@article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2012,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and de Almeida, U. Barres and Becherini, Yvonne and Becker, J. and Behera, B. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Buesching, I. and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Charbonnier, A. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Clapson, A. C. and Coignet, G. and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Gast, H. and Gerard, L. and Gerbig, D. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goret, P. and Goering, D. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hampf, D. and Hauser, M. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hoffmann, A. and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, M. and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and de Jager, O. C. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Keogh, D. and Khangulyan, D. and Khelifi, B. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Komin, Nu. and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, D. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Moderski, R. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nekrassov, D. and Nguyen, N. and Nicholas, B. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pedaletti, G. and Pelletier, G. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raue, M. and Rayner, S. M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Ruppel, J. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schoeck, F. M. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Vialle, J. P. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. -S. and Aleksic, J. and Antonelli, L. A. and Antoranz, P. and Backes, Michael and Barrio, J. A. and Bastieri, D. and Becerra Gonzalez, J. and Bednarek, W. and Berdyugin, A. and Berger, K. and Bernardini, E. and Biland, A. and Blanch Bigas, O. and Bock, R. K. and Boller, A. and Bonnoli, G. and Tridon, D. Borla and Braun, I. and Bretz, T. and Canellas, A. and Carmona, E. and Carosi, A. and Colin, P. and Colombo, E. and Contreras, J. L. and Cortina, J. and Cossio, L. and Covino, S. and Dazzi, F. and De Angelis, A. and De Cea del Pozo, E. and De Lotto, B. and Delgado Mendez, C. and Diago Ortega, A. and Doert, M. and Dominguez, A. and Prester, Dijana Dominis and Dorner, D. and Doro, M. and Elsaesser, D. and Ferenc, D. and Fonseca, M. V. and Font, L. and Fruck, C. and Garcia Lopez, R. J. and Garczarczyk, M. and Garrido, D. and Giavitto, G. and Godinovic, N. and Hadasch, D. and Haefner, D. and Herrero, A. and Hildebrand, D. and Hoehne-Moench, D. and Hose, J. and Hrupec, D. and Huber, B. and Jogler, T. and Klepser, S. and Kraehenbuehl, T. and Krause, J. and La Barbera, A. and Lelas, D. and Leonardo, E. and Lindfors, E. and Lombardi, S. and Lopez, M. and Lorenz, E. and Makariev, M. and Maneva, G. and Mankuzhiyil, N. and Mannheim, K. and Maraschi, L. and Mariotti, M. and Martinez, M. and Mazin, D. and Meucci, M. and Miranda, J. M. and Mirzoyan, R. and Miyamoto, H. and Moldon, J. and Moralejo, A. and Munar, P. and Nieto, D. and Nilsson, K. and Orito, R. and Oya, I. and Paneque, D. and Paoletti, R. and Pardo, S. and Paredes, J. M. and Partini, S. and Pasanen, M. and Pauss, F. and Perez-Torres, M. A. and Persic, M. and Peruzzo, L. and Pilia, M. and Pochon, J. and Prada, F. and Moroni, P. G. Prada and Prandini, E. and Puljak, I. and Reichardt, I. and Reinthal, R. and Rhode, W. and Ribo, M. and Rico, J. and Ruegamer, S. and Saggion, A. and Saito, K. and Saito, T. Y. and Salvati, M. and Satalecka, K. and Scalzotto, V. and Scapin, V. and Schultz, C. and Schweizer, T. and Shayduk, M. and Shore, S. N. and Sillanpaa, A. and Sitarek, J. and Sobczynska, D. and Spanier, F. and Spiro, S. and Stamerra, A. and Steinke, B. and Storz, J. and Strah, N. and Suric, T. and Takalo, L. and Takami, H. and Tavecchio, F. and Temnikov, P. and Terzic, T. and Tescaro, D. and Teshima, M. and Thom, M. and Tibolla, O. and Torres, D. F. and Treves, A. and Vankov, H. and Vogler, P. and Wagner, R. M. and Weitzel, Q. and Zabalza, V. and Zandanel, F. and Zanin, R. and Arlen, T. and Aune, T. and Beilicke, M. and Benbow, W. and Bouvier, A. and Bradbury, S. M. and Buckley, J. H. and Bugaev, V. and Byrum, K. and Cannon, A. and Cesarini, A. and Ciupik, L. and Connolly, M. P. and Cui, W. and Dickherber, R. and Duke, C. and Errando, M. and Falcone, A. and Finley, J. P. and Finnegan, G. and Fortson, L. and Furniss, A. and Galante, N. and Gall, D. and Godambe, S. and Griffin, S. and Grube, J. and Gyuk, G. and Hanna, D. and Holder, J. and Huan, H. and Hui, C. M. and Kaaret, P. and Karlsson, N. and Kertzman, M. and Khassen, Y. and Kieda, D. and Krawczynski, H. and Krennrich, F. and Lang, M. J. and LeBohec, S. and Maier, G. and McArthur, S. and McCann, A. and Moriarty, P. and Mukherjee, R. and Nunez, P. D. and Ong, R. A. and Orr, M. and Otte, A. N. and Park, N. and Perkins, J. S. and Pichel, A. and Pohl, Martin and Prokoph, H. and Ragan, K. and Reyes, L. C. and Reynolds, P. T. and Roache, E. and Rose, H. J. and Ruppel, J. and Schroedter, M. and Sembroski, G. H. and Sentuerk, G. D. and Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Tesic, G. and Theiling, M. and Thibadeau, S. and Varlotta, A. and Vassiliev, V. V. and Vivier, M. and Wakely, S. P. and Weekes, T. C. and Williams, D. A. and Zitzer, B. and de Almeida, U. Barres and Cara, M. and Casadio, C. and Cheung, C. C. and McConville, W. and Davies, F. and Doi, A. and Giovannini, G. and Giroletti, M. and Hada, K. and Hardee, P. and Harris, D. E. and Junor, W. and Kino, M. and Lee, N. P. and Ly, C. and Madrid, J. and Massaro, F. and Mundell, C. G. and Nagai, H. and Perlman, E. S. and Steele, I. A. and Walker, R. C. and Wood, D. L.},
  title     = {The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years ofmulti-wavelength oservations of M 87},
  series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  volume    = {746},
  journal   = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration, MAGIC Collaboration, VERITAS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-637X},
  doi       = {10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/151},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3-6) x 10(9) M-circle dot) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of supermassive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on timescales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of tau(rise)(d) = (1.69 +/- 0.30) days and tau(decay)(d) = (0.611 +/- 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar timescales (similar to day), peak fluxes (Phi(>0.35 TeV) similar or equal to (1-3) x 10(-11) photons cm(-2) s(-1)), and VHE spectra. VLBA radio observations of 43 GHz of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken similar to 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor similar to 2; variability timescale <2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from Hubble Space Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, Very Large Array, and European VLBI Network, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kiloparsec jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O\&rsquo and C., and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goering, D. and Grondin, M-H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, M. and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Kolitzus, D. and Komin, Nu. and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J-P and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C-C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and de Ona Wilhelmi, E. and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P-O and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J-P and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H-S},
  title     = {Search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with HESS},
  series = {ASTRONOMY \& ASTROPHYSICS},
  volume    = {551},
  journal   = {ASTRONOMY \& ASTROPHYSICS},
  publisher = {EDP SCIENCES S A},
  address   = {LES ULIS CEDEX A},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201220719},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are established emitters of high-energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray radiation which could originate from the cumulative emission of the numerous millisecond pulsars (msPSRs) in the clusters\&rsquo; cores or from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic leptons accelerated in the GC environment. These stellar clusters could also constitute a new class of sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime, judging from the recent detection of a signal from the direction of Terzan 5 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. Aims. To search for VHE gamma-ray sources associated with other GCs, and to put constraints on leptonic emission models, we systematically analyzed the observations towards 15 GCs taken with the H. E. S. S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We searched for point-like and extended VHE gamma-ray emission from each GC in our sample and also performed a stacking analysis combining the data from all GCs to investigate the hypothesis of a population of faint emitters. Assuming IC emission as the origin of the VHE gamma-ray signal from the direction of Terzan 5, we calculated the expected gamma-ray flux from each of the 15 GCs, based on their number of millisecond pulsars, their optical brightness and the energy density of background photon fields. Results. We did not detect significant VHE gamma-ray emission from any of the 15 GCs in either of the two analyses. Given the uncertainties related to the parameter determinations, the obtained flux upper limits allow to rule out the simple IC/msPSR scaling model for NGC6388 and NGC7078. The upper limits derived from the stacking analyses are factors between 2 and 50 below the flux predicted by the simple leptonic scaling model, depending on the assumed source extent and the dominant target photon fields. Therefore, Terzan 5 still remains exceptional among all GCs, as the VHE gamma-ray emission either arises from extra-ordinarily efficient leptonic processes, or from a recent catastrophic event, or is even unrelated to the GC itself.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Behera, B. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foester, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goeing, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Hauser, M. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, Markus and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Komin, Nu. and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. S.},
  title     = {HESS discovery of VHE gamma-rays from the quasar PKS 1510-089},
  series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  volume    = {554},
  journal   = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {EDP Sciences},
  address   = {Les Ulis},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201321135},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The quasar PKS 1510-089 (z = 0.361) was observed with the H.E.S.S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes during high states in the optical and GeV bands, to search for very high energy (VHE, defined as E >= 0.1 TeV) emission. VHE gamma-rays were detected with a statistical significance of 9.2 standard deviations in 15.8 h of H. E. S. S. data taken during March and April 2009. A VHE integral flux of I(0.15 TeV < E < 1.0TeV) = (1.0 +/- 0.2(stat) +/- 0.2(sys)) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) is measured. The best-fit power law to the VHE data has a photon index of G = 5.4 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.3(sys). The GeV and optical light curves show pronounced variability during the period of H.E.S.S. observations. However, there is insufficient evidence to claim statistically significant variability in the VHE data. Because of its relatively high redshift, the VHE flux from PKS 1510-089 should suffer considerable attenuation in the intergalactic space due to the extragalactic background light (EBL). Hence, the measured gamma-ray spectrum is used to derive upper limits on the opacity due to EBL, which are found to be comparable with the previously derived limits from relatively-nearby BL Lac objects. Unlike typical VHE-detected blazars where the broadband spectrum is dominated by nonthermal radiation at all wavelengths, the quasar PKS 1510-089 has a bright thermal component in the optical to UV frequency band. Among all VHE detected blazars, PKS 1510-089 has the most luminous broad line region. The detection of VHE emission from this quasar indicates a low level of gamma - gamma absorption on the internal optical to UV photon field.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fussling, Matthias and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goering, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, M. and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Komin, Nu and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nekrassov, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and Awilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. -S.},
  title     = {Search for Photon-Linelike Signatures from Dark Matter Annihilations with H.E.S.S.},
  series = {Physical review letters},
  volume    = {110},
  journal   = {Physical review letters},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Physical Society},
  address   = {College Park},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0031-9007},
  doi       = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.041301},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Gamma-ray line signatures can be expected in the very-high-energy (E-gamma > 100 GeV) domain due to self-annihilation or decay of dark matter (DM) particles in space. Such a signal would be readily distinguishable from astrophysical gamma-ray sources that in most cases produce continuous spectra that span over several orders of magnitude in energy. Using data collected with the H. E. S. S. gamma-ray instrument, upper limits on linelike emission are obtained in the energy range between similar to 500 GeV and similar to 25 TeV for the central part of the Milky Way halo and for extragalactic observations, complementing recent limits obtained with the Fermi-LAT instrument at lower energies. No statistically significant signal could be found. For monochromatic gamma-ray line emission, flux limits of (2 x 10(-7)-2 x 10(-5)) m(-2)s(-1)sr(-1) and (1 x 10(-8)- 2 x 10(-6)) m(-2)s(-1)sr(-1) are obtained for the central part of the Milky Way halo and extragalactic observations, respectively. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, limits on the velocity- averaged DM annihilation cross section <sigma upsilon >(chi chi ->gamma gamma) reach similar to 10(-27)cm(3)s(-1), based on the Einasto parametrization of the Galactic DM halo density profile. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.041301},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbramowskiAceroAkhperjanianetal.2013,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Behera, B. and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Bochow, A. and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O\&rsquo and C., and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fussling, Matthias and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goering, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, M. and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Kolitzus, D. and Komin, Nu and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. -S. and Pelat, D.},
  title     = {Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 and derivation of an upper limit on its redshift},
  series = {ASTRONOMY \& ASTROPHYSICS},
  volume    = {552},
  journal   = {ASTRONOMY \& ASTROPHYSICS},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {EDP SCIENCES S A},
  address   = {LES ULIS CEDEX A},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201321108},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Very high-energy gamma-ray emission from PKS 0447-439 was detected with the H. E. S. S. Cherenkov telescope array in December 2009. This blazar is one of the brightest extragalactic objects in the Fermi bright source list and has a hard spectrum in the MeV to GeV range. In the TeV range, a photon index of 3.89 +/- 0.37 (stat) +/- 0.22 (sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV, phi(1) (TeV) = (3.5 +/- 1.1(stat) +/- 0.9(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1) TeV-1 were found. The detection with H. E. S. S. triggered observations in the X-ray band with the Swift and RXTE telescopes. Simultaneous UV and optical data from Swift UVOT and data from the optical telescopes ATOM and ROTSE are also available. The spectrum and light curve measured with H. E. S. S. are presented and compared to the multi-wavelength data at lower energies. A rapid flare is seen in the Swift XRT and RXTE data, together with a flux variation in the UV band, at a time scale of the order of one day. A firm upper limit of z < 0.59 on the redshift of PKS 0447-439 is derived from the combined Fermi-LAT and H. E. S. S. data, given the assumptions that there is no upturn in the intrinsic spectrum above the Fermi-LAT energy range and that absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL) is not weaker than the lower limit provided by current models. The spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, if the redshift of the source is less than z less than or similar to 0.4.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbramowskiAceroAharonianetal.2013,
  author    = {Abramowski, Attila and Acero, F. and Aharonian, Felix A. and Akhperjanian, A. G. and Anton, Gisela and Balenderan, Shangkari and Balzer, Arnim and Barnacka, Anna and Becherini, Yvonne and Tjus, J. Becker and Bernl{\"o}hr, K. and Birsin, E. and Biteau, Jonathan and Boisson, Catherine and Bolmont, J. and Bordas, Pol and Brucker, J. and Brun, Francois and Brun, Pierre and Bulik, Tomasz and Carrigan, Svenja and Casanova, Sabrina and Cerruti, M. and Chadwick, Paula M. and Chaves, Ryan C. G. and Cheesebrough, A. and Colafrancesco, Sergio and Cologna, Gabriele and Conrad, Jan and Couturier, C. and Dalton, M. and Daniel, M. K. and Davids, I. D. and Degrange, B. and Deil, C. and deWilt, P. and Dickinson, H. J. and Djannati-Ata{\"i}, A. and Domainko, W. and Drury, L. O'C. and Dubus, G. and Dutson, K. and Dyks, J. and Dyrda, M. and Egberts, Kathrin and Eger, P. and Espigat, P. and Fallon, L. and Farnier, C. and Fegan, S. and Feinstein, F. and Fernandes, M. V. and Fernandez, D. and Fiasson, A. and Fontaine, G. and Foerster, A. and Fuessling, M. and Gajdus, M. and Gallant, Y. A. and Garrigoux, T. and Gast, H. and Giebels, B. and Glicenstein, J. F. and Glueck, B. and Goering, D. and Grondin, M. -H. and Grudzinska, M. and Haeffner, S. and Hague, J. D. and Hahn, J. and Hampf, D. and Harris, J. and Heinz, S. and Heinzelmann, G. and Henri, G. and Hermann, G. and Hillert, A. and Hinton, James Anthony and Hofmann, W. and Hofverberg, P. and Holler, Markus and Horns, D. and Jacholkowska, A. and Jahn, C. and Jamrozy, M. and Jung, I. and Kastendieck, M. A. and Katarzynski, K. and Katz, U. and Kaufmann, S. and Khelifi, B. and Klepser, S. and Klochkov, D. and Kluzniak, W. and Kneiske, T. and Kolitzus, D. and Komin, Nu and Kosack, K. and Kossakowski, R. and Krayzel, F. and Krueger, P. P. and Laffon, H. and Lamanna, G. and Lefaucheur, J. and Lemoine-Goumard, M. and Lenain, J. -P. and Lennarz, D. and Lohse, T. and Lopatin, A. and Lu, C. -C. and Marandon, V. and Marcowith, Alexandre and Masbou, J. and Maurin, G. and Maxted, N. and Mayer, M. and McComb, T. J. L. and Medina, M. C. and Mehault, J. and Menzler, U. and Moderski, R. and Mohamed, M. and Moulin, Emmanuel and Naumann, C. L. and Naumann-Godo, M. and de Naurois, M. and Nedbal, D. and Nguyen, N. and Niemiec, J. and Nolan, S. J. and Oakes, L. and Ohm, S. and Wilhelmi, E. de Ona and Opitz, B. and Ostrowski, M. and Oya, I. and Panter, M. and Parsons, R. D. and Arribas, M. Paz and Pekeur, N. W. and Pelletier, G. and Perez, J. and Petrucci, P. -O. and Peyaud, B. and Pita, S. and Puehlhofer, G. and Punch, M. and Quirrenbach, A. and Raab, S. and Raue, M. and Reimer, A. and Reimer, O. and Renaud, M. and de los Reyes, R. and Rieger, F. and Ripken, J. and Rob, L. and Rosier-Lees, S. and Rowell, G. and Rudak, B. and Rulten, C. B. and Sahakian, V. and Sanchez, David M. and Santangelo, Andrea and Schlickeiser, R. and Schulz, A. and Schwanke, U. and Schwarzburg, S. and Schwemmer, S. and Sheidaei, F. and Skilton, J. L. and Sol, H. and Spengler, G. and Stawarz, L. and Steenkamp, R. and Stegmann, Christian and Stinzing, F. and Stycz, K. and Sushch, Iurii and Szostek, A. and Tavernet, J. -P. and Terrier, R. and Tluczykont, M. and Trichard, C. and Valerius, K. and van Eldik, C. and Vasileiadis, G. and Venter, C. and Viana, A. and Vincent, P. and Voelk, H. J. and Volpe, F. and Vorobiov, S. and Vorster, M. and Wagner, S. J. and Ward, M. and White, R. and Wierzcholska, A. and Willmann, P. and Wouters, D. and Zacharias, M. and Zajczyk, A. and Zdziarski, A. A. and Zech, Alraune and Zechlin, H. -S.},
