@article{HorikoshiYaghootkarMookKanamorietal.2013, author = {Horikoshi, Momoko and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Sovio, Ulla and Taal, H. Rob and Hennig, Branwen J. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and St Pourcain, Beate and Evans, David M. and Charoen, Pimphen and Kaakinen, Marika and Cousminer, Diana L. and Lehtimaki, Terho and Kreiner-Moller, Eskil and Warrington, Nicole M. and Bustamante, Mariona and Feenstra, Bjarke and Berry, Diane J. and Thiering, Elisabeth and Pfab, Thiemo and Barton, Sheila J. and Shields, Beverley M. and Kerkhof, Marjan and van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M. and Fulford, Anthony J. and Kutalik, Zoltan and Zhao, Jing Hua and den Hoed, Marcel and Mahajan, Anubha and Lindi, Virpi and Goh, Liang-Kee and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Wu, Ying and Raitakari, Olli T. and Harder, Marie N. and Meirhaeghe, Aline and Ntalla, Ioanna and Salem, Rany M. and Jameson, Karen A. and Zhou, Kaixin and Monies, Dorota M. and Lagou, Vasiliki and Kirin, Mirna and Heikkinen, Jani and Adair, Linda S. and Alkuraya, Fowzan S. and Al-Odaib, Ali and Amouyel, Philippe and Andersson, Ehm Astrid and Bennett, Amanda J. and Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. and Buxton, Jessica L. and Dallongeville, Jean and Das, Shikta and de Geus, Eco J. C. and Estivill, Xavier and Flexeder, Claudia and Froguel, Philippe and Geller, Frank and Godfrey, Keith M. and Gottrand, Frederic and Groves, Christopher J. and Hansen, Torben and Hirschhorn, Joel N. and Hofman, Albert and Hollegaard, Mads V. and Hougaard, David M. and Hyppoenen, Elina and Inskip, Hazel M. and Isaacs, Aaron and Jorgensen, Torben and Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina and Kemp, John P. and Kiess, Wieland and Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. and Klopp, Norman and Knight, Bridget A. and Kuzawa, Christopher W. and McMahon, George and Newnham, John P. and Niinikoski, Harri and Oostra, Ben A. and Pedersen, Louise and Postma, Dirkje S. and Ring, Susan M. and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Robertson, Neil R. and Sebert, Sylvain and Simell, Olli and Slowinski, Torsten and Tiesler, Carla M. T. and Toenjes, Anke and Vaag, Allan and Viikari, Jorma S. and Vink, Jacqueline M. and Vissing, Nadja Hawwa and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Willemsen, Gonneke and Witte, Daniel R. and Zhang, Haitao and Zhao, Jianhua and Wilson, James F. and Stumvoll, Michael and Prentice, Andrew M. and Meyer, Brian F. and Pearson, Ewan R. and Boreham, Colin A. G. and Cooper, Cyrus and Gillman, Matthew W. and Dedoussis, George V. and Moreno, Luis A. and Pedersen, Oluf and Saarinen, Maiju and Mohlke, Karen L. and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Saw, Seang-Mei and Lakka, Timo A. and Koerner, Antje and Loos, Ruth J. F. and Ong, Ken K. and Vollenweider, Peter and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Koppelman, Gerard H. and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Holloway, John W. and Hocher, Berthold and Heinrich, Joachim and Power, Chris and Melbye, Mads and Guxens, Monica and Pennell, Craig E. and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Bisgaard, Hans and Eriksson, Johan G. and Widen, Elisabeth and Hakonarson, Hakon and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Pouta, Anneli and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Smith, George Davey and Frayling, Timothy M. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Grant, Struan F. A. and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Prokopenko, Inga and Freathy, Rachel M.}, title = {New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism}, series = {Nature genetics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Nature genetics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, organization = {MAGIC, Early Growth Genetics EGG}, issn = {1061-4036}, doi = {10.1038/ng.2477}, pages = {76 -- U115}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood(1). Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits(2). In an expanded genome-wide association metaanalysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.}, language = {en} } @article{WintleBekessyKeithetal.2011, author = {Wintle, Brendan A. and Bekessy, Sarah A. and Keith, David A. and van Wilgen, Brian W. and Cabeza, Mar and Schr{\"o}der-Esselbach, Boris and Carvalho, Silvia B. and Falcucci, Alessandra and Maiorano, Luigi and Regan, Tracey J. and Rondinini, Carlo and Boitani, Luigi and Possingham, Hugh P.}, title = {Ecological-economic optimization of biodiversity conservation under climate change}, series = {Nature climate change}, volume = {1}, journal = {Nature climate change}, number = {7}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1758-678X}, doi = {10.1038/NCLIMATE1227}, pages = {355 -- 359}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Substantial investment in climate change research has led to dire predictions of the impacts and risks to biodiversity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change fourth assessment report(1) cites 28,586 studies demonstrating significant biological changes in terrestrial systems(2). Already high extinction rates, driven primarily by habitat loss, are predicted to increase under climate change(3-6). Yet there is little specific advice or precedent in the literature to guide climate adaptation investment for conserving biodiversity within realistic economic constraints(7). Here we present a systematic ecological and economic analysis of a climate adaptation problem in one of the world's most species-rich and threatened ecosystems: the South African fynbos. We discover a counterintuitive optimal investment strategy that switches twice between options as the available adaptation budget increases. We demonstrate that optimal investment is nonlinearly dependent on available resources, making the choice of how much to invest as important as determining where to invest and what actions to take. Our study emphasizes the importance of a sound analytical framework for prioritizing adaptation investments(4). Integrating ecological predictions in an economic decision framework will help support complex choices between adaptation options under severe uncertainty. Our prioritization method can be applied at any scale to minimize species loss and to evaluate the robustness of decisions to uncertainty about key assumptions.