@misc{TracyHeideWahletal.2009,
  author    = {Tracy, Rosemarie and Heide, Judith and Wahl, Michael and Triarchi-Herrmann, Vassilia and Grimm, Angela and Wotschack, Christiane and Kulik, Sylvia and Frank, Ulrike and Klassert, Annegret and Gagarina, Natalʹja Vladimirovna and Kauschke, Christina and Eicher, Iris and Tsakmaki, Barbara and Akkaya, Zeynep and Castillo, Esmeralda and Groba, Agnes and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Miertsch, Barbara and Hubert, Anja and Sauerland, Uli and Schr{\"o}der, Caroline and Stadie, Nicole and Wittler, Marion and Berendes, Karin and Gottal, Stephanie and Grabherr, Britta and Zaps, Jennifer and Ptok, Martin and Hanne, Sandra and Sekerina, Irina A. and Vasishth, Shravan and Burchert, Frank and De Bleser, Ria and Kleissendorf, Barbara and Jaecks, Petra and Stenneken, Prisca and Fischer, Ivette and Moedebeck, Petra},
  title     = {Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: Ein Kopf - Zwei Sprachen : Mehrsprachigkeit in Forschung und Therapie},
  number    = {2},
  editor    = {Heide, Judith and Hanne, Sandra and Brandt-Kobele, Oda-Christina and Fritzsche, Tom},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  organization    = {Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl)},
  isbn      = {978-3-940793-89-8},
  issn      = {1869-3822},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-3086},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30451},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {"Spektrum Patholinguistik" (Band 2) ist der Tagungsband zum 2. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik, das der Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik (vpl) e.V. am 22.11.2008 an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam veranstaltet hat. Zum Schwerpunktthema "Ein Kopf - Zwei Sprachen: Mehrsprachigkeit in Forschung und Therapie" sind die drei Hauptvortr{\"a}ge und vier Abstracts von Posterpr{\"a}sentationen ver{\"o}ffentlicht. Desweiteren enth{\"a}lt der Tagungsband freie Beitr{\"a}ge, u.a. zu Satzverarbeitung und Agrammatismus, Lesestrategien und LRS, Prosodie-Entwicklung, kindlichen Aphasien, Dysphagie-Therapie sowie zu kognitiven Defiziten bei {\"a}lteren Menschen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GarciaDeryRoeseretal.2018,
  author    = {Garcia, Rowena and Dery, Jeruen E. and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and children},
  series = {First language},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {First language},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0142-7237},
  doi       = {10.1177/0142723718790317},
  pages     = {617 -- 640},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This article investigates the word order preferences of Tagalog-speaking adults and five- and seven-year-old children. The participants were asked to complete sentences to describe pictures depicting actions between two animate entities. Adults preferred agent-initial constructions in the patient voice but not in the agent voice, while the children produced mainly agent-initial constructions regardless of voice. This agent-initial preference, despite the lack of a close link between the agent and the subject in Tagalog, shows that this word order preference is not merely syntactically-driven (subject-initial preference). Additionally, the children's agent-initial preference in the agent voice, contrary to the adults' lack of preference, shows that children do not respect the subject-last principle of ordering Tagalog full noun phrases. These results suggest that language-specific optional features like a subject-last principle take longer to be acquired.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BollAvetisyanBhataraHoehle2020,
  author    = {Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie and Bhatara, Anjali and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Processing of rhythm in speech and music in adult dyslexia},
  series = {Brain Sciences},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Brain Sciences},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2076-3425},
  doi       = {10.3390/brainsci10050261},
  pages     = {26},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Recent studies have suggested that musical rhythm perception ability can affect the phonological system. The most prevalent causal account for developmental dyslexia is the phonological deficit hypothesis. As rhythm is a subpart of phonology, we hypothesized that reading deficits in dyslexia are associated with rhythm processing in speech and in music. In a rhythmic grouping task, adults with diagnosed dyslexia and age-matched controls listened to speech streams with syllables alternating in intensity, duration, or neither, and indicated whether they perceived a strong-weak or weak-strong rhythm pattern. Additionally, their reading and musical rhythm abilities were measured. Results showed that adults with dyslexia had lower musical rhythm abilities than adults without dyslexia. Moreover, lower musical rhythm ability was associated with lower reading ability in dyslexia. However, speech grouping by adults with dyslexia was not impaired when musical rhythm perception ability was controlled: like adults without dyslexia, they showed consistent preferences. However, rhythmic grouping was predicted by musical rhythm perception ability, irrespective of dyslexia. The results suggest associations among musical rhythm perception ability, speech rhythm perception, and reading ability. This highlights the importance of considering individual variability to better understand dyslexia and raises the possibility that musical rhythm perception ability is a key to phonological and reading acquisition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FernandezHoehleBrocketal.2018,
  author    = {Fernandez, Leigh and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Brock, Jon and Nickels, Lyndsey},
  title     = {Investigating auditory processing of syntactic gaps with L2 speakers using pupillometry},
  series = {Second language research},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Second language research},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0267-6583},
  doi       = {10.1177/0267658317722386},
