@article{AbeysekaraBenbowBirdetal.2018,
  author    = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brantseg, T. and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, Wei and Daniel, M. K. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gillanders, Gerard H. and Gunawardhana, Isuru and Huetten, M. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kertzman, M. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and McArthur, S. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Otte, Adam Nepomuk and Park, N. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Wakely, S. P. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B. and Jorstad, Svetlana G. and Marscher, Alan P. and Lister, Matthew L. and Kovalev, Yuri Y. and Pushkarev, A. B. and Savolainen, Tuomas and Agudo, I. and Molina, S. N. and Gomez, J. L. and Larionov, Valeri M. and Borman, G. A. and Mokrushina, A. A. and Tornikoski, Merja and Lahteenmaki, A. and Chamani, W. and Enestam, S. and Kiehlmann, S. and Hovatta, Talvikki and Smith, P. S. and Pontrelli, P.},
  title     = {Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar BL Lacertae},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {856},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  organization    = {VERITAS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/aab35c},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Combined with measurements made by very-long-baseline interferometry, the observations of fast TeV gamma-ray flares probe the structure and emission mechanism of blazar jets. However, only a handful of such flares have been detected to date, and only within the last few years have these flares been observed from lower-frequency-peaked BL. Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. We report on a fast TeV gamma-ray flare from the blazar BL. Lacertae observed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). with a rise time of similar to 2.3 hr and a decay time of similar to 36 min. The peak flux above 200 GeV is (4.2 +/- 0.6) x 10(-6) photon m(-2) s(-1) measured with a 4-minute-binned light curve, corresponding to similar to 180\% of the flux that is observed from the Crab Nebula above the same energy threshold. Variability contemporaneous with the TeV gamma-ray flare was observed in GeV gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization. Additionally, a possible moving emission feature with superluminal apparent velocity was identified in Very Long Baseline Array observations at 43 GHz, potentially passing the radio core of the jet around the time of the gamma-ray flare. We discuss the constraints on the size, Lorentz factor, and location of the emitting region of the flare, and the interpretations with several theoretical models that invoke relativistic plasma passing stationary shocks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbeysekaraArcherBenbowetal.2018,
  author    = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brill, A. and Brose, Robert and Buckley, J. H. and Christiansen, Jessie L. and Chromey, A. J. and Daniel, M. K. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gillanders, Gerard H. and Gueta, O. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Otte, A. N. and Park, N. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, Marcos and Scott, S. S. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, D. A. and Williamson, T. J. and Zitzer, B. and Kaur, A.},
  title     = {VERITAS Observations of the BL Lac Object TXS 0506+056},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters},
  volume    = {861},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  organization    = {VERITAS Collaboration},
  issn      = {2041-8205},
  doi       = {10.3847/2041-8213/aad053},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {On 2017 September 22, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported the detection of the high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A, of potential astrophysical origin. It was soon determined that the neutrino direction was consistent with the location of the gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056. (3FGL J0509.4+ 0541), which was in an elevated gamma-ray emission state as measured by the Fermi satellite. Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observations of the neutrino/blazar region started on 2017 September 23 in response to the neutrino alert and continued through 2018 February 6. While no significant very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) emission was observed from the blazar by VERITAS in the two-week period immediately following the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+ 056 was detected by VERITAS with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations (sigma) in the full 35 hr data set. The average photon flux of the source during this period was (8.9 +/- 1.6). x. 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1), or 1.6\% of the Crab Nebula flux, above an energy threshold of 110 GeV, with a soft spectral index of 4.8. +/-. 1.3.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArchambaultArcherBenbowetal.2017,
  author    = {Archambault, S. and Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Bourbeau, E. and Buchovecky, M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Cerruti, M. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Dwarkadas, Vikram V. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Q. and Finley, J. P. and Fleischhack, H. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Griffin, S. and Huetten, M. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Johnson, C. A. and Kaaret, P. and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, D. and Krause, M. and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Maier, G. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nieto, D. and Ong, R. A. and Otte, A. N. and Park, Nahee and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, A. and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, G. T. and Roache, E. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, K. and Slane, P. and Staszak, D. and Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Trepanier, S. and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weinstein, A. and Weisgarber, T. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B.},
  title     = {Gamma-ray Observations of Tycho's Supernova Remnant with VERITAS and Fermi},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {836},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/23},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArcherBenbowBirdetal.2018,
  author    = {Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Bugaev, V and Cui, Wei and Danie, M. K. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Flinders, A. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gillanders, Gerard H. and Huttens, M. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Krennrich, F. and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and McArthur, S. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Nieto, Daniel and Ong, R. A. and Otte, A. N. and Park, Nahee and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, Alexis and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynold, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weiner, O. M. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David A. and Brisken, W. F. and Pontrelli, P.},
  title     = {HESS J1943+213},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {862},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  organization    = {VERITAS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/aacbd0},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {HESS J1943+213 is a very high energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray source in the direction of the Galactic plane. Studies exploring the classification of the source are converging toward its identification as an extreme synchrotron BL Lac object. Here we present 38 hr of VERITAS observations of HESS J1943+213 taken over 2 yr. The source is detected with a significance of similar to 20 standard deviations, showing a remarkably stable flux and spectrum in VHE gamma-rays. Multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of the source confirm the extended, jet-like structure previously found in the 1.6 GHz band with the European VLBI Network and detect this component in the 4.6 and 7.3 GHz bands. The radio spectral indices of the core and the jet and the level of polarization derived from the VLBA observations are in a range typical for blazars. Data from VERITAS, Fermi-LAT, Swift-XRT, the FLWO 48 ' telescope, and archival infrared and hard X-ray observations are used to construct and model the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source with a synchrotron self-Compton model. The well-measured gamma-ray peak of the SED with VERITAS and Fermi-LAT provides constraining upper limits on the source redshift. Possible contribution of secondary gamma-rays from ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray-initiated electromagnetic cascades to the gamma-ray emission is explored, finding that only a segment of the VHE spectrum can be accommodated with this process. A variability search is performed across X-ray and gamma-ray bands. No statistically significant flux or spectral variability is detected.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArcherBenbowBirdetal.2019,
  author    = {Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Buckley, J. H. and Chromey, A. J. and Cui, Wei and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, J. P. and Fortson, Lucy and Furniss, Amy and Gent, A. and Gueta, O. and Hanna, David and Hassan, T. and Hervet, Olivier and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krennrich, F. and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Otte, Adam Nepomuk and Pandel, D. and Park, N. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Sadeh, I and Santander, Marcos and Scott, S. S. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Sushch, Iurii and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, D. A. and Williamson, T. J. and Zitzer, B.},
  title     = {A Search for Pulsed Very High-energy Gamma-Rays from 13 Young Pulsars in Archival VERITAS Data},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {876},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/ab14f4},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {We conduct a search for periodic emission in the very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray band (E > 100 GeV) from a total of 13 pulsars in an archival VERITAS data set with a total exposure of over 450 hr. The set of pulsars includes many of the brightest young gamma-ray pulsars visible in the Northern Hemisphere. The data analysis resulted in nondetections of pulsed VHE gamma-rays from each pulsar. Upper limits on a potential VHE gamma-ray flux are derived at the 95\% confidence level above three energy thresholds using two methods. These are the first such searches for pulsed VHE emission from each of the pulsars, and the obtained limits constrain a possible flux component manifesting at VHEs as is seen for the Crab pulsar.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbeysekaraArcherBenbowetal.2018,
  author    = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Archer, A. and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Bugaev, V. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, Wei and Errando, Manel and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Flinders, A. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gillanders, Gerard H. and Huetten, M. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and Maier, Gernot and McArthur, S. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Park, N. and Perkins, Jeremy S. and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, Alexis and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Tyler, J. and Wakely, S. P. and Weiner, O. M. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David A. and Zitzer, B. and Vurm, Indrek and Beloborodov, Andrei},
  title     = {A Strong Limit on the Very-high-energy Emission from GRB 150323A},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {857},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  organization    = {VERITAS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/aab371},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {On 2015 March 23, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) responded to a Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of a gamma-ray burst, with observations beginning 270 s after the onset of BAT emission, and only 135 s after the main BAT emission peak. No statistically significant signal is detected above 140 GeV. The VERITAS upper limit on the fluence in a 40-minute integration corresponds to about 1\% of the prompt fluence. Our limit is particularly significant because the very-high-energy (VHE) observation started only similar to 2 minutes after the prompt emission peaked, and Fermi-Large Area Telescope observations of numerous other bursts have revealed that the high-energy emission is typically delayed relative to the prompt radiation and lasts significantly longer. Also, the proximity of GRB 150323A (z = 0.593) limits the attenuation by the extragalactic background light to similar to 50\% at 100-200 GeV. We conclude that GRB 150323A had an intrinsically very weak high-energy afterglow, or that the GeV spectrum had a turnover below similar to 100 GeV. If the GRB exploded into the stellar wind of a massive progenitor, the VHE non-detection constrains the wind density parameter to be A greater than or similar to 3 x 10(11) g . cm(-1), consistent with a standard Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Alternatively, the VHE emission from the blast wave would be weak in a very tenuous medium such as the interstellar medium, which therefore cannot be ruled out as the environment of GRB 150323A.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TatischeffDeAngelisTavanietal.2018,
  author    = {Tatischeff, V. and De Angelis, A. and Tavani, M. and Grenier, I. and Oberlack, U. and Hanlon, L. and Walter, R. and Argan, A. and von Ballmoos, P. and Bulgarelli, A. and Donnarumma, I. and Hernanz, Margarita and Kuvvetli, I. and Mallamaci, M. and Pearce, M. and Zdziarski, A. and Aboudan, A. and Ajello, M. and Ambrosi, G. and Bernard, D. and Bernardini, E. and Bonvicini, V. and Brogna, A. and Branchesi, M. and Budtz-Jorgensen, C. and Bykov, A. and Campana, R. and Cardillo, M. and Ciprini, S. and Coppi, P. and Cumani, P. and da Silva, R. M. Curado and De Martino, D. and Diehl, R. and Doro, M. and Fioretti, V. and Funk, S. and Ghisellini, G. and Giordano, F. and Grove, J. E. and Hamadache, C. and Hartmann, D. H. and Hayashida, M. and Isern, J. and Kanbach, G. and Kiener, J. and Knodlseder, J. and Labanti, C. and Laurent, P. and Leising, M. and Limousin, O. and Longo, F. and Mannheim, K. and Marisaldi, M. and Martinez, M. and Mazziotta, M. N. and McEnery, J. E. and Mereghetti, S. and Minervini, G. and Moiseev, A. and Morselli, A. and Nakazawa, K. and Orleanski, P. and Paredes, J. M. and Patricelli, B. and Peyre, J. and Piano, G. and Pohl, Martin and Rando, R. and Roncadelli, M. and Tavecchio, F. and Thompson, D. J. and Turolla, R. and Ulyanov, A. and Vacchi, A. and Wu, X. and Zoglauer, A.},
  title     = {The e-ASTROGAM gamma-ray space observatory for the multimessenger astronomy of the 2030s},
  series = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray},
  volume    = {10699},
  booktitle = {Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray},
  editor    = {DenHerder, JWA Nikzad},
  publisher = {SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering},
  address   = {Bellingham},
  isbn      = {978-1-5106-1952-4},
  issn      = {0277-786X},
