@article{ZouWangNeffeetal.2017,
  author    = {Zou, Jie and Wang, Weiwei and Neffe, Axel T. and Xu, Xun and Li, Zhengdong and Deng, Zijun and Sun, Xianlei and Ma, Nan and Lendlein, Andreas},
  title     = {Adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in 3D architectured gelatin based hydrogels (ArcGel)},
  series = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels},
  number    = {3-4},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1386-0291},
  doi       = {10.3233/CH-179210},
  pages     = {297 -- 307},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Polymeric matrices mimicking multiple functions of the ECM are expected to enable a material induced regeneration of tissues. Here, we investigated the adipogenic differentiation of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in a 3D architectured gelatin based hydrogel (ArcGel) prepared from gelatin and L-lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester (LDI) in an one-step process, in which the formation of an open porous morphology and the chemical network formation were integrated. The ArcGel was designed to support adipose tissue regeneration with its 3D porous structure, high cell biocompatibility, and mechanical properties compatible with human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The ArcGel could support initial cell adhesion and survival of hADSCs. Under static culture condition, the cells could migrate into the inner part of the scaffold with a depth of 840 +/- 120 mu m after 4 days, and distributed in the whole scaffold (2mm in thickness) within 14 days. The cells proliferated in the scaffold and the fold increase of cell number after 7 days of culture was 2.55 +/- 0.08. The apoptotic rate of hADSCs in the scaffold was similar to that of cells maintained on tissue culture plates. When cultured in adipogenic induction medium, the hADSCs in the scaffold differentiated into adipocytes with a high efficiency (93 +/- 1\%). Conclusively, this gelatin based 3D scaffold presented high cell compatibility for hADSC cultivation and differentiation, which could serve as a potential implant material in clinical applications for adipose tissue reparation and regeneration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlockiLoewenbergJiangetal.2017,
  author    = {Blocki, Anna and L{\"o}wenberg, Candy and Jiang, Yi and Kratz, Karl and Neffe, Axel T. and Jung, Friedrich and Lendlein, Andreas},
  title     = {Response of encapsulated cells to a gelatin matrix with varied bulk and microenvironmental elastic properties},
  series = {Polymers for advanced technologies},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Polymers for advanced technologies},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1042-7147},
  doi       = {10.1002/pat.3947},
  pages     = {1245 -- 1251},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Gelatin-based hydrogels offer various biochemical cues that support encapsulated cells and are therefore suitable as cell delivery vehicles in regenerative medicine. However, besides the biochemical signals, biomechanical cues are crucial to ensure an optimal support of encapsulated cells. Hence, we aimed to correlate the cellular response of encapsulated cells to macroscopic and microscopic elastic properties of glycidylmethacrylate (GMA)-functionalized gelatin-based hydrogels. To ensure that different observations in cellular behavior could be attributed to differences in elastic properties, an identical concentration as well as degree of functionalization of biopolymers was utilized to form covalently crosslinked hydrogels. Elastic properties were merely altered by varying the average gelatin-chain length. Hydrogels exhibited an increased degree of swelling and a decreased bulk elastic modulus G with prolonged autoclaving of the starting solution. This was accompanied by an increase of hydrogel mesh size and thus by a reduction of crosslinking density. Tougher hydrogels retained the largest amount of cells; however, they also interfered with cell viability. Softer gels contained a lower cell density, but supported cell elongation and viability. Observed differences could be partially attributed to differences in bulk properties, as high crosslinking densities interfere with diffusion and cell spreading and thus can impede cell viability. Interestingly, a microscopic elastic modulus in the range of native soft tissue supported cell viability and elongation best while ensuring a good cell entrapment. In conclusion, gelatin-based hydrogels providing a soft tissue-like microenvironment represent adequate cell delivery vehicles for tissue engineering approaches. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{LendleinNeffeJerome2014,
  author    = {Lendlein, Andreas and Neffe, Axel T. and Jerome, Christine},
  title     = {Advanced functional polymers for medicine},
  series = {Advanced healthcare materials},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Advanced healthcare materials},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2192-2640},
  doi       = {10.1002/adhm.201400718},
  pages     = {1939 -- 1940},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaupaNeffePierceetal.2011,
  author    = {Zaupa, Alessandro and Neffe, Axel T. and Pierce, Benjamin F. and N{\"o}chel, Ulrich and Lendlein, Andreas},
  title     = {Influence of tyrosine-derived moieties and drying conditions on the formation of helices in gelatin},
  series = {Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1525-7797},
  doi       = {10.1021/bm101029k},
  pages     = {75 -- 81},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The single and triple helical organization of protein chains strongly influences the mechanical properties of gelatin-based materials. A chemical method for obtaining different degrees of helical organization in gelatin is covalent functionalization, while a physical method for achieving the same goal is the variation of the drying conditions of gelatin solutions. Here we explored how the introduction of desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) linked to lysine residues of gelatin influenced the kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of the helicalization process of single and triple helices following different drying conditions. Drying at a temperature above. the helix-to-coil transition temperature of gelatin (T > T-c, called nu(short)