  pages     = {201 -- 227},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {According to the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH), second language (L2) speakers, unlike native speakers, build shallow syntactic representations during sentence processing. In order to test the SSH, this study investigated the processing of a syntactic movement in both native speakers of English and proficient late L2 speakers of English using pupillometry to measure processing cost. Of particular interest were constructions where movement resulted in an intermediate gap between clauses. Pupil diameter was recorded during auditory presentation of complex syntactic constructions. Two factors were manipulated: syntactic movement (such that some conditions contained movement while others did not), as well as syntactic movement type (either causing an intermediate gap or not). Grammaticality judgments revealed no differences between the two groups, suggesting both were capable of comprehending these constructions. Pupil change slope measurements revealed a potential sensitivity to intermediate gaps for only native speakers, however, both native and late L2 speakers showed similar facilitation during processing of the second gap site. Acoustic analysis revealed potential acoustic cues that may have facilitated the processing of these constructions. This suggests that, contrary to the predictions of the SSH, late L2 speakers are capable of constructing rich syntactic representations during the processing of intermediate gap constructions in spoken language.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenHoehle2018,
  author    = {Chen, Aoju and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Four- to five-year-old' use of word order and prosody in focus marking in Dutch},
  series = {Linguistics Vanguard},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Linguistics Vanguard},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2199-174X},
  doi       = {10.1515/lingvan-2016-0101},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This study investigated Dutch-speaking four- to five-year-olds' use of word order and prosody in distinguishing focus types (broad focus, narrow focus, and contrastive narrow focus) via an interactive answer-reconstruction game. We have found an overall preference for the unmarked word order SVO and no evidence for the use of OVS to distinguish focus types. But the children used pitch and duration in the subject-nouns to distinguish focus types in SVO sentences. These findings show that Dutch-speaking four- to five-year-olds differ from their German- and Finnish-speaking peers, who show evidence of varying choice of word order to mark specific focus types, and use prosody to distinguish focus types in subject and object nouns in both SVO and OVS sentences. These comparisons suggest that typological differences in the relative importance between word order and prosody can lead to differences in children's use of word order and prosody in unmarked and marked word orders. A more equal role of word order and prosody in the ambient language can stimulate more extensive use of prosody in the marked word order, whereas a more limited role of word order can restrict the use of prosody in the unmarked word order.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SauermannHoehle2018,
  author    = {Sauermann, Antje and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Word order in German child language and child-directed speech},
  series = {Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press LTD},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2397-1835},
  doi       = {10.5334/gjgl.281},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehleBergerSauermann2016,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Berger, Frauke and Sauermann, Antje},
  title     = {Information structure in first language acquisition},
  series = {The Oxford handbook of information structure},
  journal   = {The Oxford handbook of information structure},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  isbn      = {978-0-19-964267-0},
  pages     = {562 -- 580},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OmaneHoehle2020,
  author    = {Omane, Paul Okyere and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Acquiring syntactic variability},
  series = {Frontiers in communication},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {Frontiers in communication},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2297-900X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomm.2021.604951},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This paper investigates the predictions of the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis by studying the acquisition of wh-questions in 4- and 5-year-old Akan-speaking children in an experimental approach using an elicited production and an elicited imitation task. Akan has two types of wh-question structures (wh-in-situ and wh-ex-situ questions), which allows an investigation of children's acquisition of these two question structures and their preferences for one or the other. Our results show that adults prefer to use wh-ex-situ questions over wh-in-situ questions. The results from the children show that both age groups have the two question structures in their linguistic repertoire. However, they differ in their preferences in usage in the elicited production task: while the 5-year-olds preferred the wh-in-situ structure over the wh-ex-situ structure, the 4-year-olds showed a selective preference for the wh-in-situ structure in who-questions. These findings suggest a developmental change in wh-question preferences in Akan-learning children between 4 and 5 years of age with a so far unobserved u-shaped developmental pattern. In the elicited imitation task, all groups showed a strong tendency to maintain the structure of in-situ and ex-situ questions in repeating grammatical questions. When repairing ungrammatical ex-situ questions, structural changes to grammatical in-situ questions were hardly observed but the insertion of missing morphemes while keeping the ex-situ structure. Together, our findings provide only partial support for the Derivational Complexity Hypothesis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrasotkinaGoetzHoehleetal.2021,
  author    = {Krasotkina, Anna and G{\"o}tz, Antonia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schwarzer, Gudrun},
  title     = {Perceptual narrowing in face- and speech-perception domains in infancy},
  series = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0163-6383},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101607},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {During the first year of life, infants undergo a process known as perceptual narrowing, which reduces their sensitivity to classes of stimuli which the infants do not encounter in their environment. It has been proposed that perceptual narrowing for faces and speech may be driven by shared domain-general processes. To investigate this theory, our study longitudinally tested 50 German Caucasian infants with respect to these domains first at 6 months of age followed by a second testing at 9 months of age. We used an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm to test the infants' ability to discriminate among other-race Asian faces and non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well as same-race Caucasian faces as a control. We found that while at 6 months of age infants could discriminate among all stimuli, by 9 months of age they could no longer discriminate among other-race faces or non-native tones. However, infants could discriminate among same-race stimuli both at 6 and at 9 months of age. These results demonstrate that the same infants undergo perceptual narrowing for both other-race faces and non-native speech tones between the ages of 6 and 9 months. This parallel development of perceptual narrowing occurring in both the face and speech perception modalities over the same period of time lends support to the domain-general theory of perceptual narrowing in face and speech perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WatermeyerHoehleKauschke2011,
  author    = {Watermeyer, Melanie and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Kauschke, Christina},
  title     = {Ausagieren von S{\"a}tzen versus Satz-Bild-Zuordnung},
  series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  journal   = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1869-3822},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-54374},
  pages     = {237 -- 246},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WatermeyerHoehleKauschke2011,
  author    = {Watermeyer, Melanie and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Kauschke, Christina},
  title     = {Ausagieren von S{\"a}tzen versus Satz-Bild-Zuordnung: Vergleich zweier Methoden zur Untersuchung des Sprachverst{\"a}ndnisses anhand von semantisch reversiblen S{\"a}tzen mit Objektvoranstellung bei drei- und f{\"u}nfj{\"a}hrigen Kindern},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchmitzHoehle2007,
  author    = {Schmitz, M. and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Habituierung und Dishabituierung als Maße der perzeptuellen und kognitiven Entwicklung : Methoden und Anwendungsbereiche},
  isbn      = {978-3-8017-1898-5},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BergerMuellerHoehleetal.2007,
  author    = {Berger, Frauke and M{\"u}ller, Anja and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {German 4-year-olds comprehension of sentences containing the focus particle "auch" (also) : evidence from eye- tracking},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeroldHoehleWalchetal.2008,
  author    = {Herold, Birgit and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Walch, Elisabeth and Weber, Tanja and Obladen, Michael},
  title     = {Impaired word stress pattern discrimination in very-low-birthweight infants during the first 6 months of life},
  issn      = {0012-1622},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03055.x},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehlevandeVijverWeisenborn2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weisenborn, J.},
  title     = {Word processing at 19 months at its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttvandeVijverHoehle2006,
  author    = {Ott, Susan and van de Vijver, Ruben and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : Evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PelzerHoehle2006,
  author    = {Pelzer, Lydia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Processing of morphological markers as a cue to syntactic phrases by 10-month-olds German-learning infants},
  isbn      = {1847180280},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmitzHoehleMuelleretal.2006,
  author    = {Schmitz, Michaela and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-Learning Infants from 4 to 14 Months},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerHoehleSchmitzetal.2006,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, A. and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, M. and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Focus-to-stress alignment in 4- to 5-year-old German-learning children},
  isbn      = {1847180280},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehleSchmitzSantelmannetal.2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, M. and Santelmann, L. M. and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on childrens early processing capacities},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehlevandeVijverBartelsetal.2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Bartels, Sonja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Phonological specificity of early lexical representations in German 19-month-olds at risk for SLI},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PelzerHoehle2006,
  author    = {Pelzer, Lydia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {The impact of morphological markers on infants' and adults' speech processing},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hoehle2004,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Sprachwahrnehmung und Spracherwerb im ersten Lebensjahr},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Hoehle2005,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Der Einstieg in die Grammatik : Spracherwerb w{\"a}hrend des ersten Lebensjahres},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoehleKieferSchulzetal.2004,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Kiefer, D. and Schulz, A. and Weissenborn, E. and Schmitz, M.},
  title     = {Functional elements in infants' speech processing : the role of determiners in syntactic categorization of lexical elements},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head-turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12- to 13-month-olds cannot do this, 14- to 16- month-olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child- directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co-occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable Cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word-to-world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hoehle2004,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Sprachwahrnehmung und Spracherwerb im ersten Lebensjahr},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{NubelKruckHoehleetal.2003,
  author    = {Nubel, K. and Kruck, S. and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Suhl, U. and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen and Gross, M.},
  title     = {Interaktion behavioraler und elektrophysiologischer Ergebnisse zur Phonemdiskrimination bei S{\"a}uglingen},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlennSeidlHoehle2003,
  author    = {Blenn, Lydia and Seidl, Amanda and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Recognition of phrases in early language acquision : the role of morphological markers},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoehleWeissenborn2003,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {German-learning infants' ability to detect unstressed closed-class elements in continuous speech},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Hoehle2005,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Der Einstieg in die Grammatik : Spracherwerb w{\"a}hrend des ersten Lebensjahres},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16276},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Die j{\"u}ngere Forschung zum Spracherwerb hat gezeigt, dass sich schon in den ersten {\"A}ußerungen von Kindern bestimmte Strukturmerkmale der Sprache, die die Kinder lernen, zeigen, d.h., es gibt Bereiche, in denen im normalen Erwerb praktisch keine Fehler zu beobachten sind. Dies l{\"a}sst den Schluss zu, dass die Kinder entsprechendes Wissen {\"u}ber die Zielsprache bereits erwerben, bevor sie entsprechende {\"A}ußerungen produzieren. Diese fr{\"u}hen Erwerbsschritte k{\"o}nnen in erster Linie {\"u}ber die Untersuchung der Sprachwahrnehmung untersucht werden. Solche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Kinder schon sehr fr{\"u}h gerade f{\"u}r prosodische Eigenschaften der Sprache sensitiv sind und dass sie diese Sensitivit{\"a}t unter anderem f{\"u}r die Erkennung von Wortgrenzen einsetzen. Die fr{\"u}hen F{\"a}higkeiten zur Sprachwahrnehmung und -verarbeitung stehen offenbar in einem direkten Zusammenhang zur sp{\"a}teren lexikalischen und syntaktischen Entwicklung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{HoehleWeissenbornKieferetal.2004,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen and Kiefer, Dorothea and Schulz, Antje and Schmitz, Michaela},
