@article{WickMoellerKruegeretal.2010,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kittel, Ren{\´e}},
  title     = {Analyse und Optimierung angriffsspezifischer Technikelemente : individuelle Bewegungsprofile von Spitzenjudoka},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Krueger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {Biomechanische Aspekte in leichtathletischen Disziplinen},
  isbn      = {3-938509-59-7},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Krueger2004,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {Lateralit{\"a}t und Leistungsentwicklung in zyklischen Sportarten},
  isbn      = {3-88020- 416-0},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WickKruegerHohmann2005,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Hohmann, Andreas},
  title     = {Komplexe Bewegungsanalysen zum R{\"u}ckenstart bei nationalen Spitzenschwimmern},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Beobachtungen auf nationalem und internationalem Niveau haben ergeben, dass sich die Starttechnik in den letzten Jahren ver{\"a}ndert hat. So zeigen Analysen zum Zusammenhang von Block-, Flug- und Teilzeiten {\"u}ber 7,5; 10 und 15m und den erzielten Gesamtzeiten im 100-m-R{\"u}cken-schwimmen, dass k{\"u}rzere Startzeiten mit besseren Schwimmleistungen einher gehen (Cossor \& Mason, 2001). Insbesondere die Dauer der Flugzeit h{\"a}ngt negativ mit der Gesamtschwimmzeit zusammen, so dass die Flugzeit und -weite optimiert werden sollte.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{WickOhlertKruegeretal.2005,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Hans Henning and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Thielscher, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Biomechanische Grundlagen sportlicher Bewegungen : Lehrbuch der Biomechanik},
  publisher = {Spitta-Verl.},
  address   = {Balingen},
  isbn      = {3-934211-74-7},
  pages     = {188 S.},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HohmannFehrKirstenetal.2008,
  author    = {Hohmann, Andreas and Fehr, Ulrich and Kirsten, Robert and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {Biomechanical analysis of the backstroke start technique in swimming},
  issn      = {1612-5770},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WickKruegerHohmann2003,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Hohmann, Andreas},
  title     = {Biomechanische Prinzipien als Kriterium der Effektivit{\"a}t von Grab- und Trackstart im Schwimmen},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Beobachtungen bei nationalen und internationalen Schwimmwettk{\"a}mpfen haben ergeben, dass sich die Starttechnik in den vergangenen Jahren zun{\"a}chst vom ehemals dominierenden Grabstart zum Trackstart ver{\"a}ndert hatte. Bei den Europameisterschaften 2002 in Berlin setzte jedoch eine Trendumkehr ein. An sieben Hochleistungsschwimmern wird untersucht, ob das biomechanische Prinzip der optimalen Tendenz im Beschleunigungsverlauf bei der Ausf{\"u}hrung von Grab- und Trackstarts optimal genutzt wird.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Krueger2005,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {Zum Einfluss der Lateralit{\"a}t in zyklischen Sportarten bei Nachwuchsathleten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-5810},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Die Auspr{\"a}gung der Lateralit{\"a}t der K{\"o}rperextremit{\"a}ten steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Hemisph{\"a}renspezialisierung des menschlichen Gehirns. Die Lateralit{\"a}t und die Dominanz einer Hemisph{\"a}re mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit ist ein bislang unvollst{\"a}ndig untersuchtes Ph{\"a}nomen im Sport. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll daher die Bedeutung der Seitigkeitsauspr{\"a}gung im Rahmen sportlicher Bewegungsabl{\"a}ufe gepr{\"u}ft werden. Sowohl bei Messungen im "Freiwasser", als auch in der "Kanu-Gegenstromanlage" im Bereich des Kanurennsportes werden seit einigen Jahren sich in Qualit{\"a}t und Quantit{\"a}t unterscheidende Kraft-Zeit-Funktionen der linken und rechten K{\"o}rperseite beobachtet, die zwar dokumentiert, aber bislang ungepr{\"u}ft in ihrer Bedeutung als leistungsbeeinflussend angenommen werden. Im Zeitraum von Oktober 1997 bis Oktober 2000 wurden 275 Kajakfahrer und Canadierfahrer im Alter zwischen 11 und 20 Jahren zweimal j{\"a}hrlich (M{\"a}rz und Oktober) mit einem umfangreichen trainings- und bewegungswissenschaftlichen sowie biomechanischen Instrumentarium untersucht. Die Athleten geh{\"o}ren zum Nachwuchs- und Anschlusskader des LKV Brandenburg. Schwerpunkt der Fragestellung ist der Zusammenhang von auftretenden Kraftdifferenzen zwischen der linken und