@article{HartmannLaubrockFischer2018, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Laubrock, Jochen and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {The visual number world}, series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, volume = {71}, journal = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1080/17470218.2016.1240812}, pages = {28 -- 36}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In the domain of language research, the simultaneous presentation of a visual scene and its auditory description (i.e., the visual world paradigm) has been used to reveal the timing of mental mechanisms. Here we apply this rationale to the domain of numerical cognition in order to explore the differences between fast and slow arithmetic performance, and to further study the role of spatial-numerical associations during mental arithmetic. We presented 30 healthy adults simultaneously with visual displays containing four numbers and with auditory addition and subtraction problems. Analysis of eye movements revealed that participants look spontaneously at the numbers they currently process (operands, solution). Faster performance was characterized by shorter latencies prior to fixating the relevant numbers and fewer revisits to the first operand while computing the solution. These signatures of superior task performance were more pronounced for addition and visual numbers arranged in ascending order, and for subtraction and numbers arranged in descending order (compared to the opposite pairings). Our results show that the visual number world-paradigm provides on-line access to the mind during mental arithmetic, is able to capture variability in arithmetic performance, and is sensitive to visual layout manipulations that are otherwise not reflected in response time measurements.}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannFischerMast2019, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Fischer, Martin H. and Mast, Fred Walter}, title = {Sharing a mental number line across individuals? The role of body position and empathy in joint numerical cognition}, series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, volume = {72}, journal = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1177/1747021818809254}, pages = {1732 -- 1740}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A growing body of research shows that the human brain acts differently when performing a task together with another person than when performing the same task alone. In this study, we investigated the influence of a co-actor on numerical cognition using a joint random number generation (RNG) task. We found that participants generated relatively smaller numbers when they were located to the left (vs. right) of a co-actor (Experiment 1), as if the two individuals shared a mental number line and predominantly selected numbers corresponding to their relative body position. Moreover, the mere presence of another person on the left or right side or the processing of numbers from loudspeaker on the left or right side had no influence on the magnitude of generated numbers (Experiment 2), suggesting that a bias in RNG only emerged during interpersonal interactions. Interestingly, the effect of relative body position on RNG was driven by participants with high trait empathic concern towards others, pointing towards a mediating role of feelings of sympathy for joint compatibility effects. Finally, the spatial bias emerged only after the co-actors swapped their spatial position, suggesting that joint spatial representations are constructed only after the spatial reference frame became salient. In contrast to previous studies, our findings cannot be explained by action co-representation because the consecutive production of numbers does not involve conflict at the motor response level. Our results therefore suggest that spatial reference coding, rather than motor mirroring, can determine joint compatibility effects. Our results demonstrate how physical properties of interpersonal situations, such as the relative body position, shape seemingly abstract cognition.}, language = {en} } @misc{PeterAndersenHartmannetal.1992, author = {Peter, Martin G. and Andersen, Svend Olav and Hartmann, Rudolf and Miessner, Merle and Roepstorff, Peter}, title = {Catecholamine-protein conjugates : isolation of 4-phenylphenoxazin-2-ones from oxidative coupling of N-acetyldopamine with alipathic amino acids}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17571}, year = {1992}, abstract = {4-Phenylphenoxazinones were isolated after biomimetic oxidation, using diphenoloxidases of insect cuticle, mushroom tyrosinase, or after autoxidation of N-acetyldopamine (Image ) in the presence of β-alanine, β-alanine methyl ester or N-acetyl-L-lysine. They are formed presumably by addition of 2-aminoalkyl-5-alkylphenols to the o-quinone of biphenyltetrol which, in turn, arises from oxidative coupling of. The structures of present the first examples for the assembly of reasonably stable intermediates in the rather complex process of chemical modifications of aliphatic amino acid residues by o-quinones.}, language = {en} } @article{YangGuehrVecchioneetal.2016, author = {Yang, Jie and G{\"u}hr, Markus and Vecchione, Theodore and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Li, Renkai and Hartmann, Nick and Shen, Xiaozhe and Coffee, Ryan and Corbett, Jeff and Fry, Alan and Gaffney, Kelly and Gorkhover, Tais and Hast, Carsten and Jobe, Keith and Makasyuk, Igor and Reid, Alexander and Robinson, Joseph and Vetter, Sharon and Wang, Fenglin and Weathersby, Stephen and Yoneda, Charles and Centurion, Martin and Wang, Xijie}, title = {Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nitrogen molecules with femtosecond megaelectronvolt electron pulses}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {7}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms11232}, pages = {9}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Imaging changes in molecular geometries on their natural femtosecond timescale with sub-Angstrom spatial precision is one of the critical challenges in the chemical sciences, as the nuclear geometry changes determine the molecular reactivity. For photoexcited molecules, the nuclear dynamics determine the photoenergy conversion path and efficiency. Here we report a gas-phase electron diffraction experiment using megaelectronvolt (MeV) electrons, where we captured the rotational wavepacket dynamics of nonadiabatically laser-aligned nitrogen molecules. We achieved a combination of 100 fs root-mean-squared temporal resolution and sub-Angstrom (0.76 angstrom) spatial resolution that makes it possible to resolve the position of the nuclei within the molecule. In addition, the diffraction patterns reveal the angular distribution of the molecules, which changes from prolate (aligned) to oblate (anti-aligned) in 300 fs. Our results demonstrate a significant and promising step towards making atomically resolved movies of molecular reactions.