  title     = {Functional elements in infants' speech processing : the role of determiners in the syntactic categorization of lexical elements},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16285},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head-turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12- to 13-month-olds cannot do this, 14- to 16-month-olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child-directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co-occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word-to-world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HoehleSchmitzMuelleretal.2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on children's early processing capacities},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16297},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Recent work has shown that English-learning 18-month-olds can detect the relationship between discontinuous morphemes such as is and -ing in Grandma is always running (Gomez, 2002; Santelmann \& Jusczyk, 1998) but only at a maximum of 3 intervening syllables. In this article we examine the tracking of discontinuous dependencies in children acquiring German. Due to freer word order, German allows for greater distances between dependent elements and a greater syntactic variety of the intervening elements than English does. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors other than distance may influence the child's capacity to recognize discontinuous elements. Our findings provide evidence that children's recognition capacities are affected not only by distance but also by their ability to linguistically analyze the material intervening between the dependent elements. We speculate that this result supports the existence of processing mechanisms that reduce a discontinuous relation to a local one based on subcategorization relations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HoehlevandeVijverWeissenborn2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Word processing at 19 months and its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16302},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Recent research has shown that the early lexical representations children establish in their second year of life already seem to be phonologically detailed enough to allow differentiation from very similar forms. In contrast to these findings children with specific language impairment show problems in discriminating phonologically similar word forms up to school age. In our study we investigated the question whether there would be differences in the processing of phonological details in normally developing and in children with low language performance in the second year of life. This was done by a retrospective study in which in the processing of phonological details was tested by a preferential looking experiment when the children were 19 months old. At the age of 30 months children were tested with a standardized German test of language comprehension and production (SETK2). The preferential looking data at 19 months revealed an opposite reaction pattern for the two groups: while the children scoring normally in the SETK2 increase their fixations of a pictured object only when it was named with the correct word, children with later low language performance did so only when presented with a phonologically slightly deviant mispronunciation. We suggest that this pattern does not point to a specific deficit in processing phonological information in these children but might be related to an instability of early phonological representations, and/or a generalized problem of information processing as compared to typically developing children.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{OttvandeVijverHoehle2006,
  author    = {Ott, Susan and van de Vijver, Ruben and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16316},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this study the effect of phonotactic constraints concerning word-initial consonant clusters in children with delayed phonological acquisition was explored. Twelve German-speaking children took part (mean age 5;1). The spontaneous speech of all children was characterized by the regular appearance of the error patterns fronting, e.g., Kuh (cow) → /tu:/, or stopping, e.g., Schaf (sheep) → /ta:f/, which were inappropriate for their chronological age. The children were asked to produce words (picture naming task, word repetition task) with initial consonant clusters, in which the application of the error patterns would violate phonotactic sequence constraints. For instance, if fronting would apply in /kl-/, e.g., Kleid (dress), it would be realized as the phontactically illegal consonant cluster /tl-/. The results indicate that phonotactic constraints affect word production in children with delayed phonological developments. Surprisingly, we found that children with fronting produced the critical consonants correctly significantly more often in word-initial consonant clusters than in words in which they appeared as singleton onsets. In addition, the results provide evidence for a similar developmental trajectory of acquisition in children with typical development and in children with delayed phonological acquisition. Keywords: Children with delayed phonological acquisition, phonotactic constraints, word-initial consonant clusters, fronting, stopping.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KrasotkinaGoetzHoehleetal.2018,
  author    = {Krasotkina, Anna and G{\"o}tz, Antonia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schwarzer, Gudrun},