rechten oberen Extremit{\"a}t und sportartspezifischen Leistungen unter Laborbedingungen und Feldbedingungen. Es wurden objektive Daten zu ausgew{\"a}hlten Kraftf{\"a}higkeiten der oberen Arm-Beuge-Schlinge an einem Kraftdiagnoseger{\"a}t, Kraftverl{\"a}ufe am Messpaddel w{\"a}hrend Leistungs{\"u}berpr{\"u}fungen im "Kanu-Gegenstromkanal" und im "Freiwasser" {\"u}ber 250 m und 2.000 m im Jahresverlauf erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Trend der im Altersverlauf ansteigenden Differenz der Mittelwertunterschiede in der Maximalkraft zwischen dem linken und rechten Arm. Bei bestehenden Maximalkraftdifferenzen zwischen linker und rechter oberer Extremit{\"a}t in der L{\"a}ngsschnittgruppe liegen die Leistungen mit dem rechten Arm deutlich {\"u}ber den Kraftleistungen des linken Arms und sind nicht zuf{\"a}llig. Mit steigendem Maximalkraftniveau nimmt {\"u}berraschenderweise auch die Differenz der Maximalkraft zwischen der linken und rechten oberen Extremit{\"a}t trotz bilateralen Trainings zu. Die Ergebnisse der EMG-Analyse best{\"a}tigen, dass die Maximalkraft leistungsbestimmend f{\"u}r die Bootsleistungen ist. In den EMG-Signalverl{\"a}ufen werden die unterschiedlichen Belastungen der Labor- und Feldbedingungen mit individuellen Charakteristika nachgezeichnet. Deutlich unterscheiden sich die Kraftverl{\"a}ufe im "Freiwasser" gegen{\"u}ber den Kraftverl{\"a}ufen in der "Kanu-Gegenstromanlage". Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung handelt es sich um eine erste empirische Arbeit zur Auswirkung von Seitigkeitsunterschieden in zyklischen Sportarten auf der Expertiseebene. In der Untersuchung wurden methodische Verfahren eingesetzt, die dem derzeitigen Forschungsstand in der Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft entsprechen. Neben varianzanalytischen Verfahren der Auswertung zur Darstellung von Mittelwertunterschieden und Zusammenh{\"a}nge pr{\"u}fenden Verfahren wurden ebenso explorative EMG-Analysen angewandt. Die Ergebnisse aus dem L{\"a}ngsschnitt belegen bei ausschließlich rechtsh{\"a}ndigen Probanden, dass die Schlussfolgerung von bevorzugter Extremit{\"a}t auf ein h{\"o}heres Kraftniveau nicht eineindeutig ist. Zwischen den oberen Extremit{\"a}ten bei Kanurennsportlern bestehen nicht nur zuf{\"a}llige Kraftunterschiede, trotz des bilateralen Trainings. Kontrovers diskutiert wird die Beziehung von bevorzugter Extremit{\"a}t und der H{\"o}he der Kraftentfaltung. Im Alltagsverst{\"a}ndnis wird h{\"a}ufig angenommen, dass ein h{\"o}heres Maximalkraftniveau in der Extremit{\"a}t vorliegen muss, die auch die bevorzugte (z.B. Schreibhand) ist (WIRTH \& LIPHARDT, 1999). Diese Eindeutigkeit konnte in der durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchung nicht best{\"a}tigt werden. Wie die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung deutlich zeigen, nimmt mit der h{\"o}heren Maximalkraft aber auch die Differenz der Kraftleistungen zwischen dem linken und rechten Arm bei bilateral ausgerichtetem Training zu. FISCHER (1988; 1992) wies nach, dass sich ein Training auf der subdominanten Seite in einem kontralateralen Leistungstransfer auf der dominanten Seite positiv auswirkte. Erkenntnisse von KUHN (1986) und HOLLMANN \& HETTINGER (2000) unterst{\"u}tzen nachhaltig die Ergebnisse. Die EMG-Ergebnisse zeigen die individuelle Reaktion auf die Belastungsanforderungen. Die elektromyographischen Daten beziehen sich auf den neuromuskul{\"a}ren Komplex. Somit sprechen hohe Amplitudenwerte einerseits f{\"u}r eine hohe Innervation der beteiligten motorischen Einheiten an der Bewegungsausf{\"u}hrung und andererseits f{\"u}r einsetzende Erm{\"u}dungserscheinungen im Muskel. In Bezug auf die Erm{\"u}dung der oberen Extremit{\"a}tenmuskeln der rechten und linken Seite beschreiben WILLIAMS, SHARMA \& BILODEAU (2002) keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der dominanten und nichtdominanten Handseite.},
  subject      = {Kanurennsport},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{WickOhlertKitteletal.2009,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Henning and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Fritzenberg, Martin and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Thielscher, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Biomechanik im Sport : Lehrbuch der biomechanischen Grundlagen sportlicher Bewegungen},
  editor    = {Wick, Ditmar},
  publisher = {Spitta-Verl.},
  address   = {Balingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-938509-59-3},
  pages     = {295 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2008,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Srunk, Soeren and Rosenblum, Michael and Wick, Ditmar},