  doi       = {10.1117/12.2315151},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {e-ASTROGAM is a concept for a breakthrough observatory space mission carrying a gamma-ray telescope dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.15 MeV to 3 GeV. The lower energy limit can be pushed down to energies as low as 30 keV for gamma-ray burst detection with the calorimeter. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with remarkable polarimetric capability. Thanks to its performance in the MeV-GeV domain, substantially improving its predecessors, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on the surroundings. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous and current generation instruments, e-ASTROGAM will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will be a major player of the multiwavelength, multimessenger time-domain astronomy of the 2030s, and provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LISA, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, IceCube-Gen2 and KM3NeT, SKA, ALMA, JWST, E-ELT, LSST, Athena, and the Cherenkov Telescope Array.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SelsingMalesaniGoldonietal.2019,
  author    = {Selsing, Jonatan and Malesani, D. and Goldoni, P. and Fynbo, Johan and Kr{\"u}hler, T. and Antonelli, L. A. and Arabsalmani, M. and Bolmer, J. and Cano, Z. and Christensen, L. and Covino, S. and De Cia, A. and de Ugarte Postigo, A. and Flores, H. and Fliis, M. and Gomboc, A. and Greiner, J. and Groot, P. and Hammer, F. and Hartoog, O. E. and Heintz, K. E. and Hjorth, J. and Jakobsson, P. and Japelj, J. and Kann, D. A. and Kaper, L. and Ledoux, C. and Leloudas, G. and Levan, A. J. and Maiorano, E. and Melandri, A. and Milvang-Jensen, B. and Palazzi, E. and Palmerio, J. T. and Perley, D. A. and Pian, E. and Piranomonte, S. and Pugliese, G. and Sanchez-Ramirez, R. and Savaglio, S. and Schady, P. and Schulze, S. and Sollerman, J. and Sparre, Martin and Tagliaferri, G. and Tanvir, N. R. and Thone, C. C. and Vergani, S. D. and Vreeswijk, P. and Watson, D. and Wiersema, K. and Wijers, R. and Xu, D. and Zafar, T.},
  title     = {The X-shooter GRB afterglow legacy sample (XS-GRB)},
  series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  volume    = {623},
  journal   = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  publisher = {EDP Sciences},
  address   = {Les Ulis},
  issn      = {1432-0746},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201832835},
  pages     = {42},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this work we present spectra of all gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows that have been promptly observed with the X-shooter spectrograph until 31/03/2017. In total, we have obtained spectroscopic observations of 103 individual GRBs observed within 48 hours of the GRB trigger. Redshifts have been measured for 97 per cent of these, covering a redshift range from 0.059 to 7.84. Based on a set of observational selection criteria that minimise biases with regards to intrinsic properties of the GRBs, the follow-up effort has been focused on producing a homogeneously selected sample of 93 afterglow spectra for GRBs discovered by the Swift satellite. We here provide a public release of all the reduced spectra, including continuum estimates and telluric absorption corrections. For completeness, we also provide reductions for the 18 late-time observations of the underlying host galaxies. We provide an assessment of the degree of completeness with respect to the parent GRB population, in terms of the X-ray properties of the bursts in the sample and find that the sample presented here is representative of the full Swift sample. We have constrained the fraction of dark bursts to be <28 per cent and confirm previous results that higher optical darkness is correlated with increased X-ray absorption. For the 42 bursts for which it is possible, we have provided a measurement of the neutral hydrogen column density, increasing the total number of published HI column density measurements by similar to 33 per cent. This dataset provides a unique resource to study the ISM across cosmic time, from the local progenitor surroundings to the intervening Universe.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AsghariBroegCaroneetal.2004,
  author    = {Asghari, N. and Broeg, C. and Carone, L. and Casas-Miranda, R. and Palacio, J. C. C. and Csillik, I. and Dvorak, R. and Freistetter, F. and Hadjivantsides, G. and Hussmann, H. and Khramova, A. and Khristoforova, M. and Khromova, I. and Kitiashivilli, I. and Kozlowski, S. and Laakso, T. and Laczkowski, T. and Lytvinenko, D. and Miloni, O. and Morishima, R. and Moro-Martin, A. and Paksyutov, V. and Pal, A. and Patidar, V. and Pecnik, B. and Peles, O. and Pyo, J. and Quinn, T. and Rodriguez, A. and Romano, C. and Saikia, E. and Stadel, J. and Thiel, M. and Todorovic, N. and Veras, D. and Neto, E. V. and Vilagi, J. and von Bloh, Werner and Zechner, R. and Zhuchkova, E.},
