@article{NeumannvonHirschhausen2015,
  author    = {Neumann, Anne and von Hirschhausen, Christian},
  title     = {Natural Gas: An Overview of a Lower-Carbon Transformation Fuel},
  series = {Review of environmental economics and policy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Review of environmental economics and policy},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1750-6816},
  doi       = {10.1093/reep/reu022},
  pages     = {64 -- 84},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This article provides an overview of the natural gas industry, which we view as a bridge fuel toward a lower-carbon energy system in many countries and regions around the world. Based on a review of the literature, an econometric analysis of natural gas prices and contracts, and the authors' experience with the natural gas industry, this introductory article to the symposium on the Prospects for Natural Gas in a Lower-Carbon Context provides an overview of research on natural gas markets over the last decade and examines various features of the natural gas industry, including its technical structure, activities in the value-added chain, trade and market trends, short- and long-term price developments, and the geopolitical landscape. More specifically, we describe the natural gas sector and provide an overview of production, reserves, and consumption. We also examine the evolution of long-term contracts between producers and large-scale buyers of natural gas and present some recent empirical evidence. Finally, we discuss the changing geopolitics of natural gas, focusing in particular on the future roles of the United States as a potential natural gas exporter and Asia as the major importing region. (JEL: L11, L95, Q49).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaklanCullmannNeumannetal.2012,
  author    = {Zaklan, Aleksandar and Cullmann, Astrid and Neumann, Anne and von Hirschhausen, Christian},
  title     = {The globalization of steam coal markets and the role of logistics an empirical analysis},
  series = {Energy economics},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Energy economics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0140-9883},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.eneco.2011.03.001},
  pages     = {105 -- 116},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we provide a comprehensive multivariate cointegration analysis of three parts of the steam coal value chain - export, transport and import prices. The analysis is based on a rich dataset of international coal prices: in particular, we combine data on steam coal prices with freight rates, covering the period December 2001 until August 2009 at weekly frequency. We then test whether the demand and supply side components of steam coal trade are consistently integrated with one another. In addition, export and import prices as well as freight rates for individual trading routes, across regions and globally are combined. We find evidence of significant yet incomplete integration. We also find heterogeneous short-term dynamics of individual markets. Furthermore, we examine whether logistics enter coal price dynamics through transportation costs, which are mainly determined by oil prices. Our results suggest that this is generally not the case.},
  language  = {en}
}