  title     = {Movement profiles of the balance breaking (Kuzushi) of top judoka},
  isbn      = {978-3-8322-8390-2},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2009,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Sprunk, S{\"o}ren and Wick, Ditmar and Rosenblum, Michael},
  title     = {Movement profiles of the balance breaking (Kuzushi) of top judoka},
  isbn      = {978-3-8322-8390-2},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2008,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar},
  title     = {Analyse und Optimierung angriffsspezifischer Technikelemente : individuelle Bewegungsprofile von Spitzenjudoka},
  issn      = {0946-8455},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Krueger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {The effect of laterality on young athlets in flat water canoeing},
  isbn      = {978-82-502-0420-1},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WickKruegerKracik1998,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kracik, Peter},
  title     = {Bewegungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen von Drehbewegungen im Ger{\"a}tturnen},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Krueger2009,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {The effect of laterality on young athlets in flat water canoeing},
  issn      = {0959-3020},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruegerWick1998,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar},
  title     = {Trainingsbeeinflussung zur Schnellkraftentwicklung im Nachwuchsbereich Kanu},
  issn      = {0343-6586},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KruegerBeckmannRodeetal.2000,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Rode, J{\"u}rgen and Wefers, Ulrich and Dargel, Nicole},
  title     = {Tauchen mit Behinderten und Nichtbehinderten},
  isbn      = {3-922386-61-x},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KruegerWick1999,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar},
  title     = {Entwicklung allgemeiner Kraftf{\"a}higkeiten in Verbindung mit Trainings- und Leistungsdaten am Beispiel junger Kanuten},
  isbn      = {3-88020-343-1},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KruegerBeckmannFritzenbergetal.1999,
  author    = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Fritzenberg, Martin and Kellmann, Michael and Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Hans Henning and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine},
  title     = {Beanspruchungs-, Erm{\"u}dungs-, Erholungs- und Regenerationsprozesse bei Leistungssportlern mit k{\"o}rperlicher Behinderung},
  issn      = {0343-6586},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WickMartinKrueger1999,
  author    = {Wick, Ditmar and Martin, Daniela and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom},
  title     = {Belastungen der unteren Extremit{\"a}ten bei der Stepaerobic und beim Slide},
  isbn      = {3-88020-341-5},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{LohwasserWendlandReinhardtetal.2022,
  author    = {Lohwaßer, Roswitha and Wendland, Mirko and Reinhardt, Felix and Halibrand, Katharina and Deiseroth, Laura and Jennek, Julia and Strobel, Anne and Hackel, Manuela and Kr{\"u}ger, Sophie and Fischer, Tom and Bosse, Stefanie and Florian, Lena and Fabian, Melina and Israel, Franziska and Iffert, Mathias and Hintze, Ksenia and Wendland, Mirko and Egbert, Bj{\"o}rn and Heinz, Sarah and Bock, Sophia and Mutschler, Tanja and Burchard, Daniel and Musil, Andreas},
  title     = {Kentron : Journal zur Lehrerbildung = AHA Moment},
  number    = {35},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Zentrum f{\"u}r Lehrerbildung},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1867-4720},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59042},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-590429},
  pages     = {67},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HelmPrieskeMuehlbaueretal.2018,
  author    = {Helm, Norman and Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Chaabene, Helmi and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Validation of a new judo-specific ergometer system in male elite and sub-elite athletes},
  series = {Journal of sports science \& medicine},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Journal of sports science \& medicine},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University},
  address   = {Bursa},
  issn      = {1303-2968},