  title     = {HESS observations of the binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the 2010/2011 periastron passage},
  series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  volume    = {551},
  journal   = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  publisher = {EDP Sciences},
  address   = {Les Ulis},
  organization    = {HESS Collaboration},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201220612},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Aims. We present very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) data from the gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 taken around its periastron passage on 15th of December 2010 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H. E. S. S.) of Cherenkov Telescopes. We aim to search for a possible TeV counterpart of the GeV flare detected by the Fermi LAT. In addition, we aim to study the current periastron passage in the context of previous observations taken at similar orbital phases, testing the repetitive behaviour of the source. Methods. Observations at VHEs were conducted with H.E.S.S. from 9th to 16th of January 2011. The total dataset amounts to similar to 6 h of observing time. The data taken around the 2004 periastron passage were also re-analysed with the current analysis techniques in order to extend the energy spectrum above 3 TeV to fully compare observation results from 2004 and 2011. Results. The source is detected in the 2011 data at a significance level of 11.5 sigma revealing an averaged integral flux above 1 TeV of (1.01 +/- 0.18(stat) +/- 0.20(sys)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). The differential energy spectrum follows a power-law shape with a spectral index Gamma = 2.92 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.95 +/- 0.32(stat) +/- 0.39(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). The measured light curve does not show any evidence for variability of the source on the daily scale. The re-analysis of the 2004 data yields results compatible with the published ones. The differential energy spectrum measured up to similar to 10 TeV is consistent with a power law with a spectral index Gamma = 2.81 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.20(sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N-0 = (1.29 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.26(sys)) x 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1). Conclusions. The measured integral flux and the spectral shape of the 2011 data are compatible with the results obtained around previous periastron passages. The absence of variability in the H.E.S.S. data indicates that the GeV flare observed by Fermi LAT in the time period covered also by H.E.S.S. observations originates in a different physical scenario than the TeV emission. Moreover, the comparison of the new results to the results from the 2004 observations made at a similar orbital phase provides a stronger evidence of the repetitive behaviour of the source.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzVossLawrieetal.2016,
  author    = {Heinz, A. and Voss, M. and Lawrie, S. M. and Mishara, A. and Bauer, M. and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Juckel, G. and Lang, U. and Rapp, Michael A. and Falkai, P. and Strik, W. and Krystal, J. and Abi-Dargham, A. and Galderisi, S.},
  title     = {Shall we really say goodbye to first rank symptoms?},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.010},
  pages     = {8 -- 13},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: First rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia have been used for decades for diagnostic purposes. In the new version of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has abolished any further reference to FRS of schizophrenia and treats them like any other "criterion A' symptom (e.g. any kind of hallucination or delusion) with regard to their diagnostic implication. The ICD-10 is currently under revision and may follow suit. In this review, we discuss central points of criticism that are directed against the continuous use of first rank symptoms (FRS) to diagnose schizophrenia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerBanaschewskiHeinzetal.2016,
  author    = {Bauer, M. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Heinz, A. and Kamp-Becker, I. and Meyer-Lindenberg, A. and Padberg, F. and Rapp, Michael A. and Rupprecht, R. and Schneider, F. and Schulze, T. G. and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich},
  title     = {The German Research Network for mental Disorders},
  series = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Neurologie},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\~A}¼r Neurologie},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0028-2804},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00115-016-0169-y},
  pages     = {989 -- 1010},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Mental disorders are among the greatest medical and social challenges facing us. They can occur at all stages of life and are among the most important commonly occurring diseases. In Germany 28 \% of the population suffer from a mental disorder every year, while the lifetime risk of suffering from a mental disorder is almost 50 \%. Mental disorders cause great suffering for those affected and their social network. Quantitatively speaking, they can be considered to be among those diseases creating the greatest burden for society due to reduced productivity, absence from work and premature retirement. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding a new research network from 2015 to 2019 with up to 35 million euros to investigate mental disorders in order to devise and develop better therapeutic measures and strategies for this population by means of basic and translational clinical research. This is the result of a competitive call for research proposals entitled research network for mental diseases. It is a nationwide network of nine consortia with up to ten psychiatric and clinical psychology partner institutions from largely university-based research facilities for adults and/or children and adolescents. Furthermore, three cross-consortia platform projects will seek to identify shared causes of diseases and new diagnostic modalities for anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHS), autism, bipolar disorders, depression, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders as well as substance-related and addictive disorders. The spectrum of therapeutic approaches to be examined ranges from innovative pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment to novel brain stimulation procedures. In light of the enormous burden such diseases represent for society as a whole, a sustainable improvement in the financial support for those researching mental disorders seems essential. This network aims to become a nucleus for long overdue and sustained support for a German center for mental disorders.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReibisSchlittGlatzetal.2016,
  author    = {Reibis, Rona Katharina and Schlitt, A. and Glatz, J. and Langheim, E. H. and Guha, M. and Halle, M. and Boscheri, A. and Hegeler-Molkewehrum, C. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {Rehabilitation in Heart Failure},
  series = {Die Rehabilitation : Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Die Rehabilitation : Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0034-3536},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0042-103302},
  pages     = {115 -- 129},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Kernaussagen: - Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz (HF-rEF, HF-pEF oder in Kombination) stellen einen relevanten Anteil von Patienten in kardiologischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen dar. Sie erfordern aufgrund der eingeschr{\"a}nkten Ventrikelfunktion, der Arrhythmieneigung sowie den h{\"a}ufig implantierten elektrischen Aggregaten ein multimodales Therapiekonzept. - Neben der leitlinienorientierten Pharmakotherapie nehmen die individualisierte Trainingstherapie und die psychosoziale Betreuung tragende Funktionen in der Rehabilitation herzinsuffizienter Patienten ein. - Die berufliche Wiedereingliederung wird durch die h{\"a}modynamische Stabilit{\"a}t, die kognitiven Leistungen, die Arbeitsplatzanforderungen und Arbeitsplatzsicherheit insbesondere bei ICD/CRT-Tr{\"a}gern determiniert. - Die Fahreignung wird {\"u}berwiegend in Einzelfallentscheidungen bestimmt und richtet sich u. a. nach der linksventrikul{\"a}ren Pumpleistung und dem arrhythmiefreien Intervall.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StrackeBayerZimmermannetal.1999,
  author    = {Stracke, A. and Bayer, A. and Zimmermann, S. and Wendorff, Joachim Heinz and Wirges, Werner and Bauer-Gogonea, Simona and Bauer, Siegfried and Gerhard, Reimund},
  title     = {Relaxation behaviour of electrically induced polar orientation and of optically induced non-polar orientation in an azo-chromophore side group polymer},
  issn      = {0022-3727},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MitevaMeiselNothoferetal.2000,
  author    = {Miteva, T. and Meisel, A. and Nothofer, Heinz-Georg and Scherf, Ullrich and Knoll, W. and Neher, Dieter and Grell, M. and Lupo, D. and Yasuda, A.},
  title     = {Polarized electroluminescence from highly aligned liquid-crystalline polymers},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RothwellMurphyAleksandrovaetal.2020,
  author    = {Rothwell, Joseph A. and Murphy, Neil and Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Bešević, Jelena and Kliemann, Nathalie and Jenab, Mazda and Ferrari, Pietro and Achaintre, David and Gicquiau, Audrey and Vozar, B{\´e}atrice and Scalbert, Augustin and Huybrechts, Inge and Freisling, Heinz and Prehn, Cornelia and Adamski, Jerzy and Cross, Amanda J. and Pala, Valeria Maria and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Dahm, Christina C. and Overvad, Kim and Gram, Inger Torhild and Sandanger, Torkjel M. and Skeie, Guri and Jakszyn, Paula and Tsilidis, Kostas K. and Hughes, David J. and van Guelpen, Bethany and Bod{\´e}n, Stina and S{\´a}nchez, Maria-Jos{\´e} and Schmidt, Julie A. and Katzke, Verena and K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Colorado-Yohar, Sandra and Tumino, Rosario and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Vineis, Paolo and Masala, Giovanna and Panico, Salvatore and Eriksen, Anne Kirstine and Tj{\o}nneland, Anne and Aune, Dagfinn and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Severi, Gianluca and Chaj{\`e}s, V{\´e}ronique and Gunter, Marc J.},
  title     = {Metabolic signatures of healthy lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk in a European cohort},
  series = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1542-3565},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.045},
  pages     = {E1061 -- E1082},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Colorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. METHODS: Scores reflecting adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (scale, 1-5) were calculated from participant data on weight maintenance, physical activity, diet, and alcohol among a discovery set of 5738 cancer-free European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition participants with metabolomics data. Partial least-squares regression was used to derive fatty acid and endogenous metabolite signatures of the WCRF/AICR score in this group. In an independent set of 1608 colorectal cancer cases and matched controls, odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% CIs were calculated for colorectal cancer risk per unit increase in WCRF/AICR score and per the corresponding change in metabolic signatures using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Higher WCRF/AICR scores were characterized by metabolic signatures of increased odd-chain fatty acids, serine, glycine, and specific phosphatidylcholines. Signatures were inversely associated more strongly with colorectal cancer risk (fatty acids: OR, 0.51 per unit increase; 95\% CI, 0.29-0.90; endogenous metabolites: OR, 0.62 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.50-0.78) than the WCRF/AICR score (OR, 0.93 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.86-1.00) overall. Signature associations were stronger in male compared with female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolite profiles reflecting adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines and additional lifestyle or biological risk factors were associated with colorectal cancer. Measuring a specific panel of metabolites representative of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle may identify strata of the population at higher risk of colorectal cancer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HeinzKlugeSchoulerOcaketal.2015,
  author    = {Heinz, A. and Kluge, U. and Schouler-Ocak, M. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Biological Effects of Social Exclusion},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {30},
  booktitle = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  pages     = {1},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we assess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region of Kenya found 740 km inland from the present-day coastline of the Indian Ocean at an elevation of 620 m. The specimen is similar to 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates of the emergence of modern straptoothed whales (Mesoplodon). The whale traveled from the Indian Ocean inland along an eastward-directed drainage system controlled by the Cretaceous Anza Graben and was stranded slightly above sea level. Surface uplift from near sea level coincides with paleoclimatic change from a humid environment to highly variable and much drier conditions, which altered biotic communities and drove evolution in east Africa, including that of primates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NothoferMeiselMitevaetal.2000,
  author    = {Nothofer, Heinz-Georg and Meisel, A. and Miteva, T. and Neher, Dieter and Forster, M. and Oda, Masao and Lieser, G. and Sainova, Dessislava and Yasuda, A. and Lupo, D. and Knoll, W. and Scherf, Ullrich},
  title     = {Liquid crystalline polyfluorenes for blue polarized electroluminescence},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KaminskiSchlagenhaufRappetal.2018,
  author    = {Kaminski, Jakob A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Awasthi, Swapnil and Ruggeri, Barbara and Deserno, Lorenz and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bokde, Arun L. W. and Bromberg, Uli and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Frouin, Vincent and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Paill{\`e}re Martinot, Marie-Laure and Nees, Frauke and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Paus, Tom{\´a}š and Poustka, Luise and Smolka, Michael N. and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {950},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42568},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425687},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzKlugeRapp2016,
  author    = {Heinz, A. and Kluge, U. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Heritability of living in deprived neighbourhoods},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103770},
  pages     = {1},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaminskiSchlagenhaufRappetal.2018,
  author    = {Kaminski, Jakob A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Awasthi, Swapnil and Ruggeri, Barbara and Deserno, Lorenz and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bokde, Arun L. W. and Bromberg, Uli and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivieres, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Frouin, Vincent and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere and Nees, Frauke and Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos and Paus, Tomas and Poustka, Luise and Smolka, Michael N. and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor},
  series = {Translational Psychiatry},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Translational Psychiatry},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  organization    = {IMAGEN Consortium},
  issn      = {2158-3188},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GarbusowSommerNebeetal.2018,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Sommer, C. and Nebe, S. and Sebold, Miriam and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Wittchen, H. U. and Smolka, M. and Zimmermann, U. and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Q. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, A.},
  title     = {Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in the course of alcohol use disorder},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  pages     = {S546 -- S546},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping on- going thought and behavior. The influence of Pavlovian stimuli on on-going behavior is paradigmatically measured by Pavlovian-to-instrumental-transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent, and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer. Methods: 32 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviours. The task involved both Pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks. Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs. Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol- dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzKlugeRapp2016,
  author    = {Heinz, A. and Kluge, U. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Heritability of living in deprived neighbourhoods},
  series = {Translational Psychiatry},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Translational Psychiatry},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2158-3188},
  doi       = {10.1038/tp.2016.215},
  pages     = {1},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeboldGarbusowJetzschmannetal.2019,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Jetzschmann, P. and Schad, Daniel and Nebe, S. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, A. and Rapp, Michael A. and Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina},
  title     = {Reward and avoidance learning in the context of aversive environments and possible implications for depressive symptoms},
  series = {Psychopharmacology},
  volume    = {236},
  journal   = {Psychopharmacology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0033-3158},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00213-019-05299-9},
