@unpublished{AcharyaActisAghajanietal.2013,
  author    = {Acharya, B. S. and Actis, M. and Aghajani, T. and Agnetta, G. and Aguilar, J. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Ajello, M. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Alcubierre, M. and Aleksic, J. and Alfaro, R. and Aliu, E. and Allafort, A. J. and Allan, D. and Allekotte, I. and Amato, E. and Anderson, J. and Ang{\"u}ner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan and Antonelli, L. A. and Antoranz, P. and Aravantinos, A. and Arlen, T. and Armstrong, T. and Arnaldi, H. and Arrabito, L. and Asano, K. and Ashton, T. and Asorey, H. G. and Awane, Y. and Baba, H. and Babic, A. and Baby, N. and Baehr, J. and Bais, A. and Baixeras, C. and Bajtlik, S. and Balbo, M. and Balis, D. and Balkowski, C. and Bamba, A. and Bandiera, R. and Barber, A. and Barbier, C. and Barcelo, M. and Barnacka, Anna and Barnstedt, J{\"u}rgen and Barres de Almeida, U. and Barrio, J. A. and Basili, A. and Basso, S. and Bastieri, D. and Bauer, C. and Baushev, Anton N. and Becerra Gonzalez, J. and Becherini, Yvonne and Bechtol, K. C. and Tjus, J. Becker and Beckmann, Volker and Bednarek, W. and Behera, B. and Belluso, M. and Benbow, W. and Berdugo, J. and Berger, K. and Bernard, F. and Bernardino, T. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Bhat, N. and Bhattacharyya, S. and Bigongiari, C. and Biland, A. and Billotta, S. and Bird, T. and Birsin, E. and Bissaldi, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bitossi, M. and Blake, S. and Blanch Bigas, O. and Blasi, P. and Bobkov, A. A. and Boccone, V. and Boettcher, Markus and Bogacz, L. and Bogart, J. and Bogdan, M. and Boisson, Catherine and Boix Gargallo, J. and Bolmont, J. and Bonanno, G. and Bonardi, A. and Bonev, T. and Bonifacio, P. and Bonnoli, G. and Bordas, Pol and Borgland, A. W. and Borkowski, Janett and Bose, R. and Botner, O. and Bottani, A. and Bouchet, L. and Bourgeat, M. and Boutonnet, C. and Bouvier, A. and Brau-Nogue, S. and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Briggs, M. S. and Bringmann, T. and Brook, P. and Brun, Pierre and Brunetti, L. and Buanes, T. and Buckley, J. H. and Buehler, R. and Bugaev, V. and Bulgarelli, A. and Bulik, Tomasz and Busetto, G. and Buson, S. and Byrum, K. and Cailles, M. and Cameron, R. A. and Camprecios, J. and Canestrari, R. and Cantu, S. and Capalbi, M. and Caraveo, P. A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Carr, John and Carton, P. H. and Casanova, Sabrina and Casiraghi, M. and Catalano, O. and Cavazzani, S. and Cazaux, S. and Cerruti, M. and Chabanne, E. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Champion, C. and Chen, Andrew and Chiang, J. and Chiappetti, L. and Chikawa, M. and Chitnis, V. R. and Chollet, F. and Chudoba, J. and Cieslar, M. and Cillis, A. N. and Cohen-Tanugi, J. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Colin, P. and Calome, J. and Colonges, S. and Compin, M. and Conconi, P. and Conforti, V. and Connaughton, V. and Conrad, Jan and Contreras, J. L. and Coppi, P. and Corona, P. and Corti, D. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Costantini, H. and Cotter, G. and Courty, B. and Couturier, S. and Covino, S. and Crimi, G. and Criswell, S. J. and Croston, J. and Cusumano, G. and Dafonseca, M. and Dale, O. and Daniel, M. and Darling, J. and Davids, I. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Caprio, V. and De Frondat, F. and de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. and de la Calle, I. and De La Vega, G. A. and Lopez, R. de los Reyes and De Lotto, B. and De Luca, A. and de Mello Neto, J. R. T. and de Naurois, M. and de Oliveira, Y. and de Ona Wilhelmi, E. and de Souza, V. and Decerprit, G. and Decock, G. and Deil, C. and Delagnes, E. and Deleglise, G. and Delgado, C. and Della Volpe, D. and Demange, P. and Depaola, G. and Dettlaff, A. and Di Paola, A. and Di Pierro, F. and Diaz, C. and Dick, J. and Dickherber, R. and Dickinson, H. and Diez-Blanco, V. and Digel, S. and Dimitrov, D. and Disset, G. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Doert, M. and Dohmke, M. and Domainko, W. and Prester, Dijana Dominis and Donat, A. and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Dournaux, J-L. and Drake, G. and Dravins, D. and Drury, L. and Dubois, F. and Dubois, R. and Dubus, G. and Dufour, C. and Dumas, D. and Dumm, J. and Durand, D. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Ebr, J. and Edy, E. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Einecke, S. and Eleftheriadis, C. and Elles, S. and Emmanoulopoulos, D. and Engelhaupt, D. and Enomoto, R. and Ernenwein, J-P and Errando, M. and Etchegoyen, A. and Evans, P. and Falcone, A. and Fantinel, D. and Farakos, K. and Farnier, C. and Fasola, G. and Favill, B. and Fede, E. and Federici, S. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Ferenc, D. and Ferrando, P. and Fesquet, M. and Fiasson, A. and Fillin-Martino, E. and Fink, D. and Finley, C. and Finley, J. P. and Fiorini, M. and Firpo Curcoll, R. and Flores, H. and Florin, D. and Focke, W. and Foehr, C. and Fokitis, E. and Font, L. and Fontaine, G. and Fornasa, M. and Foerster, A. and Fortson, L. and Fouque, N. and Franckowiak, A. and Fransson, C. and Fraser, G. and Frei, R. and Albuquerque, I. F. M. and Fresnillo, L. and Fruck, C. and Fujita, Y. and Fukazawa, Y. and Fukui, Y. and Funk, S. and Gaebele, W. and Gabici, S. and Gabriele, R. and Gadola, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Gallant, Y. and Gamez-Garcia, J. and Garcia, B. and Garcia Lopez, R. and Gardiol, D. and Garrido, D. and Garrido, L. and Gascon, D. and Gaug, M. and Gaweda, J. and Gebremedhin, L. and Geffroy, N. and Gerard, L. and Ghedina, A. and Ghigo, M. and Giannakaki, E. and Gianotti, F. and Giarrusso, S. and Giavitto, G. and Giebels, B. and Gika, V. and Giommi, P. and Girard, N. and Giro, E. and Giuliani, A. and Glanzman, T. and Glicenstein, J. -F. and Godinovic, N. and Golev, V. and Gomez Berisso, M. and Gomez-Ortega, J. and Gonzalez, M. M. and Gonzalez, A. and Gonzalez, F. and Gonzalez Munoz, A. and Gothe, K. 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  title     = {Introducing the CTA concept},
  series = {Astroparticle physics},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {Astroparticle physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  organization    = {CTA Consortium},
  issn      = {0927-6505},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.01.007},
  pages     = {3 -- 18},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ActisAgnettaAharonianetal.2011,
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L. and Naumann, D. and Nayman, P. and Nedbal, D. and Niedzwiecki, A. and Niemiec, J. and Nikolaidis, A. and Nishijima, K. and Nolan, S. J. and Nowak, N. and O'Brien, P. T. and Ochoa, I. and Ohira, Y. and Ohishi, M. and Ohka, H. and Okumura, A. and Olivetto, C. and Ong, R. A. and Orito, R. and Orr, M. and Osborne, J. P. and Ostrowski, M. and Otero, L. and Otte, A. N. and Ovcharov, E. and Oya, I. and Ozieblo, A. and Paiano, S. and Pallota, J. and Panazol, J. L. and Paneque, D. and Panter, M. and Paoletti, R. and Papyan, G. and Paredes, J. M. and Pareschi, G. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pedaletti, G. and Pepato, A. and Persic, M. and Petrucci, P. O. and Peyaud, B. and Piechocki, W. and Pita, S. and Pivato, G. and Platos, L. and Platzer, R. and Pogosyan, L. and Pohl, Martin and Pojmanski, G. and Ponz, J. D. and Potter, W. and Prandini, E. and Preece, R. and Prokoph, H. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quel, E. and Quirrenbach, A. and Rajda, P. and Rando, R. and Rataj, M. and Raue, M. and Reimann, C. and Reimann, O. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and Renner, S. and Reymond, J. -M. and Rhode, W. and Ribo, M. and Ribordy, M. and Rico, J. and Rieger, F. and Ringegni, P. and Ripken, J. and Ristori, P. and Rivoire, S. and Rob, L. and Rodriguez, S. and Roeser, U. and Romano, Patrizia and Romero, G. E. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rovero, A. C. and Roy, F. and Royer, S. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Ruppel, J. and Russo, F. and Ryde, F. and Sacco, B. and Saggion, A. and Sahakian, V. and Saito, K. and Saito, T. and Sakaki, N. and Salazar, E. and Salini, A. and Sanchez, F. and Sanchez Conde, M. A. and Santangelo, Andrea and Santos, E. M. and Sanuy, A. and Sapozhnikov, L. and Sarkar, S. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Scarcioffolo, M. and Schanz, T. and Schlenstedt, S. and Schlickeiser, R. and Schmidt, T. and Schmoll, J. and Schroedter, M. and Schultz, C. and Schultze, J. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schweizer, T. and Seiradakis, J. and Selmane, S. and Seweryn, K. and Shayduk, M. and Shellard, R. C. and Shibata, T. and Sikora, M. and Silk, J. and Sillanpaa, A. and Sitarek, J. and Skole, C. and Smith, N. and Sobczynska, D. and Sofo Haro, M. and Sol, H. and Spanier, F. and Spiga, D. and Spyrou, S. and Stamatescu, V. and Stamerra, A. and Starling, R. L. C. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Steiner, S. and Stergioulas, N. and Sternberger, R. and Stinzing, F. and Stodulski, M. and Straumann, U. and Suarez, A. and Suchenek, M. and Sugawara, R. and Sulanke, K. H. and Sun, S. and Supanitsky, A. D. and Sutcliffe, P. and Szanecki, M. and Szepieniec, T. and Szostek, A. and Szymkowiak, A. and Tagliaferri, G. and Tajima, H. and Takahashi, H. and Takahashi, K. and Takalo, L. and Takami, H. and Talbot, R. G. and Tam, P. H. and Tanaka, M. and Tanimori, T. and Tavani, M. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Tchernin, C. and Tejedor, L. A. and Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Temnikov, P. and Tenzer, C. and Terada, Y. and Terrier, R. and Teshima, M. and Testa, V. and Tibaldo, L. and Tibolla, O. and Tluczykont, M. and Peixoto, C. J. Todero and Tokanai, F. and Tokarz, M. and Toma, K. and Torres, D. F. and Tosti, G. and Totani, T. and Toussenel, F. and Vallania, P. and Vallejo, G. and van der Walt, J. and van Eldik, C. and Vandenbroucke, J. and Vankov, H. and Vasileiadis, G. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Vegas, I. and Venter, L. and Vercellone, S. and Veyssiere, C. and Vialle, J. 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  title     = {Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy},
  series = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  organization    = {CTA Consortium},
  issn      = {0922-6435},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10686-011-9247-0},
  pages     = {193 -- 316},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbdallaAdamAharonianetal.2020,
  author    = {Abdalla, H. and Adam, R. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Benkhali, F. Ait and Ang{\"u}ner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan and Arcaro, C. and Armand, C. and Armstrong, T. and Ashkar, H. and Backes, M. and Baghmanyan, V. and Martins, V. Barbosa and Barnacka, A. and Barnard, M. and Becherini, Y. and Berge, D. and Bernlohr, K. and Bi, B. and Bottcher, M. and Boisson, C. and Bolmont, J. and de Lavergne, M. de Bony and Bordas, Pol and Breuhaus, M. and Brun, F. and Brun, P. and Bryan, M. and Buchele, M. and Bulik, T. and Bylund, T. and Caroff, S. and Carosi, A. and Casanova, Sabrina and Chand, T. and Chandra, S. and Chen, A. and Cotter, G. and Curylo, M. and Mbarubucyeye, J. Damascene and Davids, I. D. and Davies, J. and Deil, C. and Devin, J. and deWilt, P. and Dirson, L. and Djannati-Atai, A. and Dmytriiev, A. and Donath, A. and Doroshenko, V. and Duffy, C. and Dyks, J. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eichhorn, F. and Einecke, S. and Emery, G. and Ernenwein, J. -P. and Feijen, K. and Fegan, S. and Fiasson, A. and de Clairfontaine, G. Fichet and Fontaine, G. and Funk, S. and Fussling, Matthias and Gabici, S. and Gallant, Y. A. and Giavitto, G. and Giunti, L. and Glawion, D. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Gottschall, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Hahn, J. and Haupt, M. and Hermann, G. and Hinton, J. A. and Hofmann, W. and Hoischen, Clemens and Holch, T. L. and Holler, M. and Horbe, M. and Horns, D. and Huber, D. and Jamrozy, M. and Jankowsky, D. and Jankowsky, F. and Jardin-Blicq, A. and Joshi, V. and Jung-Richardt, I. and Kasai, E. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Khangulyan, D. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Kluzniak, W. and Komin, Nu. and Konno, R. and Kosack, K. and Kostunin, D. and Kreter, M. and Lamanna, G. and Lemiere, A. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Levy, C. and Lohse, T. and Lypova, I. and Mackey, J. and Majumdar, J. and Malyshev, D. and Malyshev, D. and Marandon, V. and Marchegiani, P. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Mares, A. and Marti-Devesa, G. and Marx, R. and Maurin, G. and Meintjes, P. J. and Meyer, M. and Mitchell, A. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Mohrmann, L. and Montanari, A. and Moore, C. and Morris, P. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Muller, J. and Murach, T. and Nakashima, K. and Nayerhoda, A. and de Naurois, M. and Ndiyavala, H. and Niederwanger, F. and Niemiec, J. and Oakes, L. and O'Brien, Patrick and Odaka, H. and Ohm, S. and Olivera-Nieto, L. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Panny, S. and Parsons, R. D. and Peron, G. and Peyaud, B. and Piel, Q. and Pita, S. and Poireau, V. and Noel, A. Priyana and Prokhorov, D. A. and Prokoph, H. and Puhlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Rauth, R. and Reichherzer, P. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Remy, Q. and Renaud, M. and Rieger, F. and Rinchiuso, L. and Romoli, C. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Ruiz-Velasco, E. and Sahakian, V. and Sailer, S. and Sanchez, D. A. and Santangelo, Andrea and Sasaki, M. and Scalici, M. and Schussler, F. and Schutte, H. M. and Schwanke, U. and Schwemmer, S. and Seglar-Arroyo, M. and Senniappan, M. and Seyffert, A. S. and Shafi, N. and Shiningayamwe, K. and Simoni, R. and Sinha, A. and Sol, H. and Specovius, A. and Spencer, S. and Spir-Jacob, M. and Stawarz, L. and Sun, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, C. and Steinmassl, S. and Steppa, C. and Takahashi, T. and Tavernier, T. and Taylor, A. M. and Terrier, R. and Tiziani, D. and Tluczykont, M. and Tomankova, L. and Trichard, C. and Tsirou, M. and Tuffs, R. and Uchiyama, Y. and van der Walt, D. J. and van Eldik, C. and van Rensburg, C. and van Soelen, B. and Vasileiadis, G. and Veh, J. and Venter, C. and Vincent, P. and Vink, J. and Volk, H. J. and Vuillaume, T. and Wadiasingh, Z. and Wagner, S. J. and Watson, J. and Werner, F. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wong, Yu Wun and Yusafzai, A. and Zacharias, M. and Zanin, R. and Zargaryan, D. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zhu, S. J. and Ziegler, A. and Zorn, J. and Zouari, S. and Zywucka, N.},
  title     = {An extreme particle accelerator in the Galactic plane},
  series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  volume    = {644},
  journal   = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  publisher = {EDP Sciences},
  address   = {Les Ulis},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/202038851},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The unidentified very-high-energy (VHE; E > 0.1 TeV) gamma -ray source, HESS J1826-130, was discovered with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) in the Galactic plane. The analysis of 215 h of HESS data has revealed a steady gamma -ray flux from HESS J1826-130, which appears extended with a half-width of 0.21 degrees +/- 0.02 <br /> (stat)degrees <br /> stat degrees +/- 0.05 <br /> (sys)degrees sys degrees . The source spectrum is best fit with either a power-law function with a spectral index Gamma = 1.78 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and an exponential cut-off at 15.2 <br /> (+5.5)(-3.2) -3.2+5.5 TeV, or a broken power-law with Gamma (1) = 1.96 +/- 0.06(stat) +/- 0.20(sys), Gamma (2) = 3.59 +/- 0.69(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) for energies below and above E-br = 11.2 +/- 2.7 TeV, respectively. The VHE flux from HESS J1826-130 is contaminated by the extended emission of the bright, nearby pulsar wind nebula, HESS J1825-137, particularly at the low end of the energy spectrum. Leptonic scenarios for the origin of HESS J1826-130 VHE emission related to PSR J1826-1256 are confronted by our spectral and morphological analysis. In a hadronic framework, taking into account the properties of dense gas regions surrounding HESS J1826-130, the source spectrum would imply an astrophysical object capable of accelerating the parent particle population up to greater than or similar to 200 TeV. Our results are also discussed in a multiwavelength context, accounting for both the presence of nearby supernova remnants, molecular clouds, and counterparts detected in radio, X-rays, and TeV energies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DybingDoeGrotenetal.2002,
  author    = {Dybing, E. and Doe, J. and Groten, J. and Kleiner, J. and O'Brien, J. and Renwick, A. G. and Schlatter, J. and Steinberg, Pablo and Tritschler, A. and Walker, R. and Younes, M.},
  title     = {Hazard characterisation of chemicals in food and diet : dose response, mechanisms and extrapolation issues},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KronerWildeO'Brienetal.2005,
