@article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy},
  series = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0165-0327},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059},
  pages     = {155 -- 162},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000235},
  pages     = {221 -- 229},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}her Responsivit{\"a}t der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer fr{\"u}h- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde daf{\"u}r die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 fr{\"u}hgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 fr{\"u}hgeboren) zus{\"a}tzlich der h{\"o}chste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Fr{\"u}hgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Fr{\"u}h-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t und IQ. F{\"u}r die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen h{\"o}heren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit noch von m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Langfristige Folgen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {609},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43342},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433424},
  pages     = {203 -- 209},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {701},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43353},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433536},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}her Responsivit{\"a}t der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer fr{\"u}h- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde daf{\"u}r die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 fr{\"u}hgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 fr{\"u}hgeboren) zus{\"a}tzlich der h{\"o}chste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Fr{\"u}hgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Fr{\"u}h-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t und IQ. F{\"u}r die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen h{\"o}heren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit noch von m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000233},
  pages     = {203 -- 209},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZohselBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2014,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene},
  series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0021-9630},
  doi       = {10.1111/jcpp.12138},
  pages     = {69 -- 76},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZohselBaldusSchmidtetal.2016,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Baldus, Christiane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Thomasius, Rainer and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study},
  series = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches},
  volume    = {163},
  journal   = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0376-8716},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.012},
  pages     = {251 -- 255},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n = 307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire. Results: At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n = 28 participants (9.1\%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WolfGillesPeusetal.2018,
  author    = {Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin and Gilles, Maria and Peus, Verena and Scharnholz, Barbara and Seibert, Julia and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Krumm, Bertram and Rietschel, Marcella and Deuschle, Michael and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Impact of prenatal stress on mother-infant dyadic behavior during the still-face paradigm},
  series = {Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation : the official journal of the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEA.BPD) and Dachverband Dialektisch Behaviorale Therapie (DDBT)},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation : the official journal of the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder (NEA.BPD) and Dachverband Dialektisch Behaviorale Therapie (DDBT)},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2051-6673},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40479-018-0078-8},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Mother-infant interaction provides important training for the infant's ability to cope with stress and the development of resilience. Prenatal stress (PS) and its impact on the offspring's development have long been a focus of stress research, with studies highlighting both harmful and beneficial effects. The aim of the current study was to examine the possible influence of both psychological stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity during pregnancy with mother-child dyadic behavior following stress exposure. Methods: The behavior of 164 mother-infant dyads during the still-face situation was filmed at six months postpartum and coded into three dyadic patterns: 1) both positive, 2) infant protesting-mother positive, and 3) infant protesting-mother negative. PS exposure was assessed prenatally according to psychological measures (i.e., psychopathological, perceived and psychosocial PS; n = 164) and HPA axis activity measures (maternal salivary cortisol, i.e., cortisol decline and area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg); n = 134). Results: Mother-infant dyads in both the high- and low-stress groups showed decreasing positive and increasing negative dyadic behavior in the reunion episode, which is associated with the well-known "still-face" and "carry-over" effect. Furthermore, mother-infant dyads with higher psychosocial PS exhibited significantly more positive dyadic behavior than the low psychosocial PS group in the first play episode, but not in the reunion episode. Similarly, mother-infant dyads with high HPA axis activity (i.e. high AUCg) but steeper diurnal cortisol decline (i.e. cortisol decline) displayed significantly less negative behavior in the reunion episode than dyads with low HPA axis activity. No significant results were found for psychopathological stress and perceived stress. Conclusions: The results suggest a beneficial effect of higher psychosocial PS and higher prenatal maternal HPA axis activity in late gestation, which is in line with "stress inoculation" theories.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WolfGillesPeusetal.2017,
  author    = {Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin and Gilles, Maria and Peus, Verena and Scharnholz, Barbara and Seibert, Julia and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Krumm, Bertram and Deuschle, Michael and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Impact of prenatal stress on the dyadic behavior of mothers and their 6-month-old infants during a play situation: role of different dimensions of stress},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-017-1770-3},
  pages     = {1251 -- 1260},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WittFrankGillesetal.2018,
  author    = {Witt, Stephanie H. and Frank, Josef and Gilles, Maria and Lang, Maren and Treutlein, Jens and Streit, Fabian and Wolf, Isabell A. C. and Peus, Verena and Scharnholz, Barbara and Send, Tabea S. and Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie and Sivalingam, Sugirthan and Dukal, Helene and Strohmaier, Jana and S{\"u}tterlin, Marc and Arloth, Janine and Laucht, Manfred and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Deuschle, Michael and Rietschel, Marcella},
  title     = {Impact on birth weight of maternal smoking throughout pregnancy mediated by DNA methylation},
  series = {BMC genomics},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {BMC genomics},
  publisher = {BMC},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1471-2164},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12864-018-4652-7},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Cigarette smoking has severe adverse health consequences in adults and in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. One of the most widely reported effects of smoking during pregnancy is reduced birth weight which is in turn associated with chronic disease in adulthood. Epigenome-wide association studies have revealed that smokers show a characteristic "smoking methylation pattern", and recent authors have proposed that DNA methylation mediates the impact of maternal smoking on birth weight. The aims of the present study were to replicate previous reports that methylation mediates the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight, and for the first time to investigate whether the observed mediation effects are sex-specific in order to account for known sex-specific differences in methylation levels. Methods: Methylation levels in the cord blood of 313 newborns were determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K Beadchip. A total of 5,527 CpG sites selected on the basis of evidence from the literature were tested. To determine whether the observed association between maternal smoking and birth weight was attributable to methylation, mediation analyses were performed for significant CpG sites. Separate analyses were then performed in males and females. Results: Following quality control, 282 newborns eventually remained in the analysis. A total of 25 mothers had smoked consistently throughout the pregnancy. The birthweigt of newborns whose mothers had smoked throughout pregnancy was reduced by >200g. After correction for multiple testing, 30 CpGs showed differential methylation in the maternal smoking subgroup including top "smoking methylation pattern" genes AHRR, MYO1G, GFI1, CYP1A1, and CNTNAP2. The effect of maternal smoking on birth weight was partly mediated by the methylation of cg25325512 (PIM1); cg25949550 (CNTNAP2); and cg08699196 (ITGB7). Sex-specific analyses revealed a mediating effect for cg25949550 (CNTNAP2) in male newborns. Conclusion: The present data replicate previous findings that methylation can mediate the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight. The analysis of sex-dependent mediation effects suggests that the sex of the newborn may have an influence. Larger studies are warranted to investigate the role of both the identified differentially methylated loci and the sex of the newborn in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth weight.},
  language  = {en}
}