  pages     = {2437 -- 2449},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Background Aversive stimuli in the environment influence human actions. This includes valence-dependent influences on action selection, e.g., increased avoidance but decreased approach behavior. However, it is yet unclear how aversive stimuli interact with complex learning and decision-making in the reward and avoidance domain. Moreover, the underlying computational mechanisms of these decision-making biases are unknown. Methods To elucidate these mechanisms, 54 healthy young male subjects performed a two-step sequential decision-making task, which allows to computationally model different aspects of learning, e.g., model-free, habitual, and model-based, goal-directed learning. We used a within-subject design, crossing task valence (reward vs. punishment learning) with emotional context (aversive vs. neutral background stimuli). We analyzed choice data, applied a computational model, and performed simulations. Results Whereas model-based learning was not affected, aversive stimuli interacted with model-free learning in a way that depended on task valence. Thus, aversive stimuli increased model-free avoidance learning but decreased model-free reward learning. The computational model confirmed this effect: the parameter lambda that indicates the influence of reward prediction errors on decision values was increased in the punishment condition but decreased in the reward condition when aversive stimuli were present. Further, by using the inferred computational parameters to simulate choice data, our effects were captured. Exploratory analyses revealed that the observed biases were associated with subclinical depressive symptoms. Conclusion Our data show that aversive environmental stimuli affect complex learning and decision-making, which depends on task valence. Further, we provide a model of the underlying computations of this affective modulation. Finally, our finding of increased decision-making biases in subjects reporting subclinical depressive symptoms matches recent reports of amplified Pavlovian influences on action selection in depression and suggests a potential vulnerability factor for mood disorders. We discuss our findings in the light of the involvement of the neuromodulators serotonin and dopamine.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DesernoBeckHuysetal.2015,
  author    = {Deserno, Lorenz and Beck, Anne and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Lorenz, Robert C. and Buchert, Ralph and Buchholz, Hans-Georg and Plotkin, Michail and Kumakara, Yoshitaka and Cumming, Paul and Heinze, Hans-Jochen and Grace, Anthony A. and Rapp, Michael A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Chronic alcohol intake abolishes the relationship between dopamine synthesis capacity and learning signals in the ventral striatum},
  series = {European journal of neuroscience},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {European journal of neuroscience},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0953-816X},
  doi       = {10.1111/ejn.12802},
  pages     = {477 -- 486},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Drugs of abuse elicit dopamine release in the ventral striatum, possibly biasing dopamine-driven reinforcement learning towards drug-related reward at the expense of non-drug-related reward. Indeed, in alcohol-dependent patients, reactivity in dopaminergic target areas is shifted from non-drug-related stimuli towards drug-related stimuli. Such hijacked' dopamine signals may impair flexible learning from non-drug-related rewards, and thus promote craving for the drug of abuse. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure ventral striatal activation by reward prediction errors (RPEs) during a probabilistic reversal learning task in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls (N=27). All participants also underwent 6-[F-18]fluoro-DOPA positron emission tomography to assess ventral striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Neither ventral striatal activation by RPEs nor striatal dopamine synthesis capacity differed between groups. However, ventral striatal coding of RPEs correlated inversely with craving in patients. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between ventral striatal coding of RPEs and dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy controls, but not in alcohol-dependent patients. Moderator analyses showed that the magnitude of the association between dopamine synthesis capacity and RPE coding depended on the amount of chronic, habitual alcohol intake. Despite the relatively small sample size, a power analysis supports the reported results. Using a multimodal imaging approach, this study suggests that dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals is disrupted in alcohol dependence in proportion to long-term alcohol intake of patients. Alcohol intake may perpetuate itself by interfering with dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals in the ventral striatum, thus increasing craving for habitual drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SeboldGarbusowNebeetal.2018,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Nebe, S. and Sundmacher, L. and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Wittchen, H. U. and Smolka, M. and Zimmermann, U. and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Q. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, A.},
  title     = {From goals to habits in alcohol dependence},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  pages     = {S274 -- S274},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LiuKuschpelSchadetal.2018,
  author    = {Liu, S. and Kuschpel, M. S. and Schad, Daniel and Heinzel, Stephan and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, A.},
  title     = {Effects of rest on learning processes},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.099},
  pages     = {S67 -- S68},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeboldSpittaGleichetal.2019,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Spitta, G. and Gleich, T. and Dembler-Stamm, T. and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, S. and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen and Heinz, A.},
  title     = {Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {126},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2},
  pages     = {1127 -- 1134},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Stress plays a key role in modulating addictive behavior and can cause relapse following periods of abstinence. Common effects of stress and alcohol on the dopaminergic system have been suggested, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 19 matched healthy controls and assessed striatal D2/D3 availability using [F-18]-fallypride positron emission tomography and stressful life events. We found a strong association between striatal D2/D3 availability and stress in patients, but not in healthy controls. Interestingly, we found increased D2/D3 receptor availability in patients with higher stress levels. This mirrors complex interactions between stress and alcohol intake in animal studies and emphasizes the importance to investigate stress exposure in neurobiological studies of addiction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzeMakuchWagnerKounavesetal.2018,
  author    = {Schulze-Makuch, Dirk and Wagner, Dirk and Kounaves, Samuel P. and Mangelsdorf, Kai and Devine, Kevin G. and de Vera, Jean-Pierre and Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Parro, Victor and Kaupenjohann, Martin and Galy, Albert and Schneider, Beate and Airo, Alessandro and Froesler, Jan and Davila, Alfonso F. and Arens, Felix L. and Caceres, Luis and Cornejo, Francisco Solis and Carrizo, Daniel and Dartnell, Lewis and DiRuggiero, Jocelyne and Flury, Markus and Ganzert, Lars and Gessner, Mark O. and Grathwohl, Peter and Guan, Lisa and Heinz, Jacob and Hess, Matthias and Keppler, Frank and Maus, Deborah and McKay, Christopher P. and Meckenstock, Rainer U. and Montgomery, Wren and Oberlin, Elizabeth A. and Probst, Alexander J. and Saenz, Johan S. and Sattler, Tobias and Schirmack, Janosch and Sephton, Mark A. and Schloter, Michael and Uhl, Jenny and Valenzuela, Bernardita and Vestergaard, Gisle and Woermer, Lars and Zamorano, Pedro},
  title     = {Transitory microbial habitat in the hyperarid Atacama Desert},
  series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  volume    = {115},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0027-8424},
  doi       = {10.1073/pnas.1714341115},
  pages     = {2670 -- 2675},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlgharablyBolbrinkerLeziusetal.2017,
  author    = {Algharably, Engi A. H. and Bolbrinker, Juliane and Lezius, Susanne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Kreutz, Reinhold},
  title     = {Uromodulin associates with cardiorenal function in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0000000000001432},
  pages     = {2053 -- 2058},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Objective:Common genetic variants in the gene encoding uromodulin (UMOD) have been associated with renal function, blood pressure (BP) and hypertension. We investigated the associations between an important single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in UMOD, that is rs12917707-G>T, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), BP and cardiac organ damage as determined by echocardiography in patients with arterial hypertension.Methods:A cohort of 1218 treated high-risk patients (mean age 58.5 years, 83\% men) with documented cardiovascular disease (81\% with coronary heart disease) was analysed.Results:The mean values for 24-h SBP and DBP were 124.714.7 and 73.9 +/- 9.4mmHg; mean eGFR was 77.5 +/- 18.3ml/min per 1.73m(2), mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 59.3 +/- 9.9\% and mean left ventricular mass index in men and women was 53.9 +/- 23.2 and 54.9 +/- 23.7g/m(2.7) with 50.4\% of patients having left ventricular hypertrophy. A significant association between rs12917707 and eGFR was observed with T-allele carriers showing significantly higher eGFR values (+2.6ml/min per 1.73m(2), P=0.006) than noncarriers. This SNP associated also with left atrial diameter (P=0.007); homozygous carriers of the T-allele had smaller left atrial diameter (-1.5mm) than other genotype groups (P=0.040). No significant associations between rs12917707 and other cardiac or BP phenotypes were observed.Conclusions:These findings extend the previously documented role of UMOD for renal function also to treated high-risk patients with arterial hypertension and reveal a novel association with left atrial remodelling and thus a potential cardiorenal link modulated by UMOD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangZhuWolfetal.2018,
  author    = {Yang, Jie and Zhu, Xiaolei and Wolf, Thomas J. A. and Li, Zheng and Nunes, Jo{\~a}o Pedro Figueira and Coffee, Ryan and Cryan, James P. and G{\"u}hr, Markus and Hegazy, Kareem and Heinz, Tony F. and Jobe, Keith and Li, Renkai and Shen, Xiaozhe and Veccione, Theodore and Weathersby, Stephen and Wilkin, Kyle J. and Yoneda, Charles and Zheng, Qiang and Martinez, Todd J. and Centurion, Martin and Wang, Xijie},
  title     = {Imaging CF3I conical intersection and photodissociation dynamics with ultrafast electron diffraction},
  series = {Science},
  volume    = {361},
  journal   = {Science},
  number    = {6397},
  publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0036-8075},
  doi       = {10.1126/science.aat0049},
  pages     = {64 -- 67},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Conical intersections play a critical role in excited-state dynamics of polyatomic molecules because they govern the reaction pathways of many nonadiabatic processes. However, ultrafast probes have lacked sufficient spatial resolution to image wave-packet trajectories through these intersections directly. Here, we present the simultaneous experimental characterization of one-photon and two-photon excitation channels in isolated CF3I molecules using ultrafast gas-phase electron diffraction. In the two-photon channel, we have mapped out the real-space trajectories of a coherent nuclear wave packet, which bifurcates onto two potential energy surfaces when passing through a conical intersection. In the one-photon channel, we have resolved excitation of both the umbrella and the breathing vibrational modes in the CF3 fragment in multiple nuclear dimensions. These findings benchmark and validate ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics calculations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiannitsisRothLeithaeuseretal.2009,
  author    = {Giannitsis, Evangelos and Roth, Heinz J{\"u}rgen and Leithaeuser, Renate M. and Scherhag, J{\"u}rgen and Beneke, Ralt and Katus, Hugo A.},
  title     = {New highly sensitivity assay used to measure cardiac troponin T concentration changes during a continuous 216- km marathon},
  issn      = {0009-9147},
  doi       = {10.1373/clinchem.2008.116566},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{deAzevedoBotelhoBraunssJuneketal.2009,
  author    = {de Azevedo Botelho, Geraldo Mßrcio and Braunss, H. A. and Junek, Heinz and Pellegrino, Daniel Marinho},
  title     = {Inclusions and coincidences for multiple summing multilinear mappings},
  issn      = {0002-9939},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Using complex interpolation we prove new inclusion and coincidence theorems for multiple (fully) summing multilinear and holomorphic mappings. Among several other results we show that continuous n- linear forms on cotype 2 spaces are multiple (2; q(k),..., q(k))-summing, where 2(k-1) < n <= 2(k), q(0) = 2 and q(k+1) = 2q(k)/1+q(k) for k >= 0.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoldmannNordsieckJanietzetal.2004,
  author    = {Goldmann, Daniela and Nordsieck, A. and Janietz, Dietmar and Frese, T. and Schmidt, C. and Wendorff, Joachim Heinz},
  title     = {Smectic and columnar liquid crystalline phases through charge-transfer interactions},
  issn      = {1058-725X},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {New heterocyclic electron donors based on. a 1,3,5-triazine nucleus are presented. Three phenyl rings are grafted to the triazine core either via secondary amino groups or by a direct C,C-linkage and a specific number of decyloxy chains is attached to the molecular periphery. The compounds are non-liquid crystalline in their pure states. Lamellar or columnar mesophases are induced by attractive interactions with electron acceptors},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HansenNiebauerCornelissenetal.2018,
  author    = {Hansen, Dominique and Niebauer, Josef and Cornelissen, Veronique and Barna, Olga and Neunhaeuserer, Daniel and Stettler, Christoph and Tonoli, Cajsa and Greco, Eugenio and Fagard, Robert and Coninx, Karin and Vanhees, Luc and Piepoli, Massimo F. and Pedretti, Roberto and Ruiz, Gustavo Rovelo and Corra, Ugo and Schmid, Jean-Paul and Davos, Constantinos H. and Edelmann, Frank and Abreu, Ana and Rauch, Bernhard and Ambrosetti, Marco and Braga, Simona Sarzi and Beckers, Paul and Bussotti, Maurizio and Faggiano, Pompilio and Garcia-Porrero, Esteban and Kouidi, Evangelia and Lamotte, Michel and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Spruit, Martijn A. and Takken, Tim and Vigorito, Carlo and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Doherty, Patrick and Dendale, Paul},
  title     = {Exercise prescription in patients with different combinations of cardiovascular disease risk factors},
  series = {Sports medicine},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Sports medicine},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Northcote},
  issn      = {0112-1642},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40279-018-0930-4},
  pages     = {1781 -- 1797},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Whereas exercise training is key in the management of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension), clinicians experience difficulties in how to optimally prescribe exercise in patients with different CVD risk factors. Therefore, a consensus statement for state-of-the-art exercise prescription in patients with combinations of CVD risk factors as integrated into a digital training and decision support system (the EXercise Prescription in Everyday practice \& Rehabilitative Training (EXPERT) tool) needed to be established. EXPERT working group members systematically reviewed the literature for meta-analyses, systematic reviews and/or clinical studies addressing exercise prescriptions in specific CVD risk factors and formulated exercise recommendations (exercise training intensity, frequency, volume and type, session and programme duration) and exercise safety precautions, for obesity, arterial hypertension, type 1 and 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The impact of physical fitness, CVD risk altering medications and adverse events during exercise testing was further taken into account to fine-tune this exercise prescription. An algorithm, supported by the interactive EXPERT tool, was developed by Hasselt University based on these data. Specific exercise recommendations were formulated with the aim to decrease adipose tissue mass, improve glycaemic control and blood lipid profile, and lower blood pressure. The impact of medications to improve CVD risk, adverse events during exercise testing and physical fitness was also taken into account. Simulations were made of how the EXPERT tool provides exercise prescriptions according to the variables provided. In this paper, state-of-the-art exercise prescription to patients with combinations of CVD risk factors is formulated, and it is shown how the EXPERT tool may assist clinicians. This contributes to an appropriately tailored exercise regimen for every CVD risk patient.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HauptWolschkeRabeetal.2017,
  author    = {Haupt, T. and Wolschke, M. and Rabe, Sophie and Scholz, I. and Smurawski, A. and Salzwedel, Annett and Thomas, F. and Reich, H. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Liebach, J. and Eichler, Sarah},
  title     = {ReMove-It - Entwicklung einer telemedizinisch assistierten Bewegungstherapie f{\"u}r die Rehabilitation nach Intervention an der unteren Extremit{\"a}t},
  series = {B\&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {B\&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {1613-0863},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0043-118139},
  pages     = {221 -- 226},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Knie- und H{\"u}ftgelenksarthrose z{\"a}hlen zu den zehn h{\"a}ufigsten Einzeldiagnosen in orthop{\"a}dischen Praxen. Die Wirksamkeit einer station{\"a}ren Rehabilitation f{\"u}r Patienten nach Knie- oder H{\"u}ft-Totalendoprothese (TEP) ist in mehreren Studien belegt. Dennoch stellt die mittel- und langfristige Nachhaltigkeit zum Erhalt des Therapieerfolges eine große Herausforderung dar. Das Ziel des Projekts ReMove-It ist es, einen Wirksamkeitsnachweis f{\"u}r eintelemedizinisch assistiertes Interventionstraining f{\"u}r Patienten nach einem operativen Eingriff an den unteren Extremit{\"a}ten zu erbringen. In dem Beitrag wird anhand von Erfahrungsberichten dargestellt, wie das interaktive {\"U}bungsprogramm f{\"u}r Knie- und H{\"u}ft-TEP-Patienten entwickelt und das telemedizinische Assistenzsystem MeineReha® in den Behandlungsalltag von drei Rehakliniken integriert wurde. Ebenso werden der Aufbau und Ablauf der klinischen Studie dargestellt und das System aus Sicht der beteiligten {\"A}rzte, und Therapeuten bewertet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoldmannMahlstedtJanietzetal.1998,
  author    = {Goldmann, Daniela and Mahlstedt, S. and Janietz, Dietmar and Busch, P. and Schmidt, C. and Stracke, A. and Wendorff, Joachim Heinz},
  title     = {Mesomorphic donor-acceptor twin molecules with covalently linked sheet-like pentaalkyne and nitrofluorenone subunits},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JanitzDauteFestagetal.1995,
  author    = {Janitz, A. and Daute, D. and Festag, R. and Wendorff, Joachim Heinz},
  title     = {Novel routes to discotic mesomorphism - covalently linked donor-acceptor mesogens based on pentaalkynes and new star-like triarylmelamines with heteroaromatic central core},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerNordhornMuckelbauerEnglertetal.2014,
  author    = {Mueller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline and Muckelbauer, Rebecca and Englert, Heike and Grittner, Ulrike and Berger, Hendrike and Sonntag, Frank and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Prugger, Christof and Wegscheider, Karl and Katus, Hugo A. and Willich, Stefan N.},