  author    = {Kroner, Alfred and Wilde, S. A. and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Li, J. H. and Passchier, C. W. and Walte, N. P. and Liu, Dun Yi},
  title     = {Field relationships, geochemistry, zircon ages and evolution of a late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic lower crustal section in the Hengshan Terrain of northern China},
  issn      = {1000-9515},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The Hengshan complex forms part of the central zone of the North China Craton and consists predominantly of ductilely-deformed late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic high-grade, partly migmatitic, granitoid orthogneisses, intruded by mafic dykes of gabbroic composition. Many highly strained rocks were previously misinterpreted as supracrustal sequences and represent mylonitized granitoids and sheared dykes. Our single zircon dating documents magmatic granitoid emplacement ages between 2.52 Ga and 2.48 Ga, with rare occurrences of 2.7 Ga gneisses, possibly reflecting an older basement. A few granitic gneisses have emplacement ages between 2.35 and 2.1 Ga and show the same structural features as the older rocks, indicating that the main deformation occurred after similar to 2.1 Ga. Intrusion of gabbroic dykes occurred at similar to 1920 Ma, and all Hengshan rocks underwent granulite-facies metamorphism at 1.88-1.85 Ga, followed by retrogression, shearing and uplift. We interpret the Hengshan and adjacent Fuping granitoid gneisses as the lower, plutonic, part of a late Archaean to early Palaeoproterozoic Japan-type magmatic arc, with the upper, volcanic part represented by the nearby Wutai complex. Components of this arc may have evolved at a continental margin as indicated by the 2.7 Ga zircons. Major deformation and HP metamorphism occurred in the late Palaeoproterozoic during the Luliang orogeny when the Eastern and Western blocks of the North China Craton collided to form the Trans-North China orogen. Shear zones in the Hengshan are interpreted as major lower crustal discontinuities post-dating the peak of HP metamorphism, and we suggest that they formed during orogenic collapse and uplift of the Hengshan complex in the late Palaeoproterozoic (< 1.85 Ga)},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{O'BrienWalteLi2005,
  author    = {O'Brien, Patrick J. and Walte, N. P and Li, J. H.},
  title     = {The petrology of two distinct granulite types in the Hengshan Mts, China, and tectonic implications},
  issn      = {1367-9120},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The Archean to Proterozoic Hengshan Complex (North China Craton), comprises tonalitic and granodioritic gneisses with subordinate mafic lenses, pegmatites and granites. Amphibolite facies assemblages predominate, although granulite-facies relics are widespread, and greenschist-facies retrogression occurs in km-wide shear zones. Mafic lenses, locally abundant, occur as strongly deformed amphibolite (hornblende + plagioclase) boudins or sheets. In contrast to previously published models we find two series of mafic rocks with distinctly different granulite-facies evolutions. In the north of the complex, relict high-pressure mafic granulites are garnet + clinopyroxene-bearing rocks with a secondary development of orthopyroxene around both garnet (kelyphites) and clinopyroxene (coronas). South of the newly defined central, E-W-trending, Zhujiafang shear zone, numerous mafic boudins and less-deformed dykes exhibit a macroscopically visible magmatic texture with coronitic growth of metamorphic garnet (full of quartz inclusions) between the magmatic plagioclase and pyroxene domains. Additional orthopyroxene (after magmatic augite) and sodic rims to magmatic plagioclase clearly indicate medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism. These findings suggest tectonic juxtaposition in this area of three different structural levels of the same Proterozoic-imprinted crust: high-pressure granulite grade in the northern Hengshan, medium-pressure granulite grade in the southern Hengshan and amphibolite- to greenschist-facies grade in the Wutaishan to the SE. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarswellBruecknerCuthbertetal.2003,
  author    = {Carswell, D. A. and Brueckner, H. K. and Cuthbert, S. J. and Mehta, K. and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {The timing of stabilisation and the exhumation rate for ultra-high pressure rocks in the Western Gneiss Region of Norway},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TreloarO'BrienParrishetal.2003,
  author    = {Treloar, P. J. and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Parrish, R. R. and Khan, M. A.},
  title     = {Exhumation of early Tertiary, coesite-bearing eclogites from the Pakistan Himalaya},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiKroenerQianetal.2000,
  author    = {Li, J. H. and Kr{\"o}ner, Alfred and Qian, X. L. and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {Tectonic evolution of an early Precambrian high-pressure granulite belt in the North China Craton},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BarnettWestburySandovalVelascoetal.2020,
  author    = {Barnett, Ross and Westbury, Michael V. and Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela and Vieira, Filipe Garrett and Jeon, Sungwon and Zazula, Grant and Martin, Michael D. and Ho, Simon Y. W. and Mather, Niklas and Gopalakrishnan, Shyam and Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin and de Manuel, Marc and Zepeda-Mendoza, M. Lisandra and Antunes, Agostinho and Baez, Aldo Carmona and De Cahsan, Binia and Larson, Greger and O'Brien, Stephen J. and Eizirik, Eduardo and Johnson, Warren E. and Koepfli, Klaus-Peter and Wilting, Andreas and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Dalen, Love and Lorenzen, Eline D. and Marques-Bonet, Tomas and Hansen, Anders J. and Zhang, Guojie and Bhak, Jong and Yamaguchi, Nobuyuki and Gilbert, M. Thomas P.},
  title     = {Genomic adaptations and evolutionary history of the extinct scimitar-toothed cat},
  series = {Current biology},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Current biology},
  number    = {24},
  publisher = {Cell Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {0960-9822},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.051},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Homotherium was a genus of large-bodied scimitar-toothed cats, morphologically distinct from any extant felid species, that went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene [1-4]. They possessed large, saber-form serrated canine teeth, powerful forelimbs, a sloping back, and an enlarged optic bulb, all of which were key characteristics for predation on Pleistocene megafauna [5]. Previous mitochondrial DNA phylogenies suggested that it was a highly divergent sister lineage to all extant cat species [6-8]. However, mitochondrial phylogenies can be misled by hybridization [9], incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), or sex-biased dispersal patterns [10], which might be especially relevant for Homotherium since widespread mito-nuclear discrepancies have been uncovered in modern cats [10]. To examine the evolutionary history of Homotherium, we generated a -7x nuclear genome and a similar to 38x exome from H. latidens using shotgun and target-capture sequencing approaches. Phylogenetic analyses reveal Homotherium as highly divergent (similar to 22.5 Ma) from living cat species, with no detectable signs of gene flow. Comparative genomic analyses found signatures of positive selection in several genes, including those involved in vision, cognitive function, and energy consumption, putatively consistent with diurnal activity, well-developed social behavior, and cursorial hunting [5]. Finally, we uncover relatively high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting that Homotherium may have been more abundant than the limited fossil record suggests [3, 4, 11-14]. Our findings complement and extend previous inferences from both the fossil record and initial molecular studies, enhancing our understanding of the evolution and ecology of this remarkable lineage.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{O'Brien2006,