  title     = {Perceptual narrowing in speech and face recognition},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {639},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-45918},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459180},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {During the first year of life, infants undergo perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. This is typically characterized by improvements in infants' abilities in discriminating among stimuli of familiar types, such as native speech tones and same-race faces. Simultaneously, infants begin to decline in their ability to discriminate among stimuli of types with which they have little experience, such as nonnative tones and other-race faces. The similarity in time-frames during which perceptual narrowing seems to occur in the domains of speech and face perception has led some researchers to hypothesize that the perceptual narrowing in these domains could be driven by shared domain-general processes. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 53 Caucasian 9-month-old infants from monolingual German households on their ability to discriminate among non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well among same-race German faces and other-race Chinese faces. We tested the infants using an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm, with infants' preferences for looking at novel stimuli versus the habituated stimuli (dishabituation scores) acting as indicators of discrimination ability. As expected for their age, infants were able to discriminate between same-race faces, but not between other-race faces or non-native speech tones. Most interestingly, we found that infants' dishabituation scores for the non-native speech tones and other-race faces showed significant positive correlations, while the dishabituation scores for non-native speech tones and same-race faces did not. These results therefore support the hypothesis that shared domain-general mechanisms may drive perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GarciaRoeserHoehle2019,
  author    = {Garcia, Rowena and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Children's online use of word order and morphosyntactic markers in Tagalog thematic role assignment},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {673},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46967},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469678},
  pages     = {533 -- 555},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {We investigated whether Tagalog-speaking children incrementally interpret the first noun as the agent, even if verbal and nominal markers for assigning thematic roles are given early in Tagalog sentences. We asked five- and seven-year-old children and adult controls to select which of two pictures of reversible actions matched the sentence they heard, while their looks to the pictures were tracked. Accuracy and eye-tracking data showed that agent-initial sentences were easier to comprehend than patient-initial sentences, but the effect of word order was modulated by voice. Moreover, our eye-tracking data provided evidence that, by the first noun phrase, seven-year-old children looked more to the target in the agent-initial compared to the patient-initial conditions, but this word order advantage was no longer observed by the second noun phrase. The findings support language processing and acquisition models which emphasize the role of frequency in developing heuristic strategies (e.g., Chang, Dell, \& Bock, 2006).},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BollAvetisyanBhataraHoehle2020,
  author    = {Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie and Bhatara, Anjali and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Processing of rhythm in speech and music in adult dyslexia},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {630},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46978},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469781},
  pages     = {28},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Recent studies have suggested that musical rhythm perception ability can affect the phonological system. The most prevalent causal account for developmental dyslexia is the phonological deficit hypothesis. As rhythm is a subpart of phonology, we hypothesized that reading deficits in dyslexia are associated with rhythm processing in speech and in music. In a rhythmic grouping task, adults with diagnosed dyslexia and age-matched controls listened to speech streams with syllables alternating in intensity, duration, or neither, and indicated whether they perceived a strong-weak or weak-strong rhythm pattern. Additionally, their reading and musical rhythm abilities were measured. Results showed that adults with dyslexia had lower musical rhythm abilities than adults without dyslexia. Moreover, lower musical rhythm ability was associated with lower reading ability in dyslexia. However, speech grouping by adults with dyslexia was not impaired when musical rhythm perception ability was controlled: like adults without dyslexia, they showed consistent preferences. However, rhythmic grouping was predicted by musical rhythm perception ability, irrespective of dyslexia. The results suggest associations among musical rhythm perception ability, speech rhythm perception, and reading ability. This highlights the importance of considering individual variability to better understand dyslexia and raises the possibility that musical rhythm perception ability is a key to phonological and reading acquisition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SauermannHoehle2018,
  author    = {Sauermann, Antje and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Word order in German child language and child-directed speech},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {687},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47017},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470174},
  pages     = {34},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We report two corpus analyses to examine the impact of animacy, definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression on the ordering of double objects in the spontaneous speech of German-speaking two- to four-year-old children and the child-directed speech of their mothers. The first corpus analysis revealed that definiteness, givenness and type of referring expression influenced word order variation in child language and child-directed speech when the type of referring expression distinguished between pronouns and lexical noun phrases. These results correspond to previous child language studies in English (e.g., de Marneffe et al. 2012). Extending the scope of previous studies, our second corpus analysis examined the role of different pronoun types on word order. It revealed that word order in child language and child-directed speech was predictable from the types of pronouns used. Different types of pronouns were associated with different sentence positions but also showed a strong correlation to givenness and definiteness. Yet, the distinction between pronoun types diminished the effects of givenness so that givenness had an independent impact on word order only in child-directed speech but not in child language. Our results support a multi-factorial approach to word order in German. Moreover, they underline the strong impact of the type of referring expression on word order and suggest that it plays a crucial role in the acquisition of the factors influencing word order variation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetzYeungKrasotkinaetal.2018,
  author    = {G{\"o}tz, Antonia and Yeung, H. Henny and Krasotkina, Anna and Schwarzer, Gudrun and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Perceptual Reorganization of Lexical Tones},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00477},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Findings on the perceptual reorganization of lexical tones are mixed. Some studies report good tone discrimination abilities for all tested age groups, others report decreased or enhanced discrimination with increasing age, and still others report U-shaped developmental curves. Since prior studies have used a wide range of contrasts and experimental procedures, it is unclear how specific task requirements interact with discrimination abilities at different ages. In the present work, we tested German and Cantonese adults on their discrimination of Cantonese lexical tones, as well as German-learning infants between 6 and 18 months of age on their discrimination of two specific Cantonese tones using two different types of experimental procedures. The adult experiment showed that German native speakers can discriminate between lexical tones, but native Cantonese speakers show significantly better performance. The results from German-learning infants suggest that 6- and 18-month-olds discriminate tones, while 9-month-olds do not, supporting a U-shaped developmental curve. Furthermore, our results revealed an effect of methodology, with good discrimination performance at 6 months after habituation but not after familiarization. These results support three main conclusions. First, habituation can be a more sensitive procedure for measuring infants' discrimination than familiarization. Second, the previous finding of a U-shaped curve in the discrimination of lexical tones is further supported. Third, discrimination abilities at 18 months appear to reflect mature perceptual sensitivity to lexical tones, since German adults also discriminated the lexical tones with high accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrasotkinaGoetzHoehleetal.2018,
  author    = {Krasotkina, Anna and G{\"o}tz, Antonia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schwarzer, Gudrun},
  title     = {Perceptual narrowing in speech and face recognition},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01711},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {During the first year of life, infants undergo perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception. This is typically characterized by improvements in infants' abilities in discriminating among stimuli of familiar types, such as native speech tones and same-race faces. Simultaneously, infants begin to decline in their ability to discriminate among stimuli of types with which they have little experience, such as nonnative tones and other-race faces. The similarity in time-frames during which perceptual narrowing seems to occur in the domains of speech and face perception has led some researchers to hypothesize that the perceptual narrowing in these domains could be driven by shared domain-general processes. To explore this hypothesis, we tested 53 Caucasian 9-month-old infants from monolingual German households on their ability to discriminate among non-native Cantonese speech tones, as well among same-race German faces and other-race Chinese faces. We tested the infants using an infant-controlled habituation-dishabituation paradigm, with infants' preferences for looking at novel stimuli versus the habituated stimuli (dishabituation scores) acting as indicators of discrimination ability. As expected for their age, infants were able to discriminate between same-race faces, but not between other-race faces or non-native speech tones. Most interestingly, we found that infants' dishabituation scores for the non-native speech tones and other-race faces showed significant positive correlations, while the dishabituation scores for non-native speech tones and same-race faces did not. These results therefore support the hypothesis that shared domain-general mechanisms may drive perceptual narrowing in the domains of speech and face perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RenHoehle2022,
  author    = {Ren, Jie and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {The interplay between language acquisition and cognitive development},
  series = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0163-6383},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101718},
  pages     = {3},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KrasotkinaGoetzHoehleetal.2020,
  author    = {Krasotkina, Anna and G{\"o}tz, Antonia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schwarzer, Gudrun},
  title     = {Infants' gaze patterns for same-race and other-race faces, and the other-race effect},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {686},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47161},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471615},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The other-race effect (ORE) can be described as difficulties in discriminating between faces of ethnicities other than one's own, and can already be observed at approximately 9 months of age. Recent studies also showed that infants visually explore same-and other-race faces differently. However, it is still unclear whether infants' looking behavior for same- and other-race faces is related to their face discrimination abilities. To investigate this question we conducted a habituation-dishabituation experiment to examine Caucasian 9-month-old infants' gaze behavior, and their discrimination of same- and other-race faces, using eye-tracking measurements. We found that infants looked longer at the eyes of same-race faces over the course of habituation, as compared to other-race faces. After habituation, infants demonstrated a clear other-race effect by successfully discriminating between same-race faces, but not other-race faces. Importantly, the infants' ability to discriminate between same-race faces significantly correlated with their fixation time towards the eyes of same-race faces during habituation. Thus, our findings suggest that for infants old enough to begin exhibiting the ORE, gaze behavior during habituation is related to their ability to differentiate among same-race faces, compared to other-race faces.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GoetzYeungKrasotkinaetal.2018,