}, language = {en} } @misc{YangGuehrVecchioneetal.2016, author = {Yang, Jie and Guehr, Markus and Vecchione, Theodore and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Li, Renkai and Hartmann, Nick and Shen, Xiaozhe and Coffee, Ryan and Corbett, Jeff and Fry, Alan and Gaffney, Kelly and Gorkhover, Tais and Hast, Carsten and Jobe, Keith and Makasyuk, Igor and Reid, Alexander and Robinson, Joseph and Vetter, Sharon and Wang, Fenglin and Weathersby, Stephen and Yoneda, Charles and Wang, Xijie and Centurion, Martin}, title = {Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394989}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present results on ultrafast gas electron diffraction (UGED) experiments with femtosecond resolution using the MeV electron gun at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. UGED is a promising method to investigate molecular dynamics in the gas phase because electron pulses can probe the structure with a high spatial resolution. Until recently, however, it was not possible for UGED to reach the relevant timescale for the motion of the nuclei during a molecular reaction. Using MeV electron pulses has allowed us to overcome the main challenges in reaching femtosecond resolution, namely delivering short electron pulses on a gas target, overcoming the effect of velocity mismatch between pump laser pulses and the probe electron pulses, and maintaining a low timing jitter. At electron kinetic energies above 3 MeV, the velocity mismatch between laser and electron pulses becomes negligible. The relativistic electrons are also less susceptible to temporal broadening due to the Coulomb force. One of the challenges of diffraction with relativistic electrons is that the small de Broglie wavelength results in very small diffraction angles. In this paper we describe the new setup and its characterization, including capturing static diffraction patterns of molecules in the gas phase, finding time-zero with sub-picosecond accuracy and first time-resolved diffraction experiments. The new device can achieve a temporal resolution of 100 fs root-mean-square, and sub-angstrom spatial resolution. The collimation of the beam is sufficient to measure the diffraction pattern, and the transverse coherence is on the order of 2 nm. Currently, the temporal resolution is limited both by the pulse duration of the electron pulse on target and by the timing jitter, while the spatial resolution is limited by the average electron beam current and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. We also discuss plans for improving both the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution.}, language = {en} } @article{YangGuehrVecchioneetal.2016, author = {Yang, Jie and G{\"u}hr, Markus and Vecchione, Theodore and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Li, Renkai and Hartmann, Nick and Shen, Xiaozhe and Coffee, Ryan and Corbett, Jeff and Fry, Alan and Gaffney, Kelly and Gorkhover, Tais and Hast, Carsten and Jobe, Keith and Makasyuk, Igor and Reid, Alexander and Robinson, Joseph and Vetter, Sharon and Wang, Fenglin and Weathersby, Stephen and Yoneda, Charles and Wang, Xijie and Centurion, Martin}, title = {Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons}, series = {Faraday discussions}, volume = {194}, journal = {Faraday discussions}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1359-6640}, doi = {10.1039/c6fd00071a}, pages = {563 -- 581}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present results on ultrafast gas electron diffraction (UGED) experiments with femtosecond resolution using the MeV electron gun at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. UGED is a promising method to investigate molecular dynamics in the gas phase because electron pulses can probe the structure with a high spatial resolution. Until recently, however, it was not possible for UGED to reach the relevant timescale for the motion of the nuclei during a molecular reaction. Using MeV electron pulses has allowed us to overcome the main challenges in reaching femtosecond resolution, namely delivering short electron pulses on a gas target, overcoming the effect of velocity mismatch between pump laser pulses and the probe electron pulses, and maintaining a low timing jitter. At electron kinetic energies above 3 MeV, the velocity mismatch between laser and electron pulses becomes negligible. The relativistic electrons are also less susceptible to temporal broadening due to the Coulomb force. One of the challenges of diffraction with relativistic electrons is that the small de Broglie wavelength results in very small diffraction angles. In this paper we describe the new setup and its characterization, including capturing static diffraction patterns of molecules in the gas phase, finding time-zero with sub-picosecond accuracy and first time-resolved diffraction experiments. The new device can achieve a temporal resolution of 100 fs root-mean-square, and sub-angstrom spatial resolution. The collimation of the beam is sufficient to measure the diffraction pattern, and the transverse coherence is on the order of 2 nm. Currently, the temporal resolution is limited both by the pulse duration of the electron pulse on target and by the timing jitter, while the spatial resolution is limited by the average electron beam current and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. We also discuss plans for improving both the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution.}, language = {en} } @article{YangGuehrShenetal.2016, author = {Yang, Jie and Guehr, Markus and Shen, Xiaozhe and Li, Renkai and Vecchione, Theodore and Coffee, Ryan and Corbett, Jeff and Fry, Alan and Hartmann, Nick and Hast, Carsten and Hegazy, Kareem and Jobe, Keith and Makasyuk, Igor and Robinson, Joseph and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Vetter, Sharon and Weathersby, Stephen and Yoneda, Charles and Wang, Xijie and Centurion, Martin}, title = {Diffractive Imaging of Coherent Nuclear Motion in Isolated Molecules}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {117}, journal = {Physical review letters}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.153002}, pages = {6}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Observing the motion of the nuclear wave packets during a molecular reaction, in both space and time, is crucial for understanding and controlling the outcome of photoinduced chemical reactions. We have imaged the motion of a vibrational wave packet in isolated iodine molecules using ultrafast electron diffraction with relativistic electrons. The time-varying interatomic distance was measured with a precision 0.07 angstrom and temporal resolution of 230 fs full width at half maximum. The method is not only sensitive to the position but also the shape of the nuclear wave packet.}, language = {en} } @article{HuebenerKruszynskaHartmannetal.2009, author = {H{\"u}bener, Robert and Kruszynska, Caroline and Hartmann, Lorenz and Duer, Wolfgang and Verstraete, Frank and Eisert, Jens and Plenio, Martin B.