  author    = {O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {The age of deep, steep continental subduction in the NW Himalaya : relating zircon growth to metamorphic history. Comment on: "The onset of India-Asia continental collision: Early, steep subduction required by the timing of UHP metamorphism in the western Himalaya" by Mary L. Leech, S. Singh, A.K. Jain, Simon L. Klemperer and R.M. Manickavasagam, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 83-97},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.03.033},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Leech et al. [Mary L. Leech, S. Singh, A.K. Jain, Simon L. Klemperer and R.M. Manickavasagam, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 234 (2005) 83-97], present 3 clusters of ages for growth stages in zircon from quartzo- feldspathic gneisses hosting coesite-bearing eclogite from the Tso Morari Complex, NW India. These age clusters, from oldest to youngest, are interpreted to represent the age of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, a subsequent eclogite facies overprint and a later amphibolite facies retrogression and require subduction of Indian crust to have started earlier than previously accepted. However, no petrographic evidence, such as inclusions in the zircons relating to particular metamorphic events, is presented to substantiate the proposed sequence of metamorphic stages. Previously published data from eclogites of the same area indicate that coesite-eclogite is not the first but at least the second eclogite facies stage. In addition, the newly proposed time interval between coesite-eclogite and the amphibolite facies overprint is longer than previously indicated by diffusion modelling of natural garnet-garnet couples in eclogite. Neither the age of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism nor the timing of initiation of subduction is reliably constrained by the presented data},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KonradSchmolkeHandyBabistetal.2005,
  author    = {Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias and Handy, Mark R. and Babist, Jochen and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {Thermodynamic modelling of diffusion-controlled garnet growth},
  issn      = {0010-7999},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Numerical thermodynamic modelling of mineral composition and modes for specified pressure-temperature paths reveals the strong influence of fractional garnet crystallisation, as well as water fractionation, on garnet growth histories in high pressure rocks. Disequilibrium element incorporation in garnet due to the development of chemical inhomogeneities around porphyroblasts leads to pronounced episodic growth and may even cause growth interruptions. Discontinuous growth, together with pressure- and temperature-dependent changes in garnet chemistry, cause zonation patterns that are indicative of different degrees of disequilibrium element incorporation. Chemical inhomogeneities in the matrix surrounding garnet porphyroblasts strongly affect garnet growth and lead to compositional discontinuities and steep compositional gradients in the garnet zonation pattern. Further, intergranular diffusion-controlled calcium incorporation can lead to a characteristic rise in grossular and spessartine contents at lower metamorphic conditions. The observation that garnet zonation patterns diagnostic of large and small fractionation effects coexist within the same sample suggests that garnet growth is often controlled by small-scale variations in the bulk rock chemistry. Therefore, the spatial distribution of garnet grains and their zonation patterns, together with numerical growth models of garnet zonation patterns, yield information about the processes limiting garnet growth. These processes include intercrystalline element transport and dissolution of pre-existing grains. Discontinuities in garnet growth induced by limited element supply can mask traces of the thermobarometric history of the rock. Therefore, thermodynamic modelling that considers fractional disequilibrium crystallisation is required to interpret compositional garnet zonation in terms of a quantitative pressure and temperature path of the host rock},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KonradSchmolkeZackO'Brien2009,
  author    = {Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias and Zack, Thomas and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {Combining thermodynamic and trace element modeling : a tool to quantify mineral reactions and trace element budgets during metamorphism},
  issn      = {0016-7037},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.009},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerO'BrienKennedyetal.2003,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Andreas and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Kennedy, Allen and Kr{\"o}ner, Alfred},