  pages     = {465 -- 474},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Our experimental approach included two studies to determine discriminative validity and test-retest reliability (study 1) as well as ecological validity (study 2) of a judo ergometer system while performing judo-specific movements. Sixteen elite (age: 23 +/- 3 years) and 11 sub-elite (age: 16 +/- 1 years) athletes participated in study 1 and 14 male sub-elite judo athletes participated in study 2. Discriminative validity and test-retest reliability of sport-specific parameters (mechanical work, maximal force) were assessed during pulling movements with and without tsukuri (kuzushi). Ecological validity of muscle activity was determined by performing pulling movements using the ergometer without tsukuri and during the same movements against an opponent. In both conditions, electromyographic activity of trunk (e.g., m. erector spinae) and upper limb muscles (e.g., m. biceps brachii) were assessed separately for the lifting and pulling arm. Elite athletes showed mostly better mechanical work, maximal force, and power (0.12 <= d <= 1.80) compared with sub-elite athletes. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed acceptable validity of the JERGo(C) system to discriminate athletes of different performance levels predominantly during kuzushi without tsukuri (area under the curve = 0.27-0.90). Moreover, small-to-medium discriminative validity was found to detect meaningful performance changes for mechanical work and maximal force. The JERGo(C) system showed small-to-high relative (ICC = 0.37-0.92) and absolute reliability (SEM = 10.8-18.8\%). Finally, our analyses revealed acceptable correlations (r = 0.41-0.88) between muscle activity during kuzushi performed with the JERGo(C) system compared with a judo opponent. Our findings indicate that the JERGo(C) system is a valid and reliable test instrument for the assessment and training of judo-specific pulling kinetics particularly during kuzushi movement without tsukuri.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrieskeMuehlbauerKruegeretal.2015,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kibele, A. and Behm, David George and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Sex-Specific effects of surface instability on drop jump and landing biomechanics},
  series = {International journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {International journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0172-4622},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0034-1384549},
  pages     = {75 -- 81},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This study investigated sex-specific effects of surface instability on kinetics and lower extremity kinematics during drop jumping and landing. Ground reaction forces as well as knee valgus and flexion angles were tested in 14 males (age: 23 +/- 2 years) and 14 females (age: 24 +/- 3 years) when jumping and landing on stable and unstable surfaces. Jump height was found to be significantly lower (9 \%, p < 0.001) when drop jumps were performed on unstable vs. stable surface. Significantly higher peak ground reaction forces were observed when jumping was performed on unstable vs. stable surfaces (5 \%, p = 0.022). Regarding frontal plane kinematics during jumping and landing, knee valgus angles were higher on unstable compared to stable surfaces (1932 \%, p < 0.05). Additionally, at the onset of ground contact during landings, females showed higher knee valgus angles than males (222 \%, p = 0.027). Sagittal plane kinematics indicated significantly smaller knee flexion angles (6-35 \%, p < 0.05) when jumping and landing on unstable vs. stable surfaces. During drop jumps and landings, women showed smaller knee flexion angles at ground contact compared to men (27-33 \%, p < 0.05). These findings imply that knee motion strategies were modified by surface instability and sex during drop jumps and landings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrieskeMuehlbauerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kibele, Armin and Behm, David George and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Effects of surface instability on neuromuscular performance during drop jumps and landings},
  series = {European journal of applied physiology},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {European journal of applied physiology},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1439-6319},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00421-013-2724-6},