  title     = {Longitudinal association between body mass index and health-related quality of life},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0093071},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important outcome in individuals with a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of HRQoL and body mass index (BMI) as an indicator for obesity. Design: Secondary longitudinal analysis of the ORBITAL study, an intervention study which included high-risk cardiovascular primary care patients with hypercholesterolemia and an indication for statin therapy. Methods: HRQoL was determined with the generic Short Form (SF)-12 health status instrument. Body weight and height were assessed at baseline and at months 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36. We used a linear and a linear mixed-effects regression model to investigate the association between BMI and SF-12 summary scores at baseline as well as between change in BMI and SF-12 summary scores over 3 years. We adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and in the longitudinal analysis also for the study arm and its interaction term with time. Results: Of the 7640 participants who completed the baseline questionnaire, 6726 participants (mean age: 61 years) were analyzed. The baseline BMI was inversely associated with physical and mental SF-12 summary scores (beta [95\% CI] per 1 kg/ m(2) : -0.36 [-0.41; -0.30] and -0.05 [-0.11; -0.00], respectively). A significant association between the change in BMI and physical SF-12 summary scores over time was only present in women (-0.18 [-0.27; -0.09]) and only in obese participants (-0.19 [-0.29; -0.10]). A change in BMI was directly associated with mental SF-12 summary scores (0.12 [0.06; 0.19]) in the total population. Conclusion: Increases in BMI were associated with decreases in physical HRQoL, particularly in obese individuals and in women. In contrast, the mental HRQoL seemed to increase with increasing BMI over time. Thus, body weight management with respect to the HRQoL should be evaluated differentially by sex and body weight status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuckelbauerEnglertRieckmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Muckelbauer, Rebecca and Englert, Heike and Rieckmann, Nina and Chen, Chih-Mei and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Katus, Hugo A. and Willich, Stefan N. and M{\"u}ller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline},
  title     = {Long-term effect of a low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program for patients with hypercholesterolemia: Randomized controlled trial},
  series = {Preventive medicine : an international journal devoted to practice and theory},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {Preventive medicine : an international journal devoted to practice and theory},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {San Diego},
  issn      = {0091-7435},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.026},
  pages     = {155 -- 161},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Objective. We evaluated the long-term effect of a smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program in patients with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Method. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial: In 2002-2004,8108 patients with hypercholesterolemia were enrolled from general practices in Germany. Patients received a 12-month adherence program and statin medication (intervention) or statin medication only (control). The program aimed to improve adherence to medication and lifestyle by educational material, mailings, and phone calls. Smoking was self-reported at baseline and every 6 months during the 3-year follow-up. Results. In total, 7640 patients were analyzed. At baseline, smoking prevalence was 21.7\% in the intervention and 21.5\% in the control group. Prevalence decreased in both groups to 16.6\% vs. 19.5\%, 153\% vs. 16.8\%, and 14.2\% vs. 15.6\% at the 12-, 24-, and 36-month follow-up. The intervention had a beneficial effect on smoking differing over time (group x time: P = 0.005). The effect was largest after 6 and 12 months [odds ratios (95\% confidence intervals): 0.67 (0.54-0.82) and 0.63 (0.51-0.78)]. The effect decreased until the 18-month follow-up [0.72 (0.58-0.90)] and was not significant after 24 months. Conclusion. A low-intensity smoking intervention embedded in an adherence program can contribute to smoking cessation although the intervention effect diminished over time. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VoellerEichlerHarnathetal.2016,
  author    = {V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Eichler, Sarah and Harnath, A. and Nothroff, J{\"o}rg and Butter, Christian and Schikora, Martin and Wegscheider, Karl and Salzwedel, Annett},
  title     = {Multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) - course of functioning and quality of life},
  series = {European heart journal},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {European heart journal},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0195-668X},
  pages     = {542 -- 542},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElmazarRuehlNau2001,
  author    = {Elmazar, Mohamed M. A. and R{\"u}hl, Ralph and Nau, Heinz},
  title     = {Synergistic Teratogenic Effects Induced by Retinoids in Mice by Coadministration of a RARa- or RARy-Selective Agonist with a RXR-Selective Agonist},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RuehlPlumElmazaretal.2001,
  author    = {R{\"u}hl, Ralph and Plum, Claudia and Elmazar, Mohamed M. A. and Nau, Heinz},
  title     = {Embryonic Subcellular Distribution of 13-cis- and All-trans-Retinoic Acid Indicates Differential Cytosolic/ Nuclear Localization},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StrackeWendhorffGoldmannetal.2000,
  author    = {Stracke, A. and Wendhorff, Joachim Heinz and Goldmann, Daniela and Janietz, Dietmar and Stiller, Burkhard},
  title     = {Gain effects in optical storage : thermal induction of a surface relief grating in a smectic liquid crystal},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HansenDendaleConinxetal.2017,
  author    = {Hansen, Dominique and Dendale, Paul and Coninx, Karin and Vanhees, Luc and Piepoli, Massimo F. and Niebauer, Josef and Cornelissen, Veronique and Pedretti, Roberto and Geurts, Eva and Ruiz, Gustavo R. and Corra, Ugo and Schmid, Jean-Paul and Greco, Eugenio and Davos, Constantinos H. and Edelmann, Frank and Abreu, Ana and Rauch, Bernhard and Ambrosetti, Marco and Braga, Simona S. and Barna, Olga and Beckers, Paul and Bussotti, Maurizio and Fagard, Robert and Faggiano, Pompilio and Garcia-Porrero, Esteban and Kouidi, Evangelia and Lamotte, Michel and Neunhaeuserer, Daniel and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Spruit, Martijn A. and Stettler, Christoph and Takken, Tim and Tonoli, Cajsa and Vigorito, Carlo and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Doherty, Patrick},
  title     = {The European Association of Preventive Cardiology Exercise Prescription in Everyday Practice and Rehabilitative Training (EXPERT) tool: A digital training and decision support system for optimized exercise prescription in cardiovascular disease. Concept, definitions and construction methodology},
  series = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary \& secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2047-4873},
  doi       = {10.1177/2047487317702042},
  pages     = {1017 -- 1031},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background Exercise rehabilitation is highly recommended by current guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease, but its implementation is still poor. Many clinicians experience difficulties in prescribing exercise in the presence of different concomitant cardiovascular diseases and risk factors within the same patient. It was aimed to develop a digital training and decision support system for exercise prescription in cardiovascular disease patients in clinical practice: the European Association of Preventive Cardiology Exercise Prescription in Everyday Practice and Rehabilitative Training (EXPERT) tool. Methods EXPERT working group members were requested to define (a) diagnostic criteria for specific cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other chronic non-cardiovascular conditions, (b) primary goals of exercise intervention, (c) disease-specific prescription of exercise training (intensity, frequency, volume, type, session and programme duration), and (d) exercise training safety advices. The impact of exercise tolerance, common cardiovascular medications and adverse events during exercise testing were further taken into account for optimized exercise prescription. Results Exercise training recommendations and safety advices were formulated for 10 cardiovascular diseases, five cardiovascular disease risk factors (type 1 and 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia), and three common chronic non-cardiovascular conditions (lung and renal failure and sarcopaenia), but also accounted for baseline exercise tolerance, common cardiovascular medications and occurrence of adverse events during exercise testing. An algorithm, supported by an interactive tool, was constructed based on these data. This training and decision support system automatically provides an exercise prescription according to the variables provided. Conclusion This digital training and decision support system may contribute in overcoming barriers in exercise implementation in common cardiovascular diseases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrimmBergerBastiansenetal.2006,
  author    = {Grimm, Volker and Berger, Uta and Bastiansen, Finn and Eliassen, Sigrunn and Ginot, Vincent and Giske, Jarl and Goss-Custard, John and Grand, Tamara and Heinz, Simone K. and Huse, Geir and Huth, Andreas and Jepsen, Jane U. and Jorgensen, Christian and Mooij, Wolf M. and Mueller, Birgit and Piou, Cyril and Railsback, Steven Floyd and Robbins, Andrew M. and Robbins, Martha M. and Rossmanith, Eva and Rueger, Nadja and Strand, Espen and Souissi, Sami and Stillman, Richard A. and Vabo, Rune and Visser, Ute and DeAngelis, Donald L.},
  title     = {A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models},
  series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog},
  volume    = {198},
  journal   = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0304-3800},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023},
  pages     = {115 -- 126},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Simulation models that describe autonomous individual organisms (individual based models, IBM) or agents (agent-based models, ABM) have become a widely used tool, not only in ecology, but also in many other disciplines dealing with complex systems made up of autonomous entities. However, there is no standard protocol for describing such simulation models, which can make them difficult to understand and to duplicate. This paper presents a proposed standard protocol, ODD, for describing IBMs and ABMs, developed and tested by 28 modellers who cover a wide range of fields within ecology. This protocol consists of three blocks (Overview, Design concepts, and Details), which are subdivided into seven elements: Purpose, State variables and scales, Process overview and scheduling, Design concepts, Initialization, Input, and Submodels. We explain which aspects of a model should be described in each element, and we present an example to illustrate the protocol in use. In addition, 19 examples are available in an Online Appendix. We consider ODD as a first step for establishing a more detailed common format of the description of IBMs and ABMs. Once initiated, the protocol will hopefully evolve as it becomes used by a sufficiently large proportion of modellers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeberAbuAyyashAbueladasetal.2009,
  author    = {Weber, Michael H. and Abu-Ayyash, Khalil and Abueladas, Abdel-Rahman and Agnon, Amotz and Alasonati-Taš{\´a}rov{\´a}, Zuzana and Al-Zubi, Hashim and Babeyko, Andrey and Bartov, Yuval and Bauer, Klaus and Becken, Michael and Bedrosian, Paul A. and Ben-Avraham, Zvi and Bock, G{\"u}nter and Bohnhoff, Marco and Bribach, Jens and Dulski, Peter and Ebbing, Joerg and El-Kelani, Radwan J. and Foerster, Andrea and F{\"o}rster, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Frieslander, Uri and Garfunkel, Zvi and G{\"o}tze, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Haak, Volker and Haberland, Christian and Hassouneh, Mohammed and Helwig, Stefan L. and Hofstetter, Alfons and Hoffmann-Rothe, Arne and Jaeckel, Karl-Heinz and Janssen, Christoph and Jaser, Darweesh and Kesten, Dagmar and Khatib, Mohammed Ghiath and Kind, Rainer and Koch, Olaf and Koulakov, Ivan and Laske, Maria Gabi and Maercklin, Nils},
  title     = {Anatomy of the Dead Sea transform from lithospheric to microscopic scale},
  issn      = {8755-1209},
  doi       = {10.1029/2008rg000264},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Fault zones are the locations where motion of tectonic plates, often associated with earthquakes, is accommodated. Despite a rapid increase in the understanding of faults in the last decades, our knowledge of their geometry, petrophysical properties, and controlling processes remains incomplete. The central questions addressed here in our study of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East are as follows: (1) What are the structure and kinematics of a large fault zone? (2) What controls its structure and kinematics? (3) How does the DST compare to other plate boundary fault zones? The DST has accommodated a total of 105 km of left-lateral transform motion between the African and Arabian plates since early Miocene (similar to 20 Ma). The DST segment between the Dead Sea and the Red Sea, called the Arava/Araba Fault (AF), is studied here using a multidisciplinary and multiscale approach from the mu m to the plate tectonic scale. We observe that under the DST a narrow, subvertical zone cuts through crust and lithosphere. First, from west to east the crustal thickness increases smoothly from 26 to 39 km, and a subhorizontal lower crustal reflector is detected east of the AF. Second, several faults exist in the upper crust in a 40 km wide zone centered on the AF, but none have kilometer-size zones of decreased seismic velocities or zones of high electrical conductivities in the upper crust expected for large damage zones. Third, the AF is the main branch of the DST system, even though it has accommodated only a part (up to 60 km) of the overall 105 km of sinistral plate motion. Fourth, the AF acts as a barrier to fluids to a depth of 4 km, and the lithology changes abruptly across it. Fifth, in the top few hundred meters of the AF a locally transpressional regime is observed in a 100-300 m wide zone of deformed and displaced material, bordered by subparallel faults forming a positive flower structure. Other segments of the AF have a transtensional character with small pull-aparts along them. The damage zones of the individual faults are only 5-20 m wide at this depth range. Sixth, two areas on the AF show mesoscale to microscale faulting and veining in limestone sequences with faulting depths between 2 and 5 km. Seventh, fluids in the AF are carried downward into the fault zone. Only a minor fraction of fluids is derived from ascending hydrothermal fluids. However, we found that on the kilometer scale the AF does not act as an important fluid conduit. Most of these findings are corroborated using thermomechanical modeling where shear deformation in the upper crust is localized in one or two major faults; at larger depth, shear deformation occurs in a 20-40 km wide zone with a mechanically weak decoupling zone extending subvertically through the entire lithosphere.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SommerGarbusowJuengeretal.2017,
  author    = {Sommer, C. and Garbusow, Maria and Juenger, E. and Pooseh, S. and Bernhardt, Nadine and Birkenstock, J. and Schad, Daniel and Jabs, B. and Gloeckler, T. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, A. and Smolka, Michael N. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S.},
  title     = {Strong seduction: impulsivity and the impact of contextual cues on instrumental behavior in alcohol dependence},
  series = {Translational Psychiatry},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Translational Psychiatry},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2158-3188},
  doi       = {10.1038/tp.2017.158},
  pages     = {1209 -- 1222},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Alcohol-related cues acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian conditioning and then can markedly affect instrumental behavior of alcohol-dependent patients to promote relapse. However, it is unclear whether similar effects occur with alcohol-unrelated cues. We tested 116 early-abstinent alcohol-dependent patients and 91 healthy controls who completed a delay discounting task to assess choice impulsivity, and a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm employing both alcohol-unrelated and alcohol-related stimuli. To modify instrumental choice behavior, we tiled the background of the computer screen either with conditioned stimuli (CS) previously generated by pairing abstract pictures with pictures indicating monetary gains or losses, or with pictures displaying alcohol or water beverages. CS paired to money gains and losses affected instrumental choices differently. This PIT effect was significantly more pronounced in patients compared to controls, and the group difference was mainly driven by highly impulsive patients. The PIT effect was particularly strong in trials in which the instrumental stimulus required inhibition of instrumental response behavior and the background CS was associated to monetary gains. Under that condition, patients performed inappropriate approach behavior, contrary to their previously formed behavioral intention. Surprisingly, the effect of alcohol and water pictures as background stimuli resembled that of aversive and appetitive CS, respectively. These findings suggest that positively valenced background CS can provoke dysfunctional instrumental approach behavior in impulsive alcohol-dependent patients. Consequently, in real life they might be easily seduced by environmental cues to engage in actions thwarting their long-term goals. Such behaviors may include, but are not limited to, approaching alcohol.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerUmbaschGiessenetal.2000,
  author    = {Bauer, C. and Umbasch, G. and Giessen, H. and Meisel, A. and Nothofer, Heinz-Georg and Neher, Dieter and Scherf, Ullrich and Marth, R.},
  title     = {Polarized Photoluminescence and Spectral Narrowing in an oriented Polyfluorene Thin Film},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrellKnollLupoetal.1999,
  author    = {Grell, M. and Knoll, W. and Lupo, D. and Meisel, A. and Miteva, T. and Neher, Dieter and Nothofer, Heinz-Georg and Scherf, Ullrich and Yasuda, H.},
  title     = {Blue polarized electroluminescence from a liquid crystalline polyfluorene},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KuschpelLiuSchadetal.2015,
  author    = {Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Liu, Shuyan and Schad, Daniel and Heinzel, Stephan and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Differential effects of wakeful rest, music and video game playing on working memory performance in the n-back task},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-85151},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The interruption of learning processes by breaks filled with diverse activities is common in everyday life. We investigated the effects of active computer gaming and passive relaxation (rest and music) breaks on working memory performance. Young adults were exposed to breaks involving (i) eyes-open resting, (ii) listening to music and (iii) playing the video game "Angry Birds" before performing the n-back working memory task. Based on linear mixed-effects modeling, we found that playing the "Angry Birds" video game during a short learning break led to a decline in task performance over the course of the task as compared to eyes-open resting and listening to music, although overall task performance was not impaired. This effect was associated with high levels of daily mind wandering and low self-reported ability to concentrate. These findings indicate that video games can negatively affect working memory performance over time when played in between learning tasks. We suggest further investigation of these effects because of their relevance to everyday activity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LiuSchadKuschpeletal.2016,