  title     = {Linking growth episodes of zircon and metamorphic textures to zircon chemistry : an example from the ultra-high temperature granulites of Rogaland (SW Norway)},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CarswellTuckerO'Brienetal.2003,
  author    = {Carswell, D. A. and Tucker, R. D. and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Krogh, T. E.},
  title     = {Coesite Micro-Inclusions and the U-Pb Age of Zircons from the Hareidland Eclogite in the Western Gneiss Region of Norway},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MassonneO'Brien2003,
  author    = {Massonne, Hans-Joachim and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {The Bohemian Massif and the NW Himalayas},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerO'BrienKennedyetal.2002,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Andreas and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Kennedy, Allen and Kr{\"o}ner, Alfred},
  title     = {Polyphase zircon in ultrahigh-temperature granulites (Rogaland, SW Norway) : constraints for Pb diffusion in zircon},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {SHRIMP U-Pb ages have been obtained for zircon in granitic gneisses from the aureole of the Rogaland anorthosite-norite intrusive complex, both from the ultrahigh temperature (UHT; >900 °C pigeonite-in) zone and from outside the hypersthene-in isograd. Magmatic and metamorphic segments of composite zircon were characterised on the basis of electron backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence images plus trace element analysis. A sample from outside the UHT zone has magmatic cores with an age of 1034 ± 7 Ma (2{sigma}, n = 8) and 1052 ± 5 Ma (1{sigma}, n = 1) overgrown by M1 metamorphic rims giving ages between 1020 ± 7 and 1007 ± 5 Ma.In contrast, samples from the UHT zone exhibit four major age groups:(1) magmatic cores yielding ages over 1500 Ma(2) magmatic cores giving ages of 1034 ± 13 Ma (2{sigma}, n = 4) and 1056 ± 10 Ma (1{sigma}, n = 1)(3) metamorphic overgrowths ranging in age between 1017 ± 6 Ma and 992 ± 7 Ma (1{sigma}) corresponding to the regional M1 Sveconorwegian granulite facies metamorphism, and(4) overgrowths corresponding to M2 UHT contact metamorphism giving values of 922 ± 14 Ma (2{sigma}, n = 6). Recrystallized areas in zircon from both areas define a further age group at 974 ± 13 Ma (2{sigma}, n = 4).This study presents the first evidence from Rogaland for new growth of zircon resulting from UHT contact metamorphism. More importantly, it shows the survival of magmatic and regional metamorphic zircon relics in rocks that experienced a thermal overprint of c. 950 °C for at least 1 Myr. Magmatic and different metamorphic zones in the same zircon are sharply bounded and preserve original crystallization age information, a result inconsistent with some experimental data on Pb diffusion in zircon which predict measurable Pb diffusion under such conditions. The implication is that resetting of zircon ages by diffusion during M2 was negligible in these dry granulite facies rocks. Imaging and Th/U-Y systematics indicate that the main processes affecting zircon were dissolution-reprecipitation in a closed system and solid-state recrystallization during and soon after M1.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CookeO'BrienCarswell2000,
  author    = {Cooke, R. A. and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Carswell, D. A.},
  title     = {Garnet zoning and the identification of equilibrium mineral compositions in high-pressure-temperature granulites from the Moldanubian Zone, Austria},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CookeO'Brien2001,
  author    = {Cooke, R. A. and O'Brien, Patrick J.},
  title     = {Resolving the relationship between high P-T rocks and gneisses in collisional terranes : an example from the Gf{\"o}hl gneiss-granulite association in the Moldanubian Zone, Austria},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{O'BrienZotovLawetal.2001,
  author    = {O'Brien, Patrick J. and Zotov, Nikolay and Law, Robin and Khan, M. Azam and Jan, M. Q.},
  title     = {Coesite in Himalayan eclogite and implications for models of India-Asia collision},
  issn      = {0091-7613},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}