  author    = {G{\"o}tz, Antonia and Yeung, H. Henny and Krasotkina, Anna and Schwarzer, Gudrun and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Perceptual Reorganization of Lexical Tones},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {433},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411759},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Findings on the perceptual reorganization of lexical tones are mixed. Some studies report good tone discrimination abilities for all tested age groups, others report decreased or enhanced discrimination with increasing age, and still others report U-shaped developmental curves. Since prior studies have used a wide range of contrasts and experimental procedures, it is unclear how specific task requirements interact with discrimination abilities at different ages. In the present work, we tested German and Cantonese adults on their discrimination of Cantonese lexical tones, as well as German-learning infants between 6 and 18 months of age on their discrimination of two specific Cantonese tones using two different types of experimental procedures. The adult experiment showed that German native speakers can discriminate between lexical tones, but native Cantonese speakers show significantly better performance. The results from German-learning infants suggest that 6- and 18-month-olds discriminate tones, while 9-month-olds do not, supporting a U-shaped developmental curve. Furthermore, our results revealed an effect of methodology, with good discrimination performance at 6 months after habituation but not after familiarization. These results support three main conclusions. First, habituation can be a more sensitive procedure for measuring infants' discrimination than familiarization. Second, the previous finding of a U-shaped curve in the discrimination of lexical tones is further supported. Third, discrimination abilities at 18 months appear to reflect mature perceptual sensitivity to lexical tones, since German adults also discriminated the lexical tones with high accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LangusHoehle2021,
  author    = {Langus, Alan and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Object individuation and labelling in 6-month-old infants},
  series = {Infant behavior \& development},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {Infant behavior \& development},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0163-6383},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101627},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The ability to determine how many objects are involved in physical events is fundamental for reasoning about the world that surrounds us. Previous studies suggest that infants can fail to individuate objects in ambiguous occlusion events until their first birthday and that learning words for the objects may play a crucial role in the development of this ability. The present eye-tracking study tested whether the classical object individuation experiments underestimate young infants' ability to individuate objects and the role word learning plays in this process. Three groups of 6-month-old infants (N = 72) saw two opaque boxes side by side on the eye-tracker screen so that the content of the boxes was not visible. During a familiarization phase, two visually identical objects emerged sequentially from one box and two visually different objects from the other box. For one group of infants the familiarization was silent (Visual Only condition). For a second group of infants the objects were accompanied with nonsense words so that objects' shape and linguistic labels indicated the same number of objects in the two boxes (Visual \& Language condition). For the third group of infants, objects' shape and linguistic labels were in conflict (Visual vs. Language condition). Following the familiarization, it was revealed that both boxes contained the same number of objects (e.g. one or two). In the Visual Only condition, infants looked longer to the box with incorrect number of objects at test, showing that they could individuate objects using visual cues alone. In the Visual \& Language condition infants showed the same looking pattern. However, in the Visual vs Language condition infants looked longer to the box with incorrect number of objects according to linguistic labels. The results show that infants can individuate objects in a complex object individuation paradigm considerably earlier than previously thought and that linguistic cues enforce their own preference in object individuation. The results are consistent with the idea that when language and visual information are in conflict, language can exert an influence on how young infants reason about the visual world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GarciaRoeserHoehle2019,
  author    = {Garc{\´i}a, Rowena and Roeser, Jens and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog},
  series = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Language acquisition : a journal of developmental linguistics},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1048-9223},
  doi       = {10.1080/10489223.2018.1525613},
  pages     = {235 -- 261},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech, which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7-year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children's accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BollAvetisyanBhataraHoehle2017,
  author    = {Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie and Bhatara, Anjali and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Effects of musicality on the perception of rhythmic structure in speech},
  series = {Laboratory phonology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Laboratory phonology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1868-6346},
  doi       = {10.5334/labphon.91},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Language and music share many rhythmic properties, such as variations in intensity and duration leading to repeating patterns. Perception of rhythmic properties may rely on cognitive networks that are shared between the two domains. If so, then variability in speech rhythm perception may relate to individual differences in musicality. To examine this possibility, the present study focuses on rhythmic grouping, which is assumed to be guided by a domain-general principle, the Iambic/Trochaic law, stating that sounds alternating in intensity are grouped as strong-weak, and sounds alternating in duration are grouped as weak-strong. German listeners completed a grouping task: They heard streams of syllables alternating in intensity, duration, or neither, and had to indicate whether they perceived a strong-weak or weak-strong pattern. Moreover, their music perception abilities were measured, and they filled out a questionnaire reporting their productive musical experience. Results showed that better musical rhythm perception - ability was associated with more consistent rhythmic grouping of speech, while melody perception - ability and productive musical experience were not. This suggests shared cognitive procedures in the perception of rhythm in music and speech. Also, the results highlight the relevance of - considering individual differences in musicality when aiming to explain variability in prosody perception.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SzendroiBernardBergeretal.2017,