  pages     = {2943 -- 2951},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surface instability on measures of performance and activity of leg and trunk muscles during drop jumps and landings. Drop jumps and landings were assessed on a force plate under stable and unstable (balance pad on top of the force plate) conditions. Performance measures (contact time, jump height, peak ground reaction force) and electromyographic (EMG) activity of leg and trunk muscles were tested in 27 subjects (age 23 +/- A 3 years) during different time intervals (preactivation phase, braking phase, push-off phase). The performance of drop jumps under unstable compared to stable conditions produced a decrease in jump height (9 \%, p < 0.001, f = 0.92) and an increase in peak ground reaction force (5 \%, p = 0.022, f = 0.72), and time for braking phase (12 \%, p < 0.001, f = 1.25). When performing drop jumps on unstable compared to stable surfaces, muscle activity was reduced in the lower extremities during the preactivation, braking and push-off phases (11-25 \%, p < 0.05, 0.48 a parts per thousand currency sign f a parts per thousand currency sign 1.23). Additionally, when landing on unstable compared to stable conditions, reduced lower limb muscle activities were observed during the preactivation phase (7-60 \%, p < 0.05, 0.50 a parts per thousand currency sign f a parts per thousand currency sign 3.62). Trunk muscle activity did not significantly differ between the test conditions for both jumping and landing tasks. The present findings indicate that modified feedforward mechanisms in terms of lower leg muscle activities during the preactivation phase and/or possible alterations in leg muscle activity shortly after ground contact (i.e., braking phase) are responsible for performance decrements during jumping on unstable surfaces.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HelmPrieskeMuehlbaueretal.2018,
  author    = {Helm, Norman and Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Effects of judo-specific resistance training on kinetic and electromyographic parameters of pulling exercises in judo athletes},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0043-122781},
  pages     = {134 -- 142},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background In judo, rapid force production during pulling movements is an important component of athletic performance, which is why this capacity needs to be specifically exercised in judo. This study aimed at examining the effects of a judo-specific resistance training program using a judo ergometer system (PTJ) versus a traditional resistance training regime using a partner (PTP) on kinetics and muscle activity of judo-specific pulling exercises. Method Twenty-four male judo athletes (age: 22 +/- 4 years, training experience: 15 +/- 3 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. In a crossover design, the first group completed a 4-week PTJ followed by four weeks of PTP (each with three sessions per week). The second group conducted PTP prior to PTJ. PTJ and PTP were completed in addition to regular training. Before, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after training, tests were conducted to assess judo-specific pulling kinetics (i.e. maximal force, rate of force development [RFD], mechanical work) and electromyographic (EMG) shoulder/trunk muscle activity (i.e. biceps brachii muscle, deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, erector spinae muscle) during pulling movements using a judo ergometer as well as unspecific strength tests (i.e. bench-pull, pull-ups). Results The statistical analysis revealed that in both groups ergometer pulling kinetics (p<.05, 0.83 <= d <= 1.77) and EMG activity (p<.05; 1.07 <= d <= 2.25) were significantly enhanced following 8 weeks of training. In addition, significantly larger gains in RFD, mechanical work, and EMG activity (i.e. deltoid muscle, erector spinae muscle, trapezius muscle) were found following PTJ compared to PTP (p<.05, 1.25 <= d <= 2.79). No significant enhancements were observed with the unspecific strength tests. Conclusion Our findings indicate that PTJ is superior to PTP regarding training-induced improvements in force production and muscle activity during judo-specific pulling exercises. Performance enhancements may partly be attributed to neural adaptations. No transfer effects on unspecific strength tests were detected following PTJ and PTP.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HelmPrieskeMuehlbaueretal.2020,
  author    = {Helm, Norman and Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Retzlaff, Matthias and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Associations between trunk muscle strength and judo-specific pulling performances in judo athletes},
  series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0932-0555},
  doi       = {10.1055/a-0677-9608},