}, title = {Renormalization algorithm with graph enhancement}, issn = {1050-2947}, doi = {10.1103/Physreva.79.022317}, year = {2009}, abstract = {We introduce a class of variational states to describe quantum many-body systems. This class generalizes matrix product states which underlie the density-matrix renormalization-group approach by combining them with weighted graph states. States within this class may (i) possess arbitrarily long-ranged two-point correlations, (ii) exhibit an arbitrary degree of block entanglement entropy up to a volume law, (iii) be taken translationally invariant, while at the same time (iv) local properties and two-point correlations can be computed efficiently. This variational class of states can be thought of as being prepared from matrix product states, followed by commuting unitaries on arbitrary constituents, hence truly generalizing both matrix product and weighted graph states. We use this class of states to formulate a renormalization algorithm with graph enhancement and present numerical examples, demonstrating that improvements over density-matrix renormalization-group simulations can be achieved in the simulation of ground states and quantum algorithms. Further generalizations, e.g., to higher spatial dimensions, are outlined.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerHartmann2014, author = {Fischer, Martin H. and Hartmann, Matthias}, title = {Pushing forward in embodied cognition: may we mouse the mathematical mind?}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01315}, pages = {4}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Freely available software has popularized "mousetracking" to study cognitive processing; this involves the on-line recording of cursor positions while participants move a computer mouse to indicate their choice. Movement trajectories of the cursor can then be reconstructed off-line to assess the efficiency of responding in time and across space. Here we focus on the process of selecting among alternative numerical responses. Several studies have recently measured the mathematical mind with cursor movements while people decided about number magnitude or parity, computed sums or differences, or simply located numbers on a number line. After some general methodological considerations about mouse tracking we discuss several conceptual concerns that become particularly evident when "mousing" the mathematical mind.}, language = {en} } @article{HuebenerKruszynskaHartmannetal.2011, author = {H{\"u}bener, Robert and Kruszynska, Caroline and Hartmann, Lorenz and Duer, Wolfgang and Plenio, Martin B. and Eisert, Jens}, title = {Tensor network methods with graph enhancement}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {84}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {12}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1098-0121}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.84.125103}, pages = {24}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We present applications of the renormalization algorithm with graph enhancement (RAGE). This analysis extends the algorithms and applications given for approaches based on matrix product states introduced in [Phys. Rev. A 79, 022317 (2009)] to other tensor-network states such as the tensor tree states (TTS) and projected entangled pair states. We investigate the suitability of the bare TTS to describe ground states, showing that the description of certain graph states and condensed-matter models improves. We investigate graph-enhanced tensor-network states, demonstrating that in some cases (disturbed graph states and for certain quantum circuits) the combination of weighted graph states with TTS can greatly improve the accuracy of the description of ground states and time-evolved states. We comment on delineating the boundary of the classically efficiently simulatable states of quantum many-body systems.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{HartmannFischer2014, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Pupillometry: The eyes shed fresh light on the mind}, series = {Current biology}, volume = {24}, journal = {Current biology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Cell Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0960-9822}, doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.028}, pages = {R281 -- R282}, year = {2014}, language = {en} } @misc{HartmannMastFischer2015, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Mast, Fred W. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Spatial biases during mental arithmetic}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {426}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406504}, pages = {8}, year = {2015}, abstract = {While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized that mental addition leads to rightward and upward shifts of spatial attention (along the "mental number line"), whereas subtraction leads to leftward and downward shifts. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing spontaneous eye movements during mental arithmetic. Participants solved verbally presented arithmetic problems (e.g., 2 + 7, 8-3) aloud while looking at a blank screen. We found that eye movements reflected spatial biases in the ongoing mental operation: Gaze position shifted more upward when participants solved addition compared to subtraction problems, and the horizontal gaze position was partly determined by the magnitude of the operands. Interestingly, the difference between addition and subtraction trials was driven by the operator (plus vs. minus) but was not influenced by the computational process. Thus, our results do not support the idea of a mental movement toward the solution during arithmetic but indicate a semantic association between operation and space.}, language = {en} } @misc{HartmannFischer2016, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Exploring the numerical mind by eye-tracking: a special issue}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {80}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-016-0759-0}, pages = {325 -- 333}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannMastFischer2016, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Mast, Fred W. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Counting is a spatial process: evidence from eye movements}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {80}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-015-0722-5}, pages = {399 -- 409}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Spatial-numerical associations (small numbers-left/lower space and large numbers-right/upper space) are regularly found in simple number categorization tasks. These associations were taken as evidence for a spatially oriented mental number line. However, the role of spatial-numerical associations during more complex number processing, such as counting or mental arithmetic is less clear. Here, we investigated whether counting is associated with a movement along the mental number line. Participants counted aloud upward or downward in steps of 3 for 45 s while looking at a blank screen. Gaze position during upward counting shifted rightward and upward, while the pattern for downward counting was less clear. Our results, therefore, confirm the hypothesis of a movement along the mental number line for addition. We conclude that space is not only used to represent number magnitudes but also to actively operate on numbers in more complex tasks such as counting, and that the eyes reflect this spatial mental operation.