  title     = {Stability of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of G1 777 A, HD 72659, G1 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361:20040390},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We have undertaken a thorough dynamical investigation of five extrasolar planetary systems using extensive numerical experiments. The systems Gl 777 A, HD 72659, Gl 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208 were examined concerning the question of whether they could host terrestrial-like planets in their habitable zones (HZ). First we investigated the mean motion resonances between fictitious terrestrial planets and the existing gas giants in these five extrasolar systems. Then a fine grid of initial conditions for a potential terrestrial planet within the HZ was chosen for each system, from which the stability of orbits was then assessed by direct integrations over a time interval of 1 million years. For each of the five systems the 2-dimensional grid of initial conditions contained 80 eccentricity points for the Jovian planet and up to 160 semimajor axis points for the fictitious planet. The computations were carried out using a Lie-series integration method with an adaptive step size control. This integration method achieves machine precision accuracy in a highly efficient and robust way, requiring no special adjustments when the orbits have large eccentricities. The stability of orbits was examined with a determination of the Renyi entropy, estimated from recurrence plots, and with a more straightforward method based on the maximum eccentricity achieved by the planet over the 1 million year integration. Additionally, the eccentricity is an indication of the habitability of a terrestrial planet in the HZ; any value of e > 0.2 produces a significant temperature difference on a planet's surface between apoapse and periapse. The results for possible stable orbits for terrestrial planets in habitable zones for the five systems are: for Gl 777 A nearly the entire HZ is stable, for 47 Uma, HD 72659 and HD 4208 terrestrial planets can survive for a sufficiently long time, while for Gl 614 our results exclude terrestrial planets moving in stable orbits within the HZ. Studies such as this one are of primary interest to future space missions dedicated to finding habitable terrestrial planets in other stellar systems. Assessing the likelihood of other habitable planets, and more generally the possibility of other life, is the central question of astrobiology today. Our investigation indicates that, from the dynamical point of view, habitable terrestrial planets seem to be compatible with many of the currently discovered extrasolar systems},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LigorioNardiSteyrleuthneretal.2016,
  author    = {Ligorio, G. and Nardi, M. V. and Steyrleuthner, Robert and Ihiawakrim, D. and Crespo-Monteiro, N. and Brinkmann, Martin and Neher, Dieter and Koch, N.},
  title     = {Metal nanoparticle mediated space charge and its optical control in an organic hole-only device},
  series = {Applied physics letters},
  volume    = {108},
  journal   = {Applied physics letters},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0003-6951},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4945710},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We reveal the role of localized space charges in hole-only devices based on an organic semiconductor with embedded metal nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs act as deep traps for holes and reduce the current density compared to a device without MNPs by a factor of 10(4) due to the build-up of localized space charge. Dynamic MNPs charged neutrality can be realized during operation by electron transfer from excitons created in the organic matrix, enabling light sensing independent of device bias. In contrast to the previous speculations, electrical bistability in such devices was not observed. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbeysekaraArcherAuneetal.2018,
  author    = {Abeysekara, A. U. and Archer, A. and Aune, Taylor and Benbow, Wystan and Bird, Ralph and Brose, Robert and Buchovecky, M. and Bugaev, V. and Cui, Wei and Daniel, M. K. and Falcone, A. and Feng, Qi and Finley, John P. and Fleischhack, H. and Flinders, A. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, Amy and Gotthelf, Eric V. and Grube, J. and Hanna, David and Hervet, O. and Holder, J. and Huang, K. and Hughes, G. and Humensky, T. B. and Huetten, M. and Johnson, Caitlin A. and Kaaret, Philip and Kar, P. and Kelley-Hoskins, N. and Kertzman, M. and Kieda, David and Krause, Maria and Kumar, S. and Lang, M. J. and Lin, T. T. Y. and Maier, Gernot and McArthur, S. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, Reshmi and Ong, R. A. and Otte, Adam Nepomuk and Pandel, Dirk and Park, Nahee and Petrashyk, A. and Pohl, Martin and Popkow, Alexis and Pueschel, Elisa and Quinn, J. and Ragan, K. and Reynolds, P. T. and Richards, Gregory T. and Roache, E. and Rousselle, J. and Rulten, C. and Sadeh, I. and Santander, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Shahinyan, Karlen and Tyler, J. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Wakely, S. P. and Ward, J. E. and Weinstein, A. and Wells, R. M. and Wilcox, P. and Wilhelm, Alina and Williams, David A. and Zitzer, B.},
  title     = {A Very High Energy gamma-Ray Survey toward the Cygnus Region of the Galaxy},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {861},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a2},