  pages     = {18 -- 27},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Good trunk stability is an important prerequisite for the mobility of the upper and lower limbs during sport-specific movements. Therefore, trunk muscle strength may represent an important performance determinant for judo-specific movements. This study aimed at evaluating statistical correlations between trunk muscle strength and kinetic parameters during judo-specific pulling movements in judo players. Method: Twenty-one male sub-elite judo players aged 22 +/- 4 years with a mean training volume of 15 +/- 4 hours per week participated in this study. Peak isokinetic torque (PIT) of the trunk flexors (PITFlex), extensors (PITEx) and rotators (PITRot) was tested using an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoMed 2000). In addition, two kinetic parameters (mechanical work [W], maximal force [F-max]) were analysed using the judo-specific measurement and information system JERGo (c). For this purpose, athletes were asked to do their judo-specific pulling movements while standing and with a dynamic change of position (i.e. Morote-seoi-nage). Results: Regarding pulling movements while standing, significant correlations (0.62 <= r(P) <= 0.72) were found between isokinetic tests (PITFlex, PITEx, PITRot) and mechanical work during judo-specific movement. Further, significant correlations (0.59 <= r(P) <= 0.65) were detected between isokinetic tests (PITEx, PITRot) and judo-specific pulling movements (Fmax). Regarding pulling movements with a change of position, significant correlations (0.47 <= r(P) <= 0.88) were observed between isokinetics (PITFlex, PITEx, PITRot) and the kinetic pulling parameters (W, Fmax), irrespective of the examined arm. No significant differences in magnitude of correlation coefficients were found between PIT of the trunk flexors, extensors, and rotators and judo-specific movements. Further, the regression analysis indicated that PIT of the trunk extensors is the single best predictor for mechanical work during pulling movements while standing (46.9 \%). Trunk rotator PIT is the single best predictor for mechanical work during pulling movements with a change of position (69.4 \%). Conclusions: Findings from this study indicate that trunk muscle strength, particularly trunk rotator PIT is associated with kinetic pulling variables during pulling movements with a change of position. This implies that the development of trunk rotator strength could have an impact on pulling movements with a change of position (i.e. Morote-seoi-nage) in judo athletes.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PrieskeMuehlbauerKruegeretal.2015,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kibele, Armin and Behm, David George and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Role of the trunk during drop jumps on stable and unstable surfaces},
  series = {European journal of applied physiology},
  volume    = {115},
  journal   = {European journal of applied physiology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1439-6319},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00421-014-3004-9},
  pages     = {139 -- 146},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The present study investigated associations between trunk muscle strength, jump performance, and lower limb kinematics during drop jumps on stable and unstable surfaces. Next to this behavioral approach, correlations were also computed on a neuromuscular level between trunk and leg muscle activity during the same test conditions. Twenty-nine healthy and physically active subjects (age 23 +/- A 3 years) were enrolled in this study. Peak isokinetic torque (PIT) of the trunk flexors and extensors was assessed separately on an isokinetic device. In addition, tests included drop jumps (DJ) on a force plate under stable and unstable (i.e., balance pad on top of the force plate) surfaces. Lower limb kinematics as well as electromyographic activity of selected trunk and leg muscles were analyzed. Significant positive but small correlations (0.50 a parts per thousand currency sign r a parts per thousand currency sign 0.66, p < 0.05) were detected between trunk extensor PIT and athletic performance measures (i.e., DJ height, DJ performance index), irrespective of surface condition. Further, significant negative but small correlation coefficients were examined between trunk extensor PIT and knee valgus motion under stable and unstable surface conditions (-0.48 a parts per thousand currency sign r a parts per thousand currency sign -0.45, p < 0.05). In addition, significant positive but small correlations (0.45 a parts per thousand currency sign r a parts per thousand currency sign 0.68, p < 0.05) were found between trunk and leg muscle activity, irrespective of surface condition. Behavioral and neuromuscular data from this study indicate that, irrespective of the surface condition (i.e., jumping on stable or unstable ground), the trunk plays a minor role for leg muscle performance/activity during DJ. This implies only limited effects of trunk muscle