}, language = {en} } @article{HartmannMastFischer2015, author = {Hartmann, Matthias and Mast, Fred W. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Spatial biases during mental arithmetic: evidence from eye movements on a blank screen}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00012}, pages = {8}, year = {2015}, abstract = {While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized that mental addition leads to rightward and upward shifts of spatial attention (along the "mental number line"), whereas subtraction leads to leftward and downward shifts. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing spontaneous eye movements during mental arithmetic. Participants solved verbally presented arithmetic problems (e.g., 2 + 7, 8-3) aloud while looking at a blank screen. We found that eye movements reflected spatial biases in the ongoing mental operation: Gaze position shifted more upward when participants solved addition compared to subtraction problems, and the horizontal gaze position was partly determined by the magnitude of the operands. Interestingly, the difference between addition and subtraction trials was driven by the operator (plus vs. minus) but was not influenced by the computational process. Thus, our results do not support the idea of a mental movement toward the solution during arithmetic but indicate a semantic association between operation and space.}, language = {en} } @article{MondalHovestadtDeyetal.2017, author = {Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar and Hovestadt, Maximilian and Dey, Subarna and Paula, Carolin and Glomb, Sebastian and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Janiak, Christoph and Hartmann, Martin and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Synthesis of a partially fluorinated ZIF-8 analog for ethane/ethene separation}, series = {CrystEngComm}, volume = {19}, journal = {CrystEngComm}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1466-8033}, doi = {10.1039/c7ce01438d}, pages = {5882 -- 5891}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The separation of ethane/ethene mixtures (as well as other paraffin/olefin mixtures) is one of the most important but challenging processes in the petrochemical industry. In this work, we report the synthesis of ZIF-318, isostructural to ZIF-8 but built from the mixed linkers of 2-methylimidazole (L1) and 2-trifluoromethylimidazole (L2) (ZIF-318 = [(Zn(L1)(L2)](n)). The synthesis has been optimized to proceed without ZnO-formation. Using only the L2 linker under solvothermal conditions afforded ZnO-embedded in the H-bonded and non-porous coordination polymer ZnO@[Zn-2(L2)(2)(HCOO)(OH)](n). The slight differences in the size of the substituents (-CH3 vs. -CF3) possibly in combination with different electronic inductive effects led to small but significant changes to the pore size and properties respectively, though the effective pore opening (aperture) size of ZIF-318 remained the same in comparison with ZIF-8. ZIF-318 is chemically (boiling water, methanol, benzene, and wide pH range at room temperature for 1 day), thermally (up to 310 degrees C) stable, and more hydrophobic than ZIF-8 which is proven by contact angle measurement. ZIF-318 can be activated for N-2, CO2, CH4, H-2, ethane, ethane, propane, and propene gases sorptions. Consequently, in breakthrough experiments, the ethane/ethene mixtures can be separated.}, language = {en} } @article{HovestadtBendtMondaletal.2017, author = {Hovestadt, Maximilian and Bendt, Stephan and Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar and Behrens, Karsten and Reif, Florian and Dopken, Merle and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Keil, Frerich J. and Hartmann, Martin}, title = {Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Different Linker Molecules in Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (IFP-n) on the Separation of Olefin-Paraffin Mixtures}, series = {Langmuir}, volume = {33}, journal = {Langmuir}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02016}, pages = {11170 -- 11179}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Four metal organic frameworks with similar topology but different chemical environment inside the pore structure, namely, IFP-1, IFP-3, IFP-5, and IFP-7, have been investigated with respect to the separation potential for olefin paraffin mixtures as well as the influence of the different linkers on adsorption properties using experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. All IFP structures show a higher adsorption of ethane compared to ethene with the exception of IFP-7 which shows no selectivity in breakthrough experiments. For propane/propane separation, all adsorbents show a higher adsorption for the olefin. The experimental results agree quite well with the simulated values except for the IFP-7, which is presumably due to the flexibility of the structure. Moreover, the experimental and simulated isotherms were confirmed with breakthrough experiments that render IFP-1, IFP-3, and IFP-5 as suitable for the purification of ethene from ethane.}, language = {en} } @article{KachlerBailerHeimetal.2017, author = {Kachler, Katerina and Bailer, Maximilian and Heim, Lisanne and Schumacher, Fabian and Reichel, Martin and Holzinger, Corinna D. and Trump, Sonja and Mittler, Susanne and Monti, Juliana and Trufa, Denis I. and Rieker, Ralf J. and Hartmann, Arndt and Sirbu, Horia and Kleuser, Burkhard and Kornhuber, Johannes and Finotto, Susetta}, title = {Enhanced acid sphingomyelinase activity drives immune evasion and tumor growth in non-small cell lung carcinoma}, series = {Cancer research}, volume = {77}, journal = {Cancer research}, number = {21}, publisher = {American Association for Cancer Research}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0008-5472}, doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-16-3313}, pages = {5963 -- 5976}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The lipid hydrolase enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is required for the conversion of the lipid cell membrane component sphingomyelin into ceramide. In cancer cells, ASM-mediated ceramide production is important for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune modulation, highlighting ASM as a potential multimodal therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate elevated ASM activity in the lung tumor environment and blood serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNAi-mediated attenuation of SMPD1 in human NSCLC cells rendered them resistant to serum starvation-induced apoptosis. In a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, ASM deficiency reduced tumor development in a manner associated with significant enhancement of Th1-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings indicate that targeting ASM in NSCLC can act by tumor cell-intrinsic and-extrinsic mechanisms to suppress tumor cell growth, most notably by enabling an effective antitumor immune response by the host. (C) 2017 AACR.