  author    = {Szendroi, Kriszta and Bernard, Carline and Berger, Frauke and Gervain, Judit and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Acquisition of prosodic focus marking by English, French, and German three-, four-, five- and six-year-olds},
  series = {Journal of child language},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of child language},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0305-0009},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0305000917000071},
  pages     = {219 -- 241},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Previous research on young children's knowledge of prosodic focus marking has revealed an apparent paradox, with comprehension appearing to lag behind production. Comprehension of prosodic focus is difficult to study experimentally due to its subtle and ambiguous contribution to pragmatic meaning. We designed a novel comprehension task, which revealed that three- to six-year-old children show adult-like comprehension of the prosodic marking of subject and object focus. Our findings thus support the view that production does not precede comprehension in the acquisition of focus. We tested participants speaking English, German, and French. All three languages allow prosodic subject and object focus marking, but use additional syntactic marking to varying degrees (English: dispreferred; German: possible; French preferred). French participants produced fewer subject marked responses than English participants. We found no other cross-linguistic differences. Participants interpreted prosodic focus marking similarly and in an adult-like fashion in all three languages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SzendrőiSchumacherFritzscheetal.2017,
  author    = {Szendrői, Kriszta and Schumacher, Rebecca and Fritzsche, Tom and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Acquisition of quantifier raising of a universal across an existential},
  series = {Glossa : a journal of general linguistics},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Glossa : a journal of general linguistics},
  publisher = {Open Library of Humanities},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2397-1835},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Our paper reports an act out task with German 5- and 6-year olds and adults involving doubly-quantified sentences with a universal object and an existential subject. We found that 5- and 6-year olds allow inverse scope in such sentences, while adults do not. Our findings contribute to a growing body of research (e.g. Gualmini et al. 2008; Musolino 2009, etc.) showing that children are more flexible in their scopal considerations than initially proposed by the Isomorphism proposal (Lidz \& Musolino 2002; Musolino \& Lidz 2006). This result provides support for a theory of German, a "no quantifier raising"-language, in terms of soft violable constraints, or global economy terms (Bobaljik \& Wurmbrand 2012), rather than in terms of hard inviolable constraints or rules (Frey 1993). Finally, the results are compatible with Reinhart's (2004) hypothesis that children do not perform global interface economy considerations due to the increased processing associated with it.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChenSzendroiCrainetal.2018,
  author    = {Chen, Hui-Ching and Szendroi, Krizsta and Crain, Stephen and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Understanding Prosodic Focus Marking in Mandarin Chinese},
  series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0090-6905},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10936-018-9580-9},
  pages     = {19 -- 32},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This study investigated whether Mandarin speakers interpret prosodic information as focus markers in a sentence-picture verification task. Previous production studies have shown that both Mandarin-speaking adults and Mandarin-speaking children mark focus by prosodic information (Ouyang and Kaiser in Lang Cogn Neurosc 30(1-2):57-72, 2014; Yang and Chen in Prosodic focus marking in Chinese four-and eight-year-olds, 2014). However, while prosodic focus marking did not seem to affect sentence comprehension in adults Mandarin-speaking children showed enhanced sentence comprehension when the sentence focus was marked by prosodic information in a previous study (Chen in Appl Psycholinguist 19(4):553-582, 1998). The present study revisited this difference between Mandarin speaking adults and children by applying a newly designed task that tested the use of prosodic information to identify the sentence focus. No evidence was obtained that Mandarin-speaking children (as young as 3years of age) adhered more strongly to prosodic information than adults but that word order was the strongest cue for their focus interpretation. Our findings support the view that children attune to the specific means of information structure marking in their ambient language at an early age.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MarimonTarterHoehleLangus2022,
  author    = {Marimon Tarter, Mireia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Langus, Alan},
  title     = {Pupillary entrainment reveals individual differences in cue weighting in 9-month-old German-learning infants},
  series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
  volume    = {224},
  journal   = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0010-0277},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105054},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Young infants can segment continuous speech with statistical as well as prosodic cues. Understanding how these cues interact can be informative about how infants solve the segmentation problem. Here we investigate how German-speaking adults and 9-month-old German-learning infants weigh statistical and prosodic cues when segmenting continuous speech. We measured participants' pupil size while they were familiarized with a continuous speech stream where prosodic cues were pitted off against transitional probabilities. Adult participants' changes in pupil size synchronized with the occurrence of prosodic words during the familiarization and the temporal alignment of these pupillary changes was predictive of adult participants' performance at test. Further, 9-month-olds as a group failed to consistently segment the familiarization stream with prosodic or statistical cues. However, the variability in temporal alignment of the pupillary changes at word frequency showed that prosodic and statistical cues compete for dominance when segmenting continuous speech. A followup language development questionnaire at 40 months of age suggested that infants who entrained to prosodic words performed better on a vocabulary task and those infants who relied more on statistical cues performed better on grammatical tasks. Together these results suggest that statistics and prosody may serve different roles in speech segmentation in infancy.},
  language  = {en}
}