strengthening on jump performance in the stretch-shortening cycle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PrieskeKruegerAehleetal.2018,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Aehle, Markus and Bauer, Erik and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Effects of Resisted Sprint Training and Traditional Power Training on Sprint, Jump, and Balance Performance in Healthy Young Adults},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2018.00156},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Power training programs have proved to be effective in improving components of physical fitness such as speed. According to the concept of training specificity, it was postulated that exercises must attempt to closely mimic the demands of the respective activity. When transferring this idea to speed development, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resisted sprint (RST) vs. traditional power training (TPT) on physical fitness in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy, physically active adults were randomly assigned to a RST (n = 10, 23 ± 3 years), a TPT (n = 9, 23 ± 3 years), or a passive control group (n = 16, 23 ± 2 years). RST and TPT exercised for 6 weeks with three training sessions/week each lasting 45-60 min. RST comprised frontal and lateral sprint exercises using an expander system with increasing levels of resistance that was attached to a treadmill (h/p/cosmos). TPT included ballistic strength training at 40\% of the one-repetition-maximum for the lower limbs (e.g., leg press, knee extensions). Before and after training, sprint (20-m sprint), change-of-direction speed (T-agility test), jump (drop, countermovement jump), and balance performances (Y balance test) were assessed. ANCOVA statistics revealed large main effects of group for 20-m sprint velocity and ground contact time (0.81 ≤ d ≤ 1.00). Post-hoc tests showed higher sprint velocity following RST and TPT (0.69 ≤ d ≤ 0.82) when compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to 4.5\% for RST [90\%CI: (-1.1\%;10.1\%), d = 1.23] and 2.6\% for TPT [90\%CI: (0.4\%;4.8\%), d = 1.59]. Additionally, ground contact times during sprinting were shorter following RST and TPT (0.68 ≤ d ≤ 1.09) compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to -6.3\% for RST [90\%CI: (-11.4\%;-1.1\%), d = 1.45) and -2.7\% for TPT [90\%CI: (-4.2\%;-1.2\%), d = 2.36]. Finally, effects for change-of-direction speed, jump, and balance performance varied from small-to-large. The present findings indicate that 6 weeks of RST and TPT produced similar effects on 20-m sprint performance compared with a passive control in healthy and physically active, young adults. However, no training-related effects were found for change-of-direction speed, jump and balance performance. We conclude that both training regimes can be applied for speed development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HannemannEulenfeldKruegeretal.2021,
  author    = {Hannemann, Katrin and Eulenfeld, Tom and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank and Dahm, Torsten},
  title     = {Seismic scattering and absorption of oceanic lithospheric S waves in the Eastern North Atlantic},
  series = {Geophysical journal international},
  volume    = {229},
  journal   = {Geophysical journal international},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0956-540X},
  doi       = {10.1093/gji/ggab493},
  pages     = {948 -- 961},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The scattering and absorption of high-frequency seismic waves in the oceanic lithosphere is to date only poorly constrained by observations. Such estimates would not only improve our understanding of the propagation of seismic waves, but also unravel the small-scale nature of the lithosphere and its variability. Our study benefits from two exceptional situations: (1) we deployed over 10 months a mid-aperture seismological array in the central part of the Eastern North Atlantic in 5 km water depth and (2) we could observe in total 340 high-frequency (up to 30 Hz) Po and So arrivals with tens to hundreds of seconds long seismic coda from local and regional earthquakes in a wide range of backazimuths and epicentral distances up to 850 km with a travel path in the oceanic lithosphere. Moreover, the array was located about 100 km north of the Gloria fault, defining the plate boundary between the Eurasian and African plates at this location which also allows an investigation of the influence of an abrupt change in lithospheric age (20 Ma in this case) on seismic waves. The waves travel with velocities indicating upper-mantle material. We use So waves and their coda of pre-selected earthquakes to estimate frequency-dependent