}, language = {en} } @book{FuhrmannSchubarthSchulzeReicheltetal.2019, author = {Fuhrmann, Michaela and Schubarth, Wilfried and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Mauermeister, Sylvi and Seidel, Andreas and Hartmann, Nina and Erdmann, Melinda and Apostolow, Benjamin and Wagner, Laura and Berndt, Sarah and Wippermann, Melanie and Ratzlaff, Olaf and Lumpe, Matthias and Kirjuchina, Ljuba and Rost, Sophia and Zurek, Peter Paul and Faaß, Marcel and Schellhorn, Sebastian and Frank, Mario and Kreitz, Christoph and Wagner, Nelli and Jenneck, Julia and Kleemann, Katrin and Vock, Miriam and Schr{\"o}der, Christian and Erdmann, Kathrin and Koziol, Matthias and Meißner, Marlen and Dibiasi, Anna and Unger, Martin and Piskunova, Elena V. and Bahmutskiy, Andrey E. and Bessonova, Ekatarina A. and Borovik, Ludmila K.}, title = {Alles auf Anfang!}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung}, number = {4}, editor = {Schubarth, Wilfried and Mauermeister, Sylvi and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Seidel, Andreas}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-452-4}, issn = {2192-1075}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42296}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422965}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {373}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Im Zuge der Bologna-Reform ist an Hochschulen vieles in Bewegung gekommen. Studium und Lehre sind st{\"a}rker ins Blickfeld ger{\"u}ckt. Dabei kommt der Studieneingangsphase besondere Bedeutung zu, werden doch hier die Weichen f{\"u}r ein erfolgreiches Studium gestellt. Deshalb ist es verst{\"a}ndlich, dass die Hauptanstrengungen der Hochschulen auf den Studieneingang gerichtet sind - ganz nach dem Motto: „Auf den Anfang kommt es an!". Konsens herrscht dahingehend, dass der Studieneingang neu zu gestalten ist, doch beim „Wie?" gibt es unterschiedliche Antworten. Zugleich wird immer deutlicher, dass eine wirksame Neugestaltung der Eingangsphase nur mit einer umfassenden Reform des Studiums gelingen kann. Ziel des vierten Bandes der Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung ist es, eine Zwischenbilanz der Debatte zum Studieneingang zu ziehen. Auf der Basis empirischer Studien werden unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf den Studieneingang eingenommen und Empfehlungen zur Optimierung des Studieneingangs abgeleitet. Die zahlreichen Untersuchungsergebnisse Potsdamer Forschergruppen werden durch weitere nationale sowie internationale Perspektiven erg{\"a}nzt. Der Band richtet sich an alle, die sich f{\"u}r die Entwicklung an Hochschulen interessieren.}, language = {de} } @book{FuhrmannGoertzKlagesetal.2020, author = {Fuhrmann, Michaela and Goertz, Stefanie and Klages, Benjamin and Last, Dominique and Strickroth, Sven and Schubarth, Wilfried and Mauermeister, Sylvi and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Erdmann, Melinda and Dreyer, Martin and Konarski, Michael and T{\"a}gener, Judith and Lucke, Ulrike and Hafer, J{\"o}rg and Hartmann, Niklas and Nguyen, Thi To-Uyen and Wittkowski, Ariane and Prickett, David James and Degen, Andreas and Rost, Sophia and Kiy, Alexander and Wagner, Nelli and G{\"o}del, Corinna and Klinnert, Anne and Babbe, Caroline and Schneider, Marie and Hille, Kerstin}, title = {Lehre und Lernen entwickeln - Eine Frage der Gestaltung von {\"U}berg{\"a}ngen}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung}, number = {6}, editor = {Goertz, Stefanie and Klages, Benjamin and Last, Dominique and Strickroth, Sven}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-498-2}, issn = {2192-1075}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47681}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476815}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {336}, year = {2020}, abstract = {An der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam wurden im Rahmen des Qualit{\"a}tspakt Lehre-Projekts „Qualit{\"a}t etablieren in Lehre und Lernen (QueLL)" Maßnahmen f{\"u}r eine Verbesserung der Studienbedingungen und eine Weiterentwicklung der Lehre und des Lernens durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die w{\"a}hrend der neunj{\"a}hrigen Projektlaufzeit thematisierten Fragestellungen, erarbeiteten L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze und entsprechenden Erfahrungen werden im vorliegenden Sammelband in Form von wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen und Werkstattberichten dargestellt und diskutiert. Die Beitr{\"a}ge spiegeln in ihrer thematischen Vielfalt unterschiedliche universit{\"a}re {\"U}bergangsphasen wider, wie in diesem Fall den {\"U}bergang in die Hochschule, {\"U}berg{\"a}nge innerhalb der Hochschule (im Kontext der Organisationsentwicklung, der Weiterbildung akademischer Statusgruppen oder der Entwicklung einer digitalen Lehr-Lernkultur) und schließlich den {\"U}bergang in die Berufspraxis. Denn w{\"a}hrend der Projektlaufzeit hat sich gezeigt, dass die Gestaltung von Lehre und Lernen letztlich immer eine Gestaltung solcher {\"U}berg{\"a}nge ist: sowohl zwischen den innerinstitutionellen Ebenen und Bereichen als auch zwischen Akteur/innen der Hochschule und schließlich ebenso innerhalb des Student Life Cycle. Weiterhin wird anhand der Beitr{\"a}ge deutlich, dass die Entwicklung von Lehre und Studium nicht als isolierte Aufgabe verstanden werden kann, sondern in die Strukturen und Prozesse der Universit{\"a}t hineinwirken und Formen der Zusammenarbeit etablieren sollte, die es braucht, um Projekte nachhaltig zu gestalten. Ziel dieses Bandes ist es, zur Diskussion {\"u}ber Gelingensbedingungen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Lehre und Lernen beizutragen. Damit richtet er sich an Akteur/innen aus der Hochschulleitung, an Lehrende und Forschende sowie Mitarbeitende des Third Space.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TatischeffDeAngelisTavanietal.2018, author = {Tatischeff, V. and De Angelis, A. and Tavani, M. and Grenier, I. and Oberlack, U. and Hanlon, L. and Walter, R. and Argan, A. and von Ballmoos, P. and Bulgarelli, A. and Donnarumma, I. and Hernanz, Margarita and Kuvvetli, I. and Mallamaci, M. and Pearce, M. and Zdziarski, A. and Aboudan, A. and Ajello, M. and Ambrosi, G. and Bernard, D. and Bernardini, E. and Bonvicini, V. and Brogna, A. and Branchesi, M. and Budtz-Jorgensen, C. and Bykov, A. and Campana, R. and Cardillo, M. and Ciprini, S. and Coppi, P. and Cumani, P. and da Silva, R. M. Curado and De Martino, D. and Diehl, R. and Doro, M. and Fioretti, V. and Funk, S. and Ghisellini, G. and Giordano, F. and Grove, J. E. and Hamadache, C. and Hartmann, D. H. and Hayashida, M. and Isern, J. and Kanbach, G. and Kiener, J. and Knodlseder, J. and Labanti, C. and Laurent, P. and Leising, M. and Limousin, O. and Longo, F. and Mannheim, K. and Marisaldi, M. and Martinez, M. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McEnery, J. E. and Mereghetti, S. and Minervini, G. and Moiseev, A. and Morselli, A. and Nakazawa, K. and Orleanski, P. and Paredes, J. M. and Patricelli, B. and Peyre, J. and Piano, G. and Pohl, Martin and Rando, R. and Roncadelli, M. and Tavecchio, F. and Thompson, D. J. and Turolla, R. and Ulyanov, A. and Vacchi, A. and Wu, X. and Zoglauer, A.}, title = {The e-ASTROGAM gamma-ray space observatory for the multimessenger astronomy of the 2030s}, series = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray}, volume = {10699}, booktitle = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray}, editor = {DenHerder, JWA Nikzad}, publisher = {SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering}, address = {Bellingham}, isbn = {978-1-5106-1952-4}, issn = {0277-786X}, doi = {10.1117/12.2315151}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {e-ASTROGAM is a concept for a breakthrough observatory space mission carrying a gamma-ray telescope dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.15 MeV to 3 GeV. The lower energy limit can be pushed down to energies as low as 30 keV for gamma-ray burst detection with the calorimeter. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with remarkable polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous and current generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will be a major player of the multiwavelength, multimessenger time-domain astronomy of the 2030s, and provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LISA, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT, SKA, ALMA, JWST, E-ELT, LSST, Athena, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array.}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaHardeeZhangetal.2013, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Hardee, P. and Zhang, B. and Dutan, I. and Medvedev, M. and Choi, E. J. and Min, K. W. and Niemiec, J. and Mizuno, Y. and Nordlund, Ake and Frederiksen, Jacob Trier and Sol, H. and Pohl, Martin and Hartmann, D. H.}, title = {Magnetic field generation in a jet-sheath plasma via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability}, series = {Annales geophysicae}, volume = {31}, journal = {Annales geophysicae}, number = {9}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0992-7689}, doi = {10.5194/angeo-31-1535-2013}, pages = {1535 -- 1541}, year = {2013}, abstract = {We have investigated the generation of magnetic fields associated with velocity shear between an unmagnetized relativistic jet and an unmagnetized sheath plasma. We have examined the strong magnetic fields generated by kinetic shear (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instabilities. Compared to the previous studies using counter-streaming performed by Alves et al. (2012), the structure of the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KKHI) of our jet-sheath configuration is slightly different, even for the global evolution of the strong transverse magnetic field. In our simulations the major components of growing modes are the electric field E-z, perpendicular to the flow boundary, and the magnetic field B-y, transverse to the flow direction. After the B-y component is excited, an induced electric field E-x, parallel to the flow direction, becomes significant. However, other field components remain small. We find that the structure and growth rate of KKHI with mass ratios m(i)/m(e) = 1836 and m(i)/m(e) = 20 are similar. In our simulations in the nonlinear stage is not as clear as in counter-streaming cases. The growth rate for a mildly-relativistic jet case (gamma(j) = 1.5) is larger than for a relativistic jet case (gamma(j) = 15).}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaFrederiksenNordlundetal.2016, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Frederiksen, J. T. and Nordlund, A. and Mizuno, Y. and Hardee, P. E. and Niemiec, J. and Gomez, J. L. and Dutan, I. and Meli, A. and Sol, H. and Pohl, Martin and Hartmann, D. H.}, title = {EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL RELATIVISTIC JETS: COLLIMATIONS AND EXPANSION WITH kKHI AND THE WEIBEL INSTABILITY}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {820}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/94}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment. Here. we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-) - p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets, focusing on their lateral interaction with ambient plasma. We follow the evolution of toroidal magnetic fields generated by both the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz and Mushroom instabilities. For an e(-) - p(+) jet, the induced magnetic field collimates the jet and electrons are perpendicularly accelerated. As the instabilities saturate and subsequently weaken, the magnetic polarity switches from clockwise to counterclockwise in the middle of the jet. For an e(+/-) jet, we find strong mixing of electrons and positrons with the ambient plasma, resulting in the creation of a bow shock. The merging of current filaments generates density inhomogeneities that. initiate a forward shock. Strong jet-ambient plasma mixing prevents a full development of the jet (on the scale studied), revealing evidence for both jet collimation and particle acceleration in the forming bow shock. Differences in the magnetic field structure generated by e(-) - p(+) and e(+/-) jets may contribute to the polarization properties of the observed emission in AGN jets and gamma-ray bursts.}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaHardeeDutanetal.2014, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Hardee, P. E. and Dutan, I. and Niemiec, J. and Medvedev, M. and Mizuno, Y. and Meli, A. and Sol, H. and Zhang, B. and Pohl, Martin and Hartmann, D. H.}, title = {Magnetic agnetic field generation in core-sheath jets via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {793}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/60}, pages = {16}, year = {2014}, abstract = {We have investigated magnetic field generation in velocity shears via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) using a relativistic plasma jet core and stationary plasma sheath. Our three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations consider plasma jet cores with Lorentz factors of 1.5, 5, and 15 for both electron-proton and electron-positron plasmas. For electron-proton plasmas, we find generation of strong large-scale DC currents and magnetic fields that extend over the entire shear surface and reach thicknesses of a few tens of electron skin depths. For electron-positron plasmas, we find generation of alternating currents and magnetic fields. Jet and sheath plasmas are accelerated across the shear surface in the strong magnetic fields generated by the kKHI. The mixing of jet and sheath plasmas generates a transverse structure similar to that produced by the Weibel instability.