}, language = {en} } @article{DeFrenneRodriguezSanchezCoomesetal.2013, author = {De Frenne, Pieter and Rodriguez-Sanchez, Francisco and Coomes, David Anthony and B{\"a}ten, Lander and Verstr{\"a}ten, Gorik and Vellend, Mark and Bernhardt-R{\"o}mermann, Markus and Brown, Carissa D. and Brunet, J{\"o}rg and Cornelis, Johnny and Decocq, Guillaume M. and Dierschke, Hartmut and Eriksson, Ove and Gilliam, Frank S. and Hedl, Radim and Heinken, Thilo and Hermy, Martin and Hommel, Patrick and Jenkins, Michael A. and Kelly, Daniel L. and Kirby, Keith J. and Mitchell, Fraser J. G. and Naaf, Tobias and Newman, Miles and Peterken, George and Petrik, Petr and Schultz, Jan and Sonnier, Gregory and Van Calster, Hans and Waller, Donald M. and Walther, Gian-Reto and White, Peter S. and Woods, Kerry D. and Wulf, Monika and Graae, Bente Jessen and Verheyen, Kris}, title = {Microclimate moderates plant responses to macroclimate warming}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {110}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {46}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1311190110}, pages = {18561 -- 18565}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Recent global warming is acting across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems to favor species adapted to warmer conditions and/or reduce the abundance of cold-adapted organisms (i.e., "thermophilization" of communities). Lack of community responses to increased temperature, however, has also been reported for several taxa and regions, suggesting that "climatic lags" may be frequent. Here we show that microclimatic effects brought about by forest canopy closure can buffer biotic responses to macroclimate warming, thus explaining an apparent climatic lag. Using data from 1,409 vegetation plots in European and North American temperate forests, each surveyed at least twice over an interval of 12-67 y, we document significant thermophilization of ground-layer plant communities. These changes reflect concurrent declines in species adapted to cooler conditions and increases in species adapted to warmer conditions. However, thermophilization, particularly the increase of warm-adapted species, is attenuated in forests whose canopies have become denser, probably reflecting cooler growing-season ground temperatures via increased shading. As standing stocks of trees have increased in many temperate forests in recent decades, local microclimatic effects may commonly be moderating the impacts of macroclimate warming on forest understories. Conversely, increases in harvesting woody biomass-e.g., for bioenergy-may open forest canopies and accelerate thermophilization of temperate forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @article{BeaulieuBennettFouqueetal.2006, author = {Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe and Bennett, David P. and Fouqu{\´e}, Pascal and Williams, Andrew and Dominik, Martin and Jorgensen, Uffe Grae and Kubas, Daniel and Cassan, Arnaud and Coutures, Christian and Greenhill, John and Hill, Kym and Menzies, John and Sackett, Penny D. and Albrow, Michael D. and Brillant, Stephane and Caldwell, John A. R. and Calitz, Johannes Jacobus and Cook, Kem H. and Corrales Cosmeli, Esperanza de Santa Cecilia and Desort, Morgan and Dieters, Stefan and Dominis, Dijana and Donatowicz, Jadzia and Hoffman, Martie and Kane, Stephen R. and Marquette, Jean-Baptiste and Martin, Ralph and Meintjes, Pieter and Pollard, Karen R. and Sahu, Kailash C. and Vinter, Christian and Wambsganss, Joachim and Woller, Kristian and Horne, Keith and Steele, Iain and Bramich, Daniel M. and Burgdorf, Martin and Snodgrass, Colin and Bode, Mike and Udalski, Andr}, title = {Discovery of a cool planet of 5.5 Earth masses through gravitational microlensing}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/Nature04441}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In the favoured core-accretion model of formation of planetary systems, solid planetesimals accumulate to build up planetary cores, which then accrete nebular gas if they are sufficiently massive. Around M-dwarf stars ( the most common stars in our Galaxy), this model favours the formation of Earth-mass (M+) to Neptune-mass planets with orbital radii of 1 to 10 astronomical units (AU), which is consistent with the small number of gas giant planets known to orbit M-dwarf host stars(1-4). More than 170 extrasolar planets have been discovered with a wide range of masses and orbital periods, but planets of Neptune's mass or less have not hitherto been detected at separations of more than 0.15 AU from normal stars. Here we report the discovery of a 5.5(-2.7)(+5.5)M(+) planetary companion at a separation of 2.6(- 0.6)(+1.5) AU from a 0.22(-0.11)(+0.21)M(.) M-dwarf star, where M-. refers to a solar mass. (We propose to name it OGLE- 2005-BLG-390Lb, indicating a planetary mass companion to the lens star of the microlensing event.) The mass is lower than that of GJ876d (ref. 5), although the error bars overlap. Our detection suggests that such cool, sub-Neptune-mass planets may be more common than gas giant planets, as predicted by the core accretion theory.}, language = {en} }