seismic scattering and intrinsic attenuation parameters. The estimated scattering attenuation coefficients are between 10(-4) and 4 x 10(-5) m(-1) and are typical for the lithosphere or the upper mantle. Furthermore, the total quality factors for So waves below 5 Hz are between 20 and 500 and are well below estimates from previous modelling for observations in the Pacific Ocean. This implies that the Atlantic Ocean is more attenuative for So waves compared to the Pacific Ocean, which is inline with the expected behaviour for the lithospheric structures resulting from the slower spreading rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The results for the analysed events indicate that for frequencies above 3 Hz, intrinsic attenuation is equal to or slightly stronger than scattering attenuation and that the So-wave coda is weakly influenced by the oceanic crust. Both observations are in agreement with the proposed propagation mechanism of scattering in the oceanic mantle lithosphere. Furthermore, we observe an age dependence which shows that an increase in lithospheric age is associated with a decrease in attenuation. However, we also observe a trade-off of this age-dependent effect with either a change in lithospheric thickness or thermal variations, for example due to small-scale upwellings in the upper mantle in the southeast close to Madeira and the Canaries. Moreover, the influence of the nearby Gloria fault is visible in a reduction of the intrinsic attenuation below 3 Hz for estimates across the fault. This is the first study to estimate seismic scattering and absorption parameters of So waves for an area with several hundreds of kilometres radius centred in the Eastern North Atlantic and using them to characterize the nature of the oceanic lithosphere.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PrieskeKruegerAehleetal.2018,
  author    = {Prieske, Olaf and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Aehle, Markus and Bauer, Erik and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {Effects of Resisted Sprint Training and Traditional Power Training on Sprint, Jump, and Balance Performance in Healthy Young Adults},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {383},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409645},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Power training programs have proved to be effective in improving components of physical fitness such as speed. According to the concept of training specificity, it was postulated that exercises must attempt to closely mimic the demands of the respective activity. When transferring this idea to speed development, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of resisted sprint (RST) vs. traditional power training (TPT) on physical fitness in healthy young adults. Thirty-five healthy, physically active adults were randomly assigned to a RST (n = 10, 23 ± 3 years), a TPT (n = 9, 23 ± 3 years), or a passive control group (n = 16, 23 ± 2 years). RST and TPT exercised for 6 weeks with three training sessions/week each lasting 45-60 min. RST comprised frontal and lateral sprint exercises using an expander system with increasing levels of resistance that was attached to a treadmill (h/p/cosmos). TPT included ballistic strength training at 40\% of the one-repetition-maximum for the lower limbs (e.g., leg press, knee extensions). Before and after training, sprint (20-m sprint), change-of-direction speed (T-agility test), jump (drop, countermovement jump), and balance performances (Y balance test) were assessed. ANCOVA statistics revealed large main effects of group for 20-m sprint velocity and ground contact time (0.81 ≤ d ≤ 1.00). Post-hoc tests showed higher sprint velocity following RST and TPT (0.69 ≤ d ≤ 0.82) when compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to 4.5\% for RST [90\%CI: (-1.1\%;10.1\%), d = 1.23] and 2.6\% for TPT [90\%CI: (0.4\%;4.8\%), d = 1.59]. Additionally, ground contact times during sprinting were shorter following RST and TPT (0.68 ≤ d ≤ 1.09) compared to the control group, but no difference between RST and TPT. Pre-to-post changes amounted to -6.3\% for RST [90\%CI: (-11.4\%;-1.1\%), d = 1.45) and -2.7\% for TPT [90\%CI: (-4.2\%;-1.2\%), d = 2.36]. Finally, effects for change-of-direction speed, jump, and balance performance varied from small-to-large. The present findings indicate that 6 weeks of RST and TPT produced similar effects on 20-m sprint performance compared with a passive control in healthy and physically active, young adults. However, no training-related effects were found for change-of-direction speed, jump and balance performance. We conclude that both training regimes can be applied for speed development.},
  language  = {en}
}