}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaMizunoGomezetal.2017, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Mizuno, Yosuke and Gomez, Jose L. and Dutan, Ioana and Meli, Athina and White, Charley and Niemiec, Jacek and Kobzar, Oleh and Pohl, Martin and Frederiksen, Jacob Trier and Nordlund, Ake and Sol, Helene and Hardee, Philip E. and Hartmann, Dieter H.}, title = {Microscopic Processes in Global Relativistic Jets Containing Helical Magnetic Fields: Dependence on Jet Radius}, series = {Galaxies : open access journal}, volume = {5}, journal = {Galaxies : open access journal}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4434}, doi = {10.3390/galaxies5040058}, pages = {7}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study, we investigate the interaction of jets with their environment at a microscopic level, which is a key open question in the study of relativistic jets. Using small simulation systems during past research, we initially studied the evolution of both electron-proton and electron-positron relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, by focusing on their interactions with an ambient plasma. Here, using larger jet radii, we have performed simulations of global jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities, such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the mushroom instability (MI). We found that the evolution of global jets strongly depends on the size of the jet radius. For example, phase bunching of jet electrons, in particular in the electron-proton jet, is mixed with a larger jet radius as a result of the more complicated structures of magnetic fields with excited kinetic instabilities. In our simulation, these kinetic instabilities led to new types of instabilities in global jets. In the electron-proton jet simulation, a modified recollimation occurred, and jet electrons were strongly perturbed. In the electron-positron jet simulation, mixed kinetic instabilities occurred early, followed by a turbulence-like structure. Simulations using much larger (and longer) systems are required in order to further thoroughly investigate the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields.}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaMizunoGomezetal.2019, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Mizuno, Yosuke and Gomez, Jose L. and Duţan, Ioana and Meli, Athina and Niemiec, Jacek and Kobzar, Oleh and Pohl, Martin and Sol, H{\´e}l{\`e}ne and MacDonald, Nicholas and Hartmann, Dieter H.}, title = {Relativistic jet simulations of the weibel instability in the slab model to cylindrical jets with helical magnetic fields}, series = {Galaxies : open access journal}, volume = {7}, journal = {Galaxies : open access journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4434}, doi = {10.3390/galaxies7010029}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The particle-in-cell (PIC) method was developed to investigate microscopic phenomena, and with the advances in computing power, newly developed codes have been used for several fields, such as astrophysical, magnetospheric, and solar plasmas. PIC applications have grown extensively, with large computing powers available on supercomputers such as Pleiades and Blue Waters in the US. For astrophysical plasma research, PIC methods have been utilized for several topics, such as reconnection, pulsar dynamics, non-relativistic shocks, relativistic shocks, and relativistic jets. PIC simulations of relativistic jets have been reviewed with emphasis placed on the physics involved in the simulations. This review summarizes PIC simulations, starting with the Weibel instability in slab models of jets, and then focuses on global jet evolution in helical magnetic field geometry. In particular, we address kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and mushroom instabilities.}, language = {en} } @misc{NishikawaZhangChoietal.2012, author = {Nishikawa, K.-I. and Zhang, B. and Choi, E. J. and Min, K. W. and Niemiec, J. and Medvedev, M. and Hardee, P. and Mizuno, Y. and Nordlund, A. and Frederiksen, J. and Sol, H. and Pohl, Martin and Hartmann, D. H. and Fishman, G.J.}, title = {Radiation from accelerated particles in shocks}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {600}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41312}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413128}, pages = {371 -- 372}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-positron (electron-ion) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs in the shocked regions. Simulations show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly nonuniform, small-scale magnetic fields and for particle acceleration. These magnetic fields contribute to the electron's transverse eflection behind the shock. The "jitter" radiation from deflected electrons in turbulent magnetic fields has properties different from synchrotron radiation calculated in a uniform magnetic field. This jitter radiation may be important for understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectral structure of gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets in general, and supernova remnants. In order to calculate radiation from first principles and go beyond the standard synchrotron model, we have used PIC simulations. We present synthetic spectra to compare with the spectra obtained from Fermi observations.}, language = {en} } @article{DeAngelisTatischeffTavanietal.2017, author = {De Angelis, A. and Tatischeff, V. and Tavani, M. and Oberlack, U. and Grenier, I. and Hanloni, L. and Walter, R. and Argan, A. and Von Ballmoos, P. and Bulgarelli, A. and Donnarumma, I. and Hernanz, M. and Kuvvetli, I. and Pearce, M. and Zdziarski, A. and Aboudan, A. and Ajello, M. and Ambrosi, G. and Bernard, D. and Bernardini, E. and Bonvicini, V. and Brogna, A. and Branchesi, M. and Budtz-Jorgensen, C. and Bykov, A. M. and Campana, R. and Cardillo, M. and Coppi, P. and De Martino, D. and Diehl, R. and Doro, M. and Fioretti, V. and Funk, S. and Ghisellini, G. and Grove, E. and Hamadache, C. and Hartmann, D. H. and Hayashida, M. and Isern, J. and Kanbach, G. and Kiener, J. and Knodlseder, J. and Labanti, C. and Laurent, P. and Limousin, O. and Longo, F. and Mannheim, K. and Marisaldi, M. and Martinez, M. and Mazziotta, Mario Nicola and McEnery, J. and Mereghetti, S. and Minervini, G. and Moiseev, A. and Morselli, A. and Nakazawa, K. and Orleanski, P. and Paredes, J. M. and Patricelli, B. and Pevre, J. and Piano, G. and Pohl, Martin and Ramarijaona, H. and Rando, R. and Reichardt, I. and Roncadelli, M. and Silva, R. and Tavecchio, F. and Thompson, D. J. and Turolla, R. and Ulyanov, A. and Vacchi, A. and Wu, X. and Zoglauer, A.}, title = {The e-ASTROGAM mission Exploring the extreme Universe with gamma rays in the MeV - GeV range}, series = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis}, volume = {44}, journal = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, organization = {The e-ASTROGAM Collaboration}, issn = {0922-6435}, doi = {10.1007/s10686-017-9533-6}, pages = {25 -- 82}, year = {2017}, abstract = {e-ASTROGAM ('enhanced ASTROGAM') is a breakthrough Observatory space mission, with a detector composed by a Silicon tracker, a calorimeter, and an anticoincidence system, dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV - the lower energy limit can be pushed to energies as low as 150 keV, albeit with rapidly degrading angular resolution, for the tracker, and to 30 keV for calorimetric detection. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and the promise of eLISA.}, language = {en} } @article{NishikawaMizunoNiemiecetal.2016, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Mizuno, Yosuke and Niemiec, Jacek and Kobzar, Oleh and Pohl, Martin and Gomez, Jose L. and Dutan, Ioana and Frederiksen, Jacob Trier and Nordlund, Ake and Meli, Athina and Sol, Helene and Hardee, Philip E. and Hartmann, Dieter H.}, title = {Microscopic Processes in Global Relativistic Jets Containing Helical Magnetic Fields}, series = {Galaxies : open access journal}, volume = {4}, journal = {Galaxies : open access journal}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4434}, doi = {10.3390/galaxies4040038}, pages = {9}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-)-p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of "global" jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the e(-)-p(+) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e(+/-) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields.}, language = {en} } @misc{NishikawaMizunoNiemiecetal.2016, author = {Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi and Mizuno, Yosuke and Niemiec, Jacek and Kobzar, Oleh and Pohl, Martin and G{\´o}mez, Jose L. and Duţan, Ioana and Pe'er, Asaf and Frederiksen, Jacob Trier and Nordlund, {\AA}ke and Meli, Athina and Sol, Helene and Hardee, Philip E. and Hartmann, Dieter H.}, title = {Microscopic processes in global relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields}, series = {Galaxies}, journal = {Galaxies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407604}, pages = {9}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-)-p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of "global" jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the e(-)-p(+) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e(+/-) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields.}, language = {en} } @article{DeAngelisTatischeffGrenieretal.2018, author = {De Angelis, A. and Tatischeff, V. and Grenier, I. A. and McEnery, J. and Mallamaci, Manuela and Tavani, M. and Oberlack, U. and Hanlon, L. and Walter, R. and Argan, A. and Von Ballmoos, P. and Bulgarelli, A. and Bykov, A. and Hernanz, M. and Kanbach, G. and Kuvvetli, I. and Pearce, M. and Zdziarski, A. and Conrad, J. and Ghisellini, G. and Harding, A. and Isern, J. and Leising, M. and Longo, F. and Madejski, G. and Martinez, M. and Mazziotta, Mario Nicola and Paredes, J. M. and Pohl, Martin and Rando, R. and Razzano, M. and Aboudan, A. and Ackermann, M. and Addazi, A. and Ajello, M. and Albertus, C. and Alvarez, J. M. and Ambrosi, G. and Anton, S. and Antonelli, L. A. and Babic, A. and Baibussinov, B. and Balbom, M. and Baldini, L. and Balman, S. and Bambi, C. and Barres de Almeida, U. and Barrio, J. A. and Bartels, R. and Bastieri, D. and Bednarek, W. and Bernard, D. and Bernardini, E. and Bernasconi, T. and Bertucci, B. and Biland, A. and Bissaldi, E. and Boettcher, M. and Bonvicini, V. and Bosch-Ramon, V. and Bottacini, E. and Bozhilov, V. and Bretz, T. and Branchesi, M. and Brdar, V. and Bringmann, T. and Brogna, A. and Jorgensen, C. Budtz and Busetto, G. and Buson, S. and Busso, M. and Caccianiga, A. and Camera, S. and Campana, R. and Caraveo, P. and Cardillo, M. and Carlson, P. and Celestin, S. and Cermeno, M. and Chen, A. and Cheung, C. C. and Churazov, E. and Ciprini, S. and Coc, A. and Colafrancesco, S. and Coleiro, A. and Collmar, W. and Coppi, P. and Curado da Silva, R. and Cutini, S. and De Lotto, B. and de Martino, D. and De Rosa, A. and Del Santo, M. and Delgado, L. and Diehl, R. and Dietrich, S. and Dolgov, A. D. and Dominguez, A. and Prester, D. Dominis and Donnarumma, I. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Dutra, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Fabrizio, M. and Fernandez-Barral, A. and Fioretti, V. and Foffano, L. and Formato, V. and Fornengo, N. and Foschini, L. and Franceschini, A. and Franckowiak, A. and Funk, S. and Fuschino, F. and Gaggero, D. and Galanti, G. and Gargano, F. and Gasparrini, D. and Gehrz, R. and Giammaria, P. and Giglietto, N. and Giommi, P. and Giordano, F. and Giroletti, M. and Ghirlanda, G. and Godinovic, N. and Gouiffes, C. and Grove, J. E. and Hamadache, C. and Hartmann, D. H. and Hayashida, M. and Hryczuk, A. and Jean, P. and Johnson, T. and Jose, J. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Kiener, J. and Knodlseder, J. and Kolem, M. and Kopp, J. and Kozhuharov, V. and Labanti, C. and Lalkovski, S. and Laurent, P. and Limousin, O. and Linares, M. and Lindfors, E. and Lindner, M. and Liu, J. and Lombardi, S. and Loparco, F. and Lopez-Coto, R. and Lopez Moya, M. and Lott, B. and Lubrano, P. and Malyshev, D. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Marcha, M. J. and Marciano, A. and Marcote, B. and Mariotti, M. and Marisaldi, M. and McBreen, S. and Mereghetti, S. and Merle, A. and Mignani, R. and Minervini, G. and Moiseev, A. and Morselli, A. and Moura, F. and Nakazawa, K. and Nava, L. and Nieto, D. and Orienti, M. and Orio, M. and Orlando, E. and Orleanski, P. and Paiano, S. and Paoletti, R. and Papitto, A. and Pasquato, M. and Patricelli, B. and Perez-Garcia, M. A. and Persic, M. and Piano, G. and Pichel, A. and Pimenta, M. and Pittori, C. and Porter, T. and Poutanen, J. and Prandini, E. and Prantzos, N. and Produit, N. and Profumo, S. and Queiroz, F. S. and Raino, S. and Raklev, A. and Regis, M. and Reichardt, I. and Rephaeli, Y. and Rico, J. and Rodejohann, W. and Fernandez, G. Rodriguez and Roncadelli, M. and Roso, L. and Rovero, A. and Ruffini, R. and Sala, G. and Sanchez-Conde, M. A. and Santangelo, Andrea and Parkinson, P. Saz and Sbarrato, T. and Shearer, A. and Shellard, R. and Short, K. and Siegert, T. and Siqueira, C. and Spinelli, P. and Stamerra, A. and Starrfield, S. and Strong, A. and Strumke, I. and Tavecchio, F. and Taverna, R. and Terzic, T. and Thompson, D. J. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D. F. and Turolla, R. and Ulyanov, A. and Ursi, A. and Vacchi, A. and Van den Abeele, J. and Vankova-Kirilovai, G. and Venter, C. and Verrecchia, F. and Vincent, P. and Wang, X. and Weniger, C. and Wu, X. and Zaharijas, G. and Zampieri, L. and Zane, S. and Zimmer, S. and Zoglauer, A.}, title = {Science with e-ASTROGAM A space mission for MeV-GeV gamma-ray astrophysics}, series = {Journal of High Energy Astrophysics}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of High Energy Astrophysics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, organization = {e-ASTROGAM Collaboration}, issn = {2214-4048}, doi = {10.1016/j.jheap.2018.07.001}, pages = {1 -- 106}, year = {2018}, language = {en} }