportion. Facing this scenario, toxicological studies that investigate the interaction between the active principle and the inert ingredients are necessary. The following work proposed comparative toxicology studies between glyphosate and its commercial formulation using the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. Worms were exposed to different concentrations of the active ingredient (glyphosate in monoisopropylamine salt) and its commercial formulation. Reproductive capacity was evaluated through brood size, morphological analysis of oocytes and through the MD701 strain (bcIs39), which allows the visualization of germ cells in apoptosis. In addition, the metal composition in the commercial formulation was analyzed by ICP-MS. Only the commercial formulation of glyphosate showed significant negative effects on brood size, body length, oocyte size, and the number of apoptotic cells. Metal analysis showed the presence of Hg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the commercial formulation, which did not cause reprotoxicity at the concentrations found. However, metals can bio-accumulate in soil and water and cause environmental impacts. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of inert ingredients increased the toxic profile of the active ingredient glyphosate in C. elegans, which reinforces the need of components description in the product labels. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhnTavaresJacquesTeixeiraetal.2021,
  author    = {Kuhn, Eug{\^e}nia Carla and Tavares Jacques, Maur{\´i}cio and Teixeira, Daniela and Meyer, S{\"o}ren and Gralha, Thiago and Roehrs, Rafael and Camargo, Sandro and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Bornhorst, Julia and {\´A}vila, Daiana Silva},
  title     = {Ecotoxicological assessment of Uruguay River and affluents pre- and biomonitoring},
  series = {Environmental science and pollution research : ESPR},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Environmental science and pollution research : ESPR},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0944-1344},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11356-020-11986-4},
  pages     = {21730 -- 21741},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety.},
  language  = {en}
}