  author    = {Liu, Shuyan and Schad, Daniel and Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Music and Video Gaming during Breaks},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90700},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VoigtZimmermannStierLascheitetal.2019,
  author    = {Voigt-Zimmermann, Susanne and Stier, Karl-Heinz and Lascheit, Thomas and Kruse, Stephanie A. and Blickensdorff, Maria and F{\"o}rster, Theresa and Schumacher, Rebecca and Burchert, Frank and Ablinger, Irene and F{\"o}rster, Christine and Wahl, Michael and Schirmacher, Irene and Ostermann, Frank and Welke, Lisa-Marie and Frank, Ulrike and Zakari{\´a}s, Lilla and Salis, Christos and Wartenburger, Isabell and Krug, Ragna and St{\"u}bner, Hanna and Hoffmann, Sophie and Heide, Judith},
  title     = {Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 11. Schwerpunktthema: Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie},
  number    = {11},
  editor    = {Fritzsche, Tom and Yetim, {\"O}zlem and Otto, Constanze and Adelt, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-448-7},
  issn      = {1866-9085},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-41857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418574},
  pages     = {142},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Das 11. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik mit dem Schwerpunktthema »Gut gestimmt: Diagnostik und Therapie bei Dysphonie« fand am 18.11.2017 in Potsdam statt. Das Herbsttreffen wird seit 2007 j{\"a}hrlich vom Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die Hauptvortr{\"a}ge zum Schwerpunktthema sowie Beitr{\"a}ge zu den Kurzvortr{\"a}gen »Spektrum Patholinguistik« und der Posterpr{\"a}sentationen zu weiteren Themen aus der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SeboldNebeGarbusowetal.2017,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Nebe, Stephan and Garbusow, Maria and Guggenmos, Matthias and Schad, Daniel and Beck, Anne and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Sommer, Christian and Frank, Robin and Neu, Peter and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Rapp, Michael A. and Smolka, Michael N. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {When Habits Are Dangerous: Alcohol Expectancies and Habitual Decision Making Predict Relapse in Alcohol Dependence},
  series = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {82},
  journal   = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.019},
  pages     = {847 -- 856},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: Addiction is supposedly characterized by a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision making, thus facilitating automatic drug intake. The two-step task allows distinguishing between these mechanisms by computationally modeling goal-directed and habitual behavior as model-based and model-free control. In addicted patients, decision making may also strongly depend upon drug-associated expectations. Therefore, we investigated model-based versus model-free decision making and its neural correlates as well as alcohol expectancies in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls and assessed treatment outcome in patients. METHODS: Ninety detoxified, medication-free, alcohol-dependent patients and 96 age-and gender-matched control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during the two-step task. Alcohol expectancies were measured with the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire. Over a follow-up period of 48 weeks, 37 patients remained abstinent and 53 patients relapsed as indicated by the Alcohol Timeline Followback method. RESULTS: Patients who relapsed displayed reduced medial prefrontal cortex activation during model-based decision making. Furthermore, high alcohol expectancies were associated with low model-based control in relapsers, while the opposite was observed in abstainers and healthy control subjects. However, reduced model-based control per se was not associated with subsequent relapse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that poor treatment outcome in alcohol dependence does not simply result from a shift from model-based to model-free control but is instead dependent on the interaction between high drug expectancies and low model-based decision making. Reduced model-based medial prefrontal cortex signatures in those who relapse point to a neural correlate of relapse risk. These observations suggest that therapeutic interventions should target subjective alcohol expectancies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchadJuengerSeboldetal.2014,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel and Juenger, Elisabeth and Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Bernhart, Nadine and Javadi, Amir Homayoun and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Smolka, Michael N. and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M.},
  title     = {Smart goals, slow habits? Individual differences in processing speed and working memory capacity moderate the balance between habitual and goal-directed choice behavior},
  series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  volume    = {15},
  booktitle = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  pages     = {S62 -- S62},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GarbusowSchadSeboldetal.2016,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Sebold, Miriam and Friedel, Eva and Bernhardt, Nadine and Koch, Stefan P. and Steinacher, Bruno and Kathmann, Norbert and Geurts, Dirk E. M. and Sommer, Christian and Mueller, Dirk K. and Nebe, Stephan and Paul, Soeren and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Walter, Henrik and Smolka, Michael N. and Sterzer, Philipp and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer effects in the nucleus accumbens relate to relapse in alcohol dependence},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.12243},
  pages     = {719 -- 731},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In detoxified alcohol-dependent patients, alcohol-related stimuli can promote relapse. However, to date, the mechanisms by which contextual stimuli promote relapse have not been elucidated in detail. One hypothesis is that such contextual stimuli directly stimulate the motivation to drink via associated brain regions like the ventral striatum and thus promote alcohol seeking, intake and relapse. Pavlovian-to-Instrumental-Transfer (PIT) may be one of those behavioral phenomena contributing to relapse, capturing how Pavlovian conditioned (contextual) cues determine instrumental behavior (e.g. alcohol seeking and intake). We used a PIT paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the effects of classically conditioned Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental choices in n=31 detoxified patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence and n=24 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Patients were followed up over a period of 3 months. We observed that (1) there was a significant behavioral PIT effect for all participants, which was significantly more pronounced in alcohol-dependent patients; (2) PIT was significantly associated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in subsequent relapsers only; and (3) PIT-related NAcc activation was associated with, and predictive of, critical outcomes (amount of alcohol intake and relapse during a 3 months follow-up period) in alcohol-dependent patients. These observations show for the first time that PIT-related BOLD signals, as a measure of the influence of Pavlovian cues on instrumental behavior, predict alcohol intake and relapse in alcohol dependence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelRiemerSchulteetal.2014,
  author    = {Heinzel, Stephan and Riemer, Thomas G. and Schulte, Stefanie and Onken, Johanna and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects age-related changes in plasticity in working memory: a pilot study},
  series = {BioMed research international},
  journal   = {BioMed research international},
  publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corp.},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2314-6133},
  doi       = {10.1155/2014/414351},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Objectives. Recent work suggests that a genetic variation associated with increased dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met; COMT) amplifies age-related changes in working memory performance. Research on younger adults indicates that the influence of dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms on working memory performance increases when testing the cognitive limits through training. To date, this has not been studied in older adults. Method. Here we investigate the effect of COMT genotype on plasticity in working memory in a sample of 14 younger (aged 24-30 years) and 25 older (aged 60-75 years) healthy adults. Participants underwent adaptive training in the n-back working memory task over 12 sessions under increasing difficulty conditions. Results. Both younger and older adults exhibited sizeable behavioral plasticity through training (P < .001), which was larger in younger as compared to older adults (P < .001). Age-related differences were qualified by an interaction with COMT genotype (P < .001), and this interaction was due to decreased behavioral plasticity in older adults carrying the Val/Val genotype, while there was no effect of genotype in younger adults. Discussion. Our findings indicate that age-related changes in plasticity in working memory are critically affected by genetic variation in prefrontal dopamine metabolism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuSchadKuschpeletal.2016,
  author    = {Liu, Shuyan and Schad, Daniel and Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Music and Video Gaming during Breaks},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {Lawrence, Kan.},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0150165},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaytsevaKorsakovaGurovichetal.2014,
  author    = {Zaytseva, Yuliya and Korsakova, Natalya and Gurovich, Isaac Ya and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Luria revisited: Complex motor phenomena in first episode schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders},
  series = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {220},
  journal   = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0165-1781},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.009},
  pages     = {145 -- 151},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DeekenReichertZechetal.2022,
  author    = {Deeken, Friederike and Reichert, Markus and Zech, Hilmar and Wenzel, Julia and Wedemeyer, Friederike and Aguilera, Alvaro and Aslan, Acelya and Bach, Patrick and Bahr, Nadja Samia and Ebrahimi, Claudia and Fischbach, Pascale Christine and Ganz, Marvin and Garbusow, Maria and Großkopf, Charlotte M. and Heigert, Marie and Hentschel, Angela and Karl, Damian and Pelz, Patricia and Pinger, Mathieu and Riemerschmid, Carlotta and Rosenthal, Annika and Steffen, Johannes and Strehle, Jens and Weiss,, Franziska and Wieder, Gesine and Wieland, Alfred and Zaiser, Judith and Zimmermann, Sina and Walter, Henrik and Lenz, Bernd and Deserno, Lorenz and Smolka, Michael N. and Liu, Shuyan and Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany},
  series = {JAMA Network Open},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {JAMA Network Open},
  edition   = {8},
  publisher = {JAMA Network / American Medical Association},
  address   = {Chicago, Illinois, USA},
  issn      = {2574-3805},
  doi       = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.24641},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence. Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021). Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates. Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0\%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95\% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95\% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year's Eve (β = 66.88; 95\% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95\% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = -5.45; 95\% CI, -8.00 to -2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = -11.10; 95\% CI, -13.63 to -8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = -6.14; 95\% CI, -9.96 to -2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = -6.26; 95\% CI, -10.18 to -2.34; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaltaBeylergilBeckDesernoetal.2017,
  author    = {Balta Beylergil, Sinem and Beck, Anne and Deserno, Lorenz and Lorenz, Robert C. and Rapp, Michael A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas and Obermayer, Klaus},
  title     = {Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol dependence},
  series = {NeuroImage: Clinical : a journal of diseases affecting the nervous system},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {NeuroImage: Clinical : a journal of diseases affecting the nervous system},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {2213-1582},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.010},
  pages     = {80 -- 94},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Substance-dependent individuals often lack the ability to adjust decisions flexibly in response to the changes in reward contingencies. Prediction errors (PEs) are thought to mediate flexible decision-making by updating the reward values associated with available actions. In this study, we explored whether the neurobiological correlates of PEs are altered in alcohol dependence. Behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were simultaneously acquired from 34 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and 26 healthy controls (HC) during a probabilistic reward-guided decision-making task with dynamically changing reinforcement contingencies. A hierarchical Bayesian inference method was used to fit and compare learning models with different assumptions about the amount of task-related information subjects may have inferred during the experiment. Here, we observed that the best-fitting model was a modified Rescorla-Wagner type model, the "double-update" model, which assumes that subjects infer the knowledge that reward contingencies are anti-correlated, and integrate both actual and hypothetical outcomes into their decisions. Moreover, comparison of the best-fitting model's parameters showed that ADP were less sensitive to punishments compared to HC. Hence, decisions of ADP after punishments were loosely coupled with the expected reward values assigned to them. A correlation analysis between the model-generated PEs and the fMRI data revealed a reduced association between these PEs and the BOLD activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ADP. A hemispheric asymmetry was observed in the DLPFC when positive and negative PE signals were analyzed separately. The right DLPFC activity in ADP showed a reduced correlation with positive PEs. On the other hand, ADP, particularly the patients with high dependence severity, recruited the left DLPFC to a lesser extent than HC for processing negative PE signals. These results suggest that the DLPFC, which has been linked to adaptive control of action selection, may play an important role in cognitive inflexibility observed in alcohol dependence when reinforcement contingencies change. Particularly, the left DLPFC may contribute to this impaired behavioral adaptation, possibly by impeding the extinction of the actions that no longer lead to a reward.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenNebeMojtahedzadehetal.2020,
  author    = {Chen, Hao and Nebe, Stephan and Mojtahedzadeh, Negin and Kuitunen-Paul, Soren and Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, Andreas and Smolka, Michael N.},
  title     = {Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is associated with early hazardous alcohol use},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.12983},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks examine the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on ongoing instrumental behaviour. Previous studies reported associations between a strong PIT effect, high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. This study investigated whether susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is linked to risky alcohol use in a community sample of 18-year-old male adults. Participants (N = 191) were instructed to 'collect good shells' and 'leave bad shells' during the presentation of appetitive (monetary reward), aversive (monetary loss) or neutral Pavlovian stimuli. We compared instrumental error rates (ER) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses between the congruent and incongruent conditions, as well as among high-risk and low-risk drinking groups. On average, individuals showed a substantial PIT effect, that is, increased ER when Pavlovian cues and instrumental stimuli were in conflict compared with congruent trials. Neural PIT correlates were found in the ventral striatum and the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC). Importantly, high-risk drinking was associated with a stronger behavioural PIT effect, a decreased lPFC response and an increased neural response in the ventral striatum on the trend level. Moreover, high-risk drinkers showed weaker connectivity from the ventral striatum to the lPFC during incongruent trials. Our study links interference during PIT to drinking behaviour in healthy, young adults. High-risk drinkers showed higher susceptibility to Pavlovian cues, especially when they conflicted with instrumental behaviour, indicating lower interference control abilities. Increased activity in the ventral striatum (bottom-up), decreased lPFC response (top-down), and their altered interplay may contribute to poor interference control in the high-risk drinkers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GruebnerRappAdlietal.2017,
  author    = {Gruebner, Oliver and Rapp, Michael A. and Adli, Mazda and Kluge, Ulrike and Galea, Sandro and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Cities and Mental Health},
  series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt international : a weekly online journal of clinical medicine and public health},
  volume    = {114},
  journal   = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt international : a weekly online journal of clinical medicine and public health},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Dt. {\"A}rzte-Verl.},
  address   = {Cologne},
  issn      = {1866-0452},
  doi       = {10.3238/arztebl.2017.0121},
  pages     = {121 -- 127},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: More than half of the global population currently lives in cities, with an increasing trend for further urbanization. Living in cities is associated with increased population density, traffic noise and pollution, but also with better access to health care and other commodities. Methods: This review is based on a selective literature search, providing an overview of the risk factors for mental illness in urban centers. Results: Studies have shown that the risk for serious mental illness is generally higher in cities compared to rural areas. Epidemiological studies have associated growing up and living in cities with a considerably higher risk for schizophrenia. However, correlation is not causation and living in poverty can both contribute to and result from impairments associated with poor mental health. Social isolation and discrimination as well as poverty in the neighborhood contribute to the mental health burden while little is known about specific inter actions between such factors and the built environment. Conclusion: Further insights on the interaction between spatial heterogeneity of neighborhood resources and socio-ecological factors is warranted and requires interdisciplinary research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BotteriPeveriBerstadetal.2022,