  pages     = {33},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We present results from deep observations toward the Cygnus region using 300 hr of very high energy (VHE)gamma-ray data taken with the VERITAS Cerenkov telescope array and over 7 yr of high-energy.-ray data taken with the Fermi satellite at an energy above 1 GeV. As the brightest region of diffuse gamma-ray emission in the northern sky, the Cygnus region provides a promising area to probe the origins of cosmic rays. We report the identification of a potential Fermi-LAT counterpart to VER J2031+415 (TeV J2032+4130) and resolve the extended VHE source VER J2019+368 into two source candidates (VER J2018+367* and VER J2020+368*) and characterize their energy spectra. The Fermi-LAT morphology of 3FGL J2021.0+4031e (the Gamma Cygni supernova remnant) was examined, and a region of enhanced emission coincident with VER J2019+407 was identified and jointly fit with the VERITAS data. By modeling 3FGL J2015.6+3709 as two sources, one located at the location of the pulsar wind nebula CTB 87 and one at the quasar QSO J2015+371, a continuous spectrum from 1 GeV to 10 TeV was extracted for VER J2016+371 (CTB 87). An additional 71 locations coincident with Fermi-LAT sources and other potential objects of interest were tested for VHE gamma-ray emission, with no emission detected and upper limits on the differential flux placed at an average of 2.3\% of the Crab Nebula flux. We interpret these observations in a multiwavelength context and present the most detailed gamma-ray view of the region to date.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeintzWatsonJakobssonetal.2018,
  author    = {Heintz, Kasper Elm and Watson, D. and Jakobsson, P. and Fynbo, J. P. U. and Bolmer, J. and Arabsalmani, M. and Cano, Zach and Covino, S. and Gomboc, A. and Japelj, J. and Kaper, L. and Krogager, J. -K. and Pugliese, G. and Sanchez-Ramirez, R. and Selsing, J. and Sparre, Martin and Tanvir, N. R. and Thone, C. C. and de Ugarte Postigo, A. and Vergani, S. D.},
  title     = {Highly ionized metals as probes of the circumburst gas in the natal regions of gamma-ray bursts},
  series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  volume    = {479},
  journal   = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0035-8711},
  doi       = {10.1093/mnras/sty1447},
  pages     = {3456 -- 3476},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We present here a survey of high-ionization absorption lines in the afterglow spectra of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) obtained with the VLT/X-shooter spectrograph. Our main goal is to investigate the circumburst medium in the natal regions of GRBs. Our primary focus is on the N vλλ 1238, 1242 line transitions, but we also discuss other high-ionization lines such as O vi, C iv, and Si iv. We find no correlation between the column density of N v and the neutral gas properties such as metallicity, H i column density, and dust depletion; however, the relative velocity of N v, typically a blueshift with respect to the neutral gas, is found to be correlated with the column density of H i. This may be explained if the N v gas is part of an H ii region hosting the GRB, where the region's expansion is confined by dense, neutral gas in the GRB's host galaxy. We find tentative evidence (at 2σ significance) that the X-ray derived column density, NH, X, may be correlated with the column density of N v, which would indicate that both measurements are sensitive to the column density of the gas located in the vicinity of the GRB. We investigate the scenario where N v (and also O vi) is produced by recombination after the corresponding atoms have been stripped entirely of their electrons by the initial prompt emission, in contrast to previous models where highly ionized gas is produced by photoionization from the GRB afterglow.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{deJongKukrejaTrabantetal.2013,
  author    = {de Jong, S. and Kukreja, R. and Trabant, C. and Pontius, N. and Chang, C. F. and Kachel, T. and Beye, Martin and Sorgenfrei, Nomi and Back, C. H. and Braeuer, B. and Schlotter, W. F. and Turner, J. J. and Krupin, O. and Doehler, M. and Zhu, D. and Hossain, M. A. and Scherz, A. O. and Fausti, D. and Novelli, F. and Esposito, M. and Lee, W. S. and Chuang, Y. D. and Lu, D. H. and Moore, R. G. and Yi, M. and Trigo, M. and Kirchmann, P. and Pathey, L. and Golden, M. S. and Buchholz, Marcel and Metcalf, P. and Parmigiani, F. and Wurth, W. and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Schuessler-Langeheine, Christian and Duerr, H. A.},
  title     = {Speed limit of the insulator-metal transition in magnetite},
  series = {Nature materials},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Nature materials},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1476-1122},
  doi       = {10.1038/NMAT3718},
  pages     = {882 -- 886},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {As the oldest known magnetic material, magnetite (Fe3O4) has fascinated mankind for millennia. As the first oxide in which a relationship between electrical conductivity and fluctuating/localized electronic order was shown(1), magnetite represents a model system for understanding correlated oxides in general. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of the insulator-metal, or Verwey, transition has long remained inaccessible(2-8). Recently, three- Fe- site lattice distortions called trimeronswere identified as the characteristic building blocks of the low-temperature insulating electronically ordered phase(9). Here we investigate the Verwey transition with pump- probe X- ray diffraction and optical reflectivity techniques, and show how trimerons become mobile across the insulator-metal transition. We find this to be a two- step process. After an initial 300 fs destruction of individual trimerons, phase separation occurs on a 1.5 +/- 0.2 ps timescale to yield residual insulating and metallic regions. This work establishes the speed limit for switching in future oxide electronics(10).},
  language  = {en}
}