  author    = {Botteri, Edoardo and Peveri, Giulia and Berstad, Paula and Bagnardi, Vincenzo and Chen, Sairah L. F. and Sandanger, Torkjel M. and Hoff, Geir and Dahm, Christina C. and Antoniussen, Christian S. and Tjonneland, Anne and Eriksen, Anne Kirstine and Skeie, Guri and Perez-Cornago, Aurora and Huerta, Jose Maria and Jakszyn, Paula and Harlid, Sophia and Sundstroem, Bjoern and Barricarte, Aurelio and Monninkhof, Evelyn M. and Derksen, Jeroen W. G. and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Sanchez, Maria-Jose and Cross, Amanda J. and Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. and De Magistris, Maria Santucci and Kaaks, Rudolf and Katzke, Verena and Rothwell, Joseph A. and Laouali, Nasser and Severi, Gianluca and Amiano, Pilar and Contiero, Paolo and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Goldberg, Marcel and Touvier, Mathilde and Freisling, Heinz and Viallon, Vivian and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Riboli, Elio and Gunter, Marc J. and Jenab, Mazda and Ferrari, Pietro},
  title     = {Changes in lifestyle and risk of colorectal cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition},
  series = {The American journal of gastroenterology : AJG},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {The American journal of gastroenterology : AJG},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0002-9270},
  doi       = {10.14309/ajg.0000000000002065},
  pages     = {702 -- 711},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {INTRODUCTION: We investigated the impact of changes in lifestyle habits on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a multicountry European cohort. METHODS: We used baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer cohort to assess changes in lifestyle habits and their associations with CRC development. We calculated a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) score based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and physical activity collected at the 2 time points. HLI ranged from 0 (most unfavorable) to 16 (most favorable). We estimated the association between HLI changes and CRC risk using Cox regression models and reported hazard ratios (HR) with 95\% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Among 295,865 participants, 2,799 CRC cases were observed over a median of 7.8 years. The median time between questionnaires was 5.7 years. Each unit increase in HLI from the baseline to the follow-up assessment was associated with a statistically significant 3\% lower CRC risk. Among participants in the top tertile at baseline (HLI > 11), those in the bottom tertile at follow-up (HLI <= 9) had a higher CRC risk (HR 1.34; 95\% CI 1.02-1.75) than those remaining in the top tertile. Among individuals in the bottom tertile at baseline, those in the top tertile at follow-up had a lower risk (HR 0.77; 95\% CI 0.59-1.00) than those remaining in the bottom tertile. DISCUSSION: Improving adherence to a healthy lifestyle was inversely associated with CRC risk, while worsening adherence was positively associated with CRC risk. These results justify and support recommendations for healthy lifestyle changes and healthy lifestyle maintenance for CRC prevention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{DeekenReichertZechetal.,
  author    = {Deeken, Friederike and Reichert, Markus and Zech, Hilmar and Wenzel, Julia and Wedemeyer, Friederike and Aguilera, Alvaro and Aslan, Acelya and Bach, Patrick and Bahr, Nadja Samia and Ebrahimi, Claudia and Fischbach, Pascale Christine and Ganz, Marvin and Garbusow, Maria and Großkopf, Charlotte M. and Heigert, Marie and Hentschel, Angela and Karl, Damian and Pelz, Patricia and Pinger, Mathieu and Riemerschmid, Carlotta and Rosenthal, Annika and Steffen, Johannes and Strehle, Jens and Weiss, Franziska and Wieder, Gesine and Wieland, Alfred and Zaiser, Judith and Zimmermann, Sina and Walter, Henrik and Lenz, Bernd and Deserno, Lorenz and Smolka, Michael N. and Liu, Shuyan and Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {805},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57146},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571460},
  pages     = {11},
  abstract  = {Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence. Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021). Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates. Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0\%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95\% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95\% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year's Eve (β = 66.88; 95\% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95\% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = -5.45; 95\% CI, -8.00 to -2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = -11.10; 95\% CI, -13.63 to -8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = -6.14; 95\% CI, -9.96 to -2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = -6.26; 95\% CI, -10.18 to -2.34; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchraplauBlockHaeusleretal.2021,
  author    = {Schraplau, Anne and Block, Andrea and H{\"a}usler, Andreas and Wippert, Pia-Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Bonaventura, Klaus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study: the Mobile Brandenburg Cohort},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54950},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549506},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS. Methods In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis. Discussion The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ChenNebeMojtahedzadehetal.2020,
  author    = {Chen, Hao and Nebe, Stephan and Mojtahedzadeh, Negin and Kuitunen-Paul, Soren and Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, Andreas and Smolka, Michael N.},
  title     = {Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is associated with early hazardous alcohol use},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56960},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569609},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks examine the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on ongoing instrumental behaviour. Previous studies reported associations between a strong PIT effect, high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. This study investigated whether susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is linked to risky alcohol use in a community sample of 18-year-old male adults. Participants (N = 191) were instructed to 'collect good shells' and 'leave bad shells' during the presentation of appetitive (monetary reward), aversive (monetary loss) or neutral Pavlovian stimuli. We compared instrumental error rates (ER) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses between the congruent and incongruent conditions, as well as among high-risk and low-risk drinking groups. On average, individuals showed a substantial PIT effect, that is, increased ER when Pavlovian cues and instrumental stimuli were in conflict compared with congruent trials. Neural PIT correlates were found in the ventral striatum and the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC). Importantly, high-risk drinking was associated with a stronger behavioural PIT effect, a decreased lPFC response and an increased neural response in the ventral striatum on the trend level. Moreover, high-risk drinkers showed weaker connectivity from the ventral striatum to the lPFC during incongruent trials. Our study links interference during PIT to drinking behaviour in healthy, young adults. High-risk drinkers showed higher susceptibility to Pavlovian cues, especially when they conflicted with instrumental behaviour, indicating lower interference control abilities. Increased activity in the ventral striatum (bottom-up), decreased lPFC response (top-down), and their altered interplay may contribute to poor interference control in the high-risk drinkers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael A. and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52597},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525972},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HaegeleSchlagenhaufRappetal.2014,
  author    = {H{\"a}gele, Claudia and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Sterzer, Philipp and Beck, Anne and Bermpohl, Felix and Stoy, Meline and Str{\"o}hle, Andreas and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Dolan, Raymond J. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Dimensional psychiatry},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {653},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43106},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431064},
  pages     = {331 -- 341},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {A dimensional approach in psychiatry aims to identify core mechanisms of mental disorders across nosological boundaries. We compared anticipation of reward between major psychiatric disorders, and investigated whether reward anticipation is impaired in several mental disorders and whether there is a common psychopathological correlate (negative mood) of such an impairment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task to study the functional correlates of reward anticipation across major psychiatric disorders in 184 subjects, with the diagnoses of alcohol dependence (n = 26), schizophrenia (n = 44), major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 24), bipolar disorder (acute manic episode, n = 13), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 54). Subjects' individual Beck Depression Inventory-and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-scores were correlated with clusters showing significant activation during reward anticipation. During reward anticipation, we observed significant group differences in ventral striatal (VS) activation: patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and major depression showed significantly less ventral striatal activation compared to healthy controls. Depressive symptoms correlated with dysfunction in reward anticipation regardless of diagnostic entity. There was no significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and VS functional activation. Our findings demonstrate a neurobiological dysfunction related to reward prediction that transcended disorder categories and was related to measures of depressed mood. The findings underline the potential of a dimensional approach in psychiatry and strengthen the hypothesis that neurobiological research in psychiatric disorders can be targeted at core mechanisms that are likely to be implicated in a range of clinical entities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FriedelSchlagenhaufBecketal.2014,
  author    = {Friedel, Eva and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Beck, Anne and Dolan, Raymond J. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {The effects of life stress and neural learning signals on fluid intelligence},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {621},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43514},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435140},
  pages     = {35 -- 43},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GarbusowNebeSommeretal.2019,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Nebe, Stephan and Sommer, Christian and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Sebold, Miriam and Schad, Daniel and Friedel, Eva and Veer, Ilya M. and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Rapp, Michael A. and Ripke, Stephan and Walter, Henrik and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Smolka, Michael N. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {841},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47328},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473280},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GarbusowSchadSommeretal.2014,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Sommer, Christian and Juenger, Elisabeth and Sebold, Miriam and Friedel, Eva and Wendt, Jean and Kathmann, Norbert and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Heinz, Andreas and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in alcohol dependence: a pilot study},
  series = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0302-282X},
  doi       = {10.1159/000363507},
  pages     = {111 -- 121},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping ongoing thought and behavior. The influence of pavlovian stimuli on ongoing behavior is paradigmatically measured by pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced PIT. Methods: Thirty-two recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviors. The task involved both pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks. Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect, and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs. Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol-dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RappMellMajicetal.2013,
  author    = {Rapp, Michael A. and Mell, Thomas and Majic, Tomislav and Treusch, Yvonne and Nordheim, Johanna and Niemann-Mirmehdi, Mechthild and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Agitation in Nursing Home Residents With Dementia (VIDEANT Trial) - Effects of a Cluster-Randomized, Controlled, Guideline Implementation Trial},
  series = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of the American Medical Directors Association},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1525-8610},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.017},
  pages     = {690 -- 695},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective: To test the effect of a complex guideline-based intervention on agitation and psychotropic prescriptions. Design, Setting, Participants: Cluster randomized controlled trial (VIDEANT) with blinded assessment of outcome in 18 nursing homes in Berlin, Germany, comprising 304 dementia patients. Intervention: Training, support, and activity therapy intervention, delivered at the level of each nursing home, focusing on the management of agitation in dementia. Control group nursing homes received treatment as usual. Measurements: Levels of agitated and disruptive behavior (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory [CMAI]) as the primary outcome. Number of neuroleptics, antidepressants, and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) prescribed in defined daily dosages (DDDs). Results: Of 326 patients screened, 304 (93.3\%) were eligible and cluster-randomized to 9 intervention (n = 163) and 9 control (n = 141) nursing homes. Data were collected from 287 (94.4\%) patients at 10 months. At 10 months, compared with controls, nursing home residents with dementia in the intervention group exhibited significantly less agitation as measured with the CMAI (adjusted mean difference, 6.24; 95\% CI 2.03-14.14; P = .009; Cohen's d = 0.43), received fewer neuroleptics (P < .05), more ChEIs (P < .05), and more antidepressants (P < .05). Conclusion: Complex guideline-based interventions are effective in reducing agitated and disruptive behavior in nursing home residents with dementia. At the same time, increased prescription of ChEIs and antidepressants together with decreased neuroleptic prescription suggests an effect toward guideline-based pharmacotherapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TreuschMajicPageetal.2015,
  author    = {Treusch, Yvonne and Majic, Tomislav and Page, Julie and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Apathy in nursing home residents with dementia: Results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.02.004},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Here we evaluate an interdisciplinary occupational and sport therapy intervention for dementia patients suffering from apathy. Subjects and methods: A prospective, controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial with two follow-ups was conducted as part of a larger cluster-randomized trial in 18 nursing homes in Berlin. n = 117 dementia patients with apathy, defined as a score of 40 or more on the apathy evaluation scale (AES) or presence of apathy on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. The intervention included 10 months of brief activities, provided once a week. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the AES scale measured directly after the intervention period and again after 12 months. Results: We found significant group differences with respect to apathy during the 10 month intervention period (F-2,F-82 = 7.79, P < 0.01), which reflected an increase in apathy in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Within one year after the intervention was ceased, the treatment group worsened and no longer differed significantly from the control group (P = 0.55). Conclusions: Our intervention was effective for the therapy of apathy in dementia, when applied, but not one year after cessation of therapy. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelLorenzBrockhausetal.2014,
  author    = {Heinzel, Stephan and Lorenz, Robert C. and Brockhaus, Wolf-Ruediger and Wuestenberg, Torsten and Kathmann, Norbert and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Working memory load-dependent brain response predicts behavioral training gains in older adults},
  series = {The journal of neuroscience},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {The journal of neuroscience},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0270-6474},
  doi       = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2463-13.2014},
  pages     = {1224 -- 1233},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In the domain of working memory (WM), a sigmoid-shaped relationship between WM load and brain activation patterns has been demonstrated in younger adults. It has been suggested that age-related alterations of this pattern are associated with changes in neural efficiency and capacity. At the same time, WM training studies have shown that some older adults are able to increase their WM performance through training. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging during an n-back WM task at different WM load levels was applied to compare blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses between younger and older participants and to predict gains in WM performance after a subsequent 12-session WM training procedure in older adults. We show that increased neural efficiency and capacity, as reflected by more "youth-like" brain response patterns in regions of interest of the frontoparietal WM network, were associated with better behavioral training outcome beyond the effects of age, sex, education, gray matter volume, and baseline WM performance. Furthermore, at low difficulty levels, decreases in BOLD response were found after WM training. Results indicate that both neural efficiency (i. e., decreased activation at comparable performance levels) and capacity (i. e., increasing activation with increasing WM load) of a WM-related network predict plasticity of the WM system, whereas WM training may specifically increase neural efficiency in older adults.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeboldDesernoNebeetal.2014,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Deserno, Lorenz and Nebe, Stefan and Schad, Daniel and Garbusow, Maria and Haegele, Claudia and Keller, Juergen and Juenger, Elisabeth and Kathmann, Norbert and Smolka, Michael N. and Rapp, Michael A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas and Huys, Quentin J. M.},
  title     = {Model-based and model-free decisions in alcohol dependence},
  series = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Neuropsychobiology : international journal of experimental and clinical research in biological psychiatry, pharmacopsychiatry, Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology and Pharmacoelectroencephalography},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0302-282X},
  doi       = {10.1159/000362840},
  pages     = {122 -- 131},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Background: Human and animal work suggests a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision-making in addiction. However, the evidence for this in human alcohol dependence is as yet inconclusive. Methods: Twenty-six healthy controls and 26 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients underwent behavioral testing with a 2-step task designed to disentangle goal-directed and habitual response patterns. Results: Alcohol-dependent patients showed less evidence of goal-directed choices than healthy controls, particularly after losses. There was no difference in the strength of the habitual component. The group differences did not survive controlling for performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol use appears to selectively impair goal-directed function, rather than promoting habitual responding. It appears to do so particularly after nonrewards, and this may be mediated by the effects of alcohol on more general cognitive functions subserved by the prefrontal cortex.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RappKlugePenkaetal.2015,
  author    = {Rapp, Michael A. and Kluge, Ulrike and Penka, Simone and Vardar, Azra and Aichberger, Marion Christina and Mundt, Adrian P. and Schouler-Ocak, Meryam and M{\"o}sko, Mike and Butler, Jeffrey and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {When local poverty is more important than your income: Mental health in minorities in inner cities},
  series = {World psychiatry},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {World psychiatry},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1723-8617},
  doi       = {10.1002/wps.20221},
  pages     = {249 -- 250},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchadGarbusowFriedeletal.2018,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel and Garbusow, Maria and Friedel, Eva and Sommer, Christian and Sebold, Miriam and H{\"a}gele, Claudia and Bernhardt, Nadine and Nebe, Stephan and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Liu, Shuyan and Eichmann, Uta and Beck, Anne and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Walter, Henrik and Sterzer, Philipp and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Smolka, Michael N. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk},
  series = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {269},
  journal   = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0940-1334},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00406-017-0860-4},
  pages     = {295 -- 308},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = -3.86, p < .001), but not in healthy controls (t = -0.92, p = .36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t((30)) = 2.06, p < .05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GleichSpittaButleretal.2020,
  author    = {Gleich, Tobias and Spitta, Gianna and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, Semiha and Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Heinz, Andreas and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk},
  series = {Addiction Biology},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Addiction Biology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1369-1600},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.12915},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaegeleSchlagenhaufRappetal.2015,
  author    = {Haegele, Claudia and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Sterzer, Philipp and Beck, Anne and Bermpohl, Felix and Stoy, Meline and Stroehle, Andreas and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Dolan, Raymond J. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Dimensional psychiatry: reward dysfunction and depressive mood across psychiatric disorders},
  series = {Psychopharmacology},
  volume    = {232},
  journal   = {Psychopharmacology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0033-3158},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00213-014-3662-7},
  pages     = {331 -- 341},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {A dimensional approach in psychiatry aims to identify core mechanisms of mental disorders across nosological boundaries. We compared anticipation of reward between major psychiatric disorders, and investigated whether reward anticipation is impaired in several mental disorders and whether there is a common psychopathological correlate (negative mood) of such an impairment. During reward anticipation, we observed significant group differences in ventral striatal (VS) activation: patients with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, and major depression showed significantly less ventral striatal activation compared to healthy controls. Depressive symptoms correlated with dysfunction in reward anticipation regardless of diagnostic entity. There was no significant correlation between anxiety symptoms and VS functional activation. Our findings demonstrate a neurobiological dysfunction related to reward prediction that transcended disorder categories and was related to measures of depressed mood. The findings underline the potential of a dimensional approach in psychiatry and strengthen the hypothesis that neurobiological research in psychiatric disorders can be targeted at core mechanisms that are likely to be implicated in a range of clinical entities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MajicGutzmannHeinzetal.2013,
  author    = {Majic, Tomislav and Gutzmann, Hans and Heinz, Andreas and Lang, Undine E. and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Animal-assisted therapy and agitation and depression in nursing home residents with dementia - a matched case-control trial},
  series = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {1064-7481},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jagp.2013.03.004},
  pages     = {1052 -- 1059},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression in nursing home residents with dementia in a randomized controlled trial. Previous studies have indicated that AAT has beneficial effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms in various psychiatric disorders but few studies have investigated the efficacy of AAT in patients suffering from dementia. Methods: Of 65 nursing home residents with dementia (mean [standard deviation] age: 81.8 [9.2] years; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 7.1 [0.7]), 27 matched pairs (N = 54) were randomly assigned to either treatment as usual or treatment as usual combined with AAT, administered over 10 weekly sessions. Blinded raters assessed cognitive impairment with the Mini-Mental State Examination, presence of agitation/aggression with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and depression with the Dementia Mood Assessment Scale at baseline and during a period of 4 weeks after AAT intervention. Results: In the control group, symptoms of agitation/aggression and depression significantly increased over 10 weeks; in the intervention group, patients receiving combined treatment displayed constant frequency and severity of symptoms of agitation/aggression (F-1,F-48 = 6.43; p <0.05) and depression (F-1,F-48 = 26.54; p <0.001). Symptom amelioration did not occur in either group. Conclusions: AAT is a promising option for the treatment of agitation/aggression and depression in patients with dementia. Our results suggest that AAT may delay progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented nursing home residents. Further research is needed to determine its long-time effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzelLorenzPelzetal.2016,
  author    = {Heinzel, Stephan and Lorenz, Robert C. and Pelz, Patricia and Heinz, Andreas and Walter, Henrik and Kathmann, Norbert and Rapp, Michael A. and Stelzel, Christine},
  title     = {Neural correlates of training and transfer effects in working memory in older adults},
  series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function},
  volume    = {134},
  journal   = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {San Diego},
  issn      = {1053-8119},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.068},
  pages     = {236 -- 249},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {As indicated by previous research, aging is associated with a decline in working memory (WM) functioning, related to alterations in fronto-parietal neural activations. At the same time, previous studies showed that WM training in older adults may improve the performance in the trained task (training effect), and more importantly, also in untrained WM tasks (transfer effects). However, neural correlates of these transfer effects that would improve understanding of its underlying mechanisms, have not been shown in older participants as yet. In this study, we investigated blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes during n-back performance and an untrained delayed recognition (Sternberg) task following 12 sessions (45 min each) of adaptive n-back training in older adults. The Sternberg task used in this study allowed to test for neural training effects independent of specific task affordances of the trained task and to separate maintenance from updating processes. Thirty-two healthy older participants (60-75 years) were assigned either to an n-back training or a no-contact control group. Before (t1) and after (t2) training/waiting period, both the n-back task and the Sternberg task were conducted while BOLD signal was measured using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in all participants. In addition, neuropsychological tests were performed outside the scanner. WM performance improved with training and behavioral transfer to tests measuring executive functions, processing speed, and fluid intelligence was found. In the training group, BOLD signal in the right lateral middle frontal gyrus/caudal superior frontal sulcus (Brodmann area, BA 6/8) decreased in both the trained n-back and the updating condition of the untrained Sternberg task at t2, compared to the control group. fMRI findings indicate a training-related increase in processing efficiency of WM networks, potentially related to the process of WM updating. Performance gains in untrained tasks suggest that transfer to other cognitive tasks remains possible in aging. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NienaberHeinzRappetal.2018,
  author    = {Nienaber, Andr{\´e} and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A. and Bermpohl, F. and Schulz, M. and Behrens, J. and L{\"o}hr, M.},
  title     = {Einfluss der Personalbesetzung auf Konflikte auf psychiatrischen Stationen},
  series = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Neurologie},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Neurologie},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0028-2804},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00115-018-0521-5},
  pages     = {821 -- 827},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Psychiatrische Stationen sind ein wichtiges Element in der psychiatrischen Versorgung von Menschen mit akuter Eigen- oder Fremdgef{\"a}hrdung. Leider kommt es in diesem Rahmen immer wieder auch zu Aggression, Gewalt (Konflikten) sowie zur Anwendung von Zwang (Eind{\"a}mmung). Als entscheidender Faktor f{\"u}r den sachgem{\"a}ßen Umgang mit diesen Situationen wird sowohl die Quantit{\"a}t als auch die Qualit{\"a}t der Mitarbeitenden angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund besch{\"a}ftigt sich die vorliegende Untersuchung mit der Versorgungssituation auf akutpsychiatrischen Stationen. Die Hypothese lautet, dass sowohl die Gr{\"o}ße der akutpsychiatrischen Station als auch die Anzahl der Pflegenden einen Einfluss auf das Vorkommen konflikthafter Situationen haben. Hierf{\"u}r sind Daten in 6 Kliniken auf insgesamt 12 psychiatrischen Stationen erfasst worden. Als Erfassungsinstrument diente die Patient Staff Conflict Checklist - Shift Report (PCC-SR). Insgesamt konnten 2026 Schichten (Fr{\"u}h‑, Sp{\"a}t- und Nachtschicht) erfasst und ausgewertet werden. Die personelle Besetzung der Stationen mit Pflegepersonal variierte erheblich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Stationsgr{\"o}ße als auch die Anzahl der Pflegepersonen auf akutpsychiatrischen Stationen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Vorkommen von Konflikten haben. In den Ergebnissen zeigt sich weiterhin, dass sich die Inzidenz des konflikthaften Verhaltens von Patienten sowohl im Hinblick auf die untersuchten Stationen der beteiligten Krankenh{\"a}user als auch im Hinblick auf die betrachteten Dienstzeittypen unterscheiden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt sich, dass das Ausmaß der Schließung einer Akutstation und die Gr{\"o}ße einer Station einen negativen Einfluss auf die Inzidenz von Konflikten im station{\"a}r akutpsychiatrischen Kontext haben. Das Auftreten konflikthaften Verhaltens kann zur Fremd- oder Selbstgef{\"a}hrdung und zu einer Vielzahl deeskalierender und eind{\"a}mmender Maßnahmen f{\"u}hren. Hierf{\"u}r sind entsprechende personelle Ressourcen erforderlich.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HeinzKieferSmolkaetal.2020,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Kiefer, Falk and Smolka, Michael N. and Endrass, Tanja and Beste, Christian and Beck, Anne and Liu, Shuyan and Genauck, Alexander and Romund, Lydia and Rapp, Michael A. and Tost, Heike and Spanagel, Rainer},
  title     = {Addiction research consortium: losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) - from trajectories to mechanisms and interventions},
  series = {Addiction Biology},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Addiction Biology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  address   = {New Jersey},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {One of the major risk factors for global death and disability is alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. While there is increasing knowledge with respect to individual factors promoting the initiation and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUDs), disease trajectories involved in losing and regaining control over drug intake (ReCoDe) are still not well described. Our newly formed German Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) on ReCoDe has an interdisciplinary approach funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) with a 12-year perspective. The main goals of our research consortium are (i) to identify triggers and modifying factors that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption in real life, (ii) to study underlying behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological mechanisms, and (iii) to implicate mechanism-based interventions. These goals will be achieved by: (i) using mobile health (m-health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers (drug cues, stressors, and priming doses) and modify factors (eg, age, gender, physical activity, and cognitive control) on drug consumption patterns in real-life conditions and in animal models of addiction; (ii) the identification and computational modeling of key mechanisms mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on goal-directed, habitual, and compulsive aspects of behavior from human studies and animal models; and (iii) developing and testing interventions that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KaminskiSchlagenhaufRappetal.2018,
  author    = {Kaminski, Jakob and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Rapp, Michael A. and Awasthi, Swapnil and Ruggeri, Barbara and Deserno, Lorenz and Laura, Daedelow and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bokde, Arun and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Buechel, Christian and Bromberg, Uli and Desrivieres, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Frouin, Vincent and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere and Nees, Frauke and Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos and Paus, Tomas and Poustka, Luise and Smolka, Michael and Froehner, Juliane and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Variance in Dopaminergic Markers},
  series = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {83},
  journal   = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  organization    = {IMAGEN Consortium},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.311},
  pages     = {S118 -- S118},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraplauBlockHaeusleretal.2021,
  author    = {Schraplau, Anne and Block, Andrea and H{\"a}usler, Andreas and Wippert, Pia-Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Bonaventura, Klaus and Mayer, Frank},
  title     = {Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study},
  series = {Pilot and Feasibility Studies},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Pilot and Feasibility Studies},
  publisher = {BioMed Central (Springer Nature)},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2055-5784},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS. Methods In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis. Discussion The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeboldSchadNebeetal.2016,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Schad, Daniel and Nebe, Stephan and Garbusow, Maria and Juenger, Elisabeth and Kroemer, Nils B. and Kathmann, Norbert and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Smolka, Michael N. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas and Huys, Quentin J. M.},
  title     = {Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Effects Rely Less on Model-based Reinforcement Learning},
  series = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {0898-929X},
  doi       = {10.1162/jocn_a_00945},
  pages     = {985 -- 995},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Behavioral choice can be characterized along two axes. One axis distinguishes reflexive, model-free systems that slowly accumulate values through experience and a model-based system that uses knowledge to reason prospectively. The second axis distinguishes Pavlovian valuation of stimuli from instrumental valuation of actions or stimulus-action pairs. This results in four values and many possible interactions between them, with important consequences for accounts of individual variation. We here explored whether individual variation along one axis was related to individual variation along the other. Specifically, we asked whether individuals' balance between model-based and model-free learning was related to their tendency to show Pavlovian interferences with instrumental decisions. In two independent samples with a total of 243 participants, Pavlovian-instrumental transfer effects were negatively correlated with the strength of model-based reasoning in a two-step task. This suggests a potential common underlying substrate predisposing individuals to both have strong Pavlovian interference and be less model-based and provides a framework within which to interpret the observation of both effects in addiction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuschpelLiuSchadetal.2015,
  author    = {Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Liu, Shuyan and Schad, Daniel and Heinzel, Stephan and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Differential effects of wakeful rest, music and video game playing on working memory performance in the n-back task},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01683},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The interruption of learning processes by breaks filled with diverse activities is common in everyday life. We investigated the effects of active computer gaming and passive relaxation (rest and music) breaks on working memory performance. Young adults were exposed to breaks involving (i) eyes-open resting, (ii) listening to music and (iii) playing the video game "Angry Birds" before performing the n-back working memory task. Based on linear mixed-effects modeling, we found that playing the "Angry Birds" video game during a short learning break led to a decline in task performance over the course of the task as compared to eyes-open resting and listening to music, although overall task performance was not impaired. This effect was associated with high levels of daily mind wandering and low self-reported ability to concentrate. These findings indicate that video games can negatively affect working memory performance over time when played in between learning tasks. We suggest further investigation of these effects because of their relevance to everyday activity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AichbergerMontesinosBromandetal.2015,
  author    = {Aichberger, Marion Christina and Montesinos, Amanda Heredia and Bromand, Zohra and Yesil, Rahsan and Temur-Erman, Selver and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas and Schouler-Ocak, Meryam},
  title     = {Suicide attempt rates and intervention effects in women of Turkish origin in Berlin},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.12.003},
  pages     = {480 -- 485},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Ethnic minority groups show elevated suicide attempt rates across Europe. Evidence suggests a similar trend for women of Turkish origin in Germany, yet data on suicidal behaviour in minorities in Germany is scarce. The objective was to examine rates of suicidal behaviour, underlying motives, and to explore the effectiveness of an intervention program. Methods: From 05/2009-09/2011, data on all suicide attempts among women of Turkish origin who presented at a hospital-based emergency unit in Berlin, Germany, were collected. A multi-modal intervention was conducted in 2010 and the effects of age, generation and the intervention on suicide attempt rates were examined. Results: At the start, the highest rate was found in women aged 18-24 years with 225.4 (95\% CI = 208.8-242.0)/100,000. Adjustment disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis with 49.7\% (n = 79), being more common in second-generation women (P = .004). Further analyses suggested an effect of the intervention in the youngest age group (trend change of beta = -1.25; P = .017). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a particularly high rate of suicide attempts by 18-24-year-old, second-generation women of Turkish origin in Berlin. Furthermore, our results suggest a trend change in suicide attempts in women aged 18-24 years related to a population-based intervention program. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{HeinzCharletRapp2015,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Charlet, Katrin and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Public mental health: a call to action},
  series = {World psychiatry},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {World psychiatry},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1723-8617},
  doi       = {10.1002/wps.20182},
  pages     = {49 -- 50},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoerstnerBoettgerMoldavskietal.2023,
  author    = {F{\"o}rstner, Bernd Rainer and B{\"o}ttger, Sarah Jane and Moldavski, Alexander and Bajbouj, Malek and Pfennig, Andrea and Manook, Andre and Ising, Marcus and Pittig, Andre and Heinig, Ingmar and Heinz, Andreas and Mathiak, Klaus and Schulze, Thomas G. and Schneider, Frank and Kamp-Becker, Inge and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Padberg, Frank and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bauer, Michael and Rupprecht, Rainer and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Rapp, Michael A. and Tschorn, Mira},
  title     = {The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders},
  series = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-0640},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP). Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: \& beta; = -0.35; NVS: \& beta; = 0.39; CS: \& beta; = -0.12; SP: \& beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association. Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for. Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenBelangerGarbusowetal.2023,
  author    = {Chen, Hao and Belanger, Matthew J. and Garbusow, Maria and Kuitunen-Paul, Soeren and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A. and Smolka, Michael N.},
  title     = {Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control predisposes risky alcohol use developmental trajectory from ages 18 to 24},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.13263},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Pavlovian cues can influence ongoing instrumental behaviour via Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) processes. While appetitive Pavlovian cues tend to promote instrumental approach, they are detrimental when avoidance behaviour is required, and vice versa for aversive cues. We recently reported that susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control assessed via a PIT task was associated with risky alcohol use at age 18. We now investigated whether such susceptibility also predicts drinking trajectories until age 24, based on AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) consumption and binge drinking (gramme alcohol/drinking occasion) scores. The interference PIT effect, assessed at ages 18 and 21 during fMRI, was characterized by increased error rates (ER) and enhanced neural responses in the ventral striatum (VS), the lateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices (dmPFC) during conflict, that is, when an instrumental approach was required in the presence of an aversive Pavlovian cue or vice versa. We found that a stronger VS response during conflict at age 18 was associated with a higher starting point of both drinking trajectories but predicted a decrease in binge drinking. At age 21, high ER and enhanced neural responses in the dmPFC were associated with increasing AUDIT-C scores over the next 3 years until age 24. Overall, susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control might be viewed as a predisposing mechanism towards hazardous alcohol use during young adulthood, and the identified high-risk group may profit from targeted interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchadJuengerSeboldetal.2014,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel and Juenger, Elisabeth and Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Bernhardt, Nadine and Javadi, Amir-Homayoun and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Smolka, Michael N. and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M.},
  title     = {Processing speed enhances model-based over model-free reinforcement learning in the presence of high working memory functioning},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01450},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine the link to cognitive abilities, and find that individual differences in processing speed covary with a shift from model-free to model-based choice control in the presence of above-average working memory function. This suggests shared cognitive and neural processes; provides a bridge between literatures on intelligence and valuation; and may guide the development of process models of different valuation components. Furthermore, it provides a rationale for individual differences in the tendency to deploy valuation systems, which may be important for understanding the manifold neuropsychiatric diseases associated with malfunctions of valuation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FriedelSeboldKuitunenPauletal.2017,
  author    = {Friedel, Eva and Sebold, Miriam and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Nebe, Stephan and Veer, Ilya M. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Smolka, Michael N. and Rapp, Michael A. and Walter, Henrik and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {How Accumulated Real Life Stress Experience and Cognitive Speed Interact on Decision-Making Processes},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2017.00302},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Rationale: Advances in neurocomputational modeling suggest that valuation systems for goal-directed (deliberative) on one side, and habitual (automatic) decision-making on the other side may rely on distinct computational strategies for reinforcement learning, namely model-free vs. model-based learning. As a key theoretical difference, the model-based system strongly demands cognitive functions to plan actions prospectively based on an internal cognitive model of the environment, whereas valuation in the model-free system relies on rather simple learning rules from operant conditioning to retrospectively associate actions with their outcomes and is thus cognitively less demanding. Acute stress reactivity is known to impair model-based but not model-free choice behavior, with higher working memory capacity protecting the model-based system from acute stress. However, it is not clear which impact accumulated real life stress has on model-free and model-based decision systems and how this influence interacts with cognitive abilities. Methods: We used a sequential decision-making task distinguishing relative contributions of both learning strategies to choice behavior, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale questionnaire to assess accumulated real life stress, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to test cognitive speed in 95 healthy subjects. Results: Individuals reporting high stress exposure who had low cognitive speed showed reduced model-based but increased model-free behavioral control. In contrast, subjects exposed to accumulated real life stress with high cognitive speed displayed increased model-based performance but reduced model-free control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accumulated real life stress exposure can enhance reliance on cognitive speed for model-based computations, which may ultimately protect the model-based system from the detrimental influences of accumulated real life stress. The combination of accumulated real life stress exposure and slower information processing capacities, however, might favor model-free strategies. Thus, the valence and preference of either system strongly depends on stressful experiences and individual cognitive capacities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HaegeleFriedelSchlagenhaufetal.2014,
  author    = {Haegele, Claudia and Friedel, Eva and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Sterzer, Philipp and Beck, Anne and Bermpohl, Felix and Rapp, Michael A. and Stoy, Meline and Stroehle, Andreas and Dolan, Raymond J. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Reward expectation and affective responses across psychiatric disorders - A dimensional approach},
  series = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {75},
  booktitle = {Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  pages     = {91S -- 92S},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HeinzBeckRapp2016,
  author    = {Heinz, Andreas and Beck, Anne and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Alcohol as an Environmental Mortality Hazard},
  series = {JAMA psychiatry},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {JAMA psychiatry},
  publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
  address   = {Chicago},
  issn      = {2168-622X},
  doi       = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0399},
  pages     = {549 -- 550},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GarbusowNebeSommeretal.2019,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Nebe, Stephan and Sommer, Christian and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Sebold, Miriam and Schad, Daniel and Friedel, Eva and Veer, Ilya M. and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Rapp, Michael A. and Ripke, Stephan and Walter, Henrik and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Smolka, Michael N. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm8081188},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FriedelSchlagenhaufBecketal.2015,
  author    = {Friedel, Eva and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Beck, Anne and Dolan, Raymond J. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {The effects of life stress and neural learning signals on fluid intelligence},
  series = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry},
  volume    = {265},
  journal   = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0940-1334},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00406-014-0519-3},
  pages     = {35 -- 43},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuKuschpelSchadetal.2015,
  author    = {Liu, Shuyan and Kuschpel, Maxim S. and Schad, Daniel and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Differential Effects of Music and Video Gaming During Breaks on Auditory and Visual Learning},
  series = {Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Liebert},
  address   = {New Rochelle},
  issn      = {2152-2715},
  doi       = {10.1089/cyber.2015.0140},
  pages     = {647 -- 653},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The interruption of learning processes by breaks filled with diverse activities is common in everyday life. This study investigated the effects of active computer gaming and passive relaxation (rest and music) breaks on auditory versus visual memory performance. Young adults were exposed to breaks involving (a) open eyes resting, (b) listening to music, and (c) playing a video game, immediately after memorizing auditory versus visual stimuli. To assess learning performance, words were recalled directly after the break (an 8:30 minute delay) and were recalled and recognized again after 7 days. Based on linear mixed-effects modeling, it was found that playing the Angry Birds video game during a short learning break impaired long-term retrieval in auditory learning but enhanced long-term retrieval in visual learning compared with the music and rest conditions. These differential effects of video games on visual versus auditory learning suggest specific interference of common break activities on learning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GarbusowSommerNebeetal.2018,
  author    = {Garbusow, Maria and Sommer, Christian and Nebe, Stephan and Sebold, Miriam and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Smolka, Michael N. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Multi-level evidence of general pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in alcohol use disorder},
  series = {Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0145-6008},
  pages     = {128A -- 128A},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SeboldNebeGarbusowetal.2017,
  author    = {Sebold, Miriam and Nebe, Stephan and Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Sommer, Christian and Rapp, Michael A. and Smolka, Michael N. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {Neurobiological correlates of learning and decision-making in alcohol dependence},
  series = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Paris},
  issn      = {0924-9338},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.084},
  pages     = {S11 -- S11},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NebeKroemerSchadetal.2017,
  author    = {Nebe, Stephan and Kroemer, Nils B. and Schad, Daniel and Bernhardt, Nadine and Sebold, Miriam and Mueller, Dirk K. and Scholl, Lucie and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Smolka, Michael N.},
  title     = {No association of goal-directed and habitual control with alcohol consumption in young adults},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.12490},
  pages     = {379 -- 393},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Alcohol dependence is a mental disorder that has been associated with an imbalance in behavioral control favoring model-free habitual over model-based goal-directed strategies. It is as yet unknown, however, whether such an imbalance reflects a predisposing vulnerability or results as a consequence of repeated and/or excessive alcohol exposure. We, therefore, examined the association of alcohol consumption with model-based goal-directed and model-free habitual control in 188 18-year-old social drinkers in a two-step sequential decision-making task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging before prolonged alcohol misuse could have led to severe neurobiological adaptations. Behaviorally, participants showed a mixture of model-free and model-based decision-making as observed previously. Measures of impulsivity were positively related to alcohol consumption. In contrast, neither model-free nor model-based decision weights nor the trade-off between them were associated with alcohol consumption. There were also no significant associations between alcohol consumption and neural correlates of model-free or model-based decision quantities in either ventral striatum or ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Exploratory whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses with a lenient threshold revealed early onset of drinking to be associated with an enhanced representation of model-free reward prediction errors in the posterior putamen. These results suggest that an imbalance between model-based goal-directed and model-free habitual control might rather not be a trait marker of alcohol intake per se.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AwasthiKaminskiRappetal.2019,
  author    = {Awasthi, Swapnil and Kaminski, Jakob and Rapp, Michael A. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Walter, Henrik and Ruggeri, Barbara and Ripke, Stephan and Schumann, Gunter and Heinz, Andreas},
  title     = {A neural signature of malleability},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.08.139},
  pages     = {S858 -- S859},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {General intelligence has a substantial genetic background in children, adolescents, and adults, but environmental factors also strongly correlate with cognitive performance as evidenced by a strong (up to one SD) increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century. This change occurred in a period apparently too short to accommodate radical genetic changes. It is highly suggestive that environmental factors interact with genotype by possible modification of epigenetic factors that regulate gene expression and thus contribute to individual malleability. This modification might as well be reflected in recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TschornSchulzeFoerstneretal.2022,
  author    = {Tschorn, Mira and Schulze, Susanne and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd Rainer and Holmberg, Christine and Spallek, Jacob and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.},
  title     = {Predictors and prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in middle-late to late adulthood in Europe},
  series = {Aging \& mental health},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Aging \& mental health},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1360-7863},
  doi       = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2076208},
  pages     = {1001 -- 1010},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Even low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption can have detrimental health consequences, especially in older adults (OA). Although many studies report an increase in the proportion of drinkers among OA, there are regional variations. Therefore, we examined alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use (HAU) among men and women aged 50+ years in four European regions and investigated predictors of HAU. Methods: We analyzed data of N = 35,042 participants of the European SHARE study. We investigated differences in alcohol consumption (units last week) according to gender, age and EU-region using ANOVAs. Furthermore, logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of income, education, marital status, history of a low-quality parent-child relationship and smoking on HAU, also stratified for gender and EU-region. HAU was operationalized as binge drinking or risky drinking (<12.5 units of 10 ml alcohol/week). Results: Overall, past week alcohol consumption was 5.0 units (+/- 7.8), prevalence of HAU was 25.4\% within our sample of European adults aged 50+ years. Male gender, younger age and living in Western Europe were linked to both higher alcohol consumption and higher risks of HAU. Income, education, smoking, a low-quality parent-child relationship, living in Northern and especially Eastern Europe were positively associated with HAU. Stratified analyses revealed differences by region and gender. Conclusions: HAU was highly prevalent within this European sample of OA. Alcohol consumption and determinants of HAU differed between EU-regions, hinting to a necessity of risk-stratified population-level strategies to prevent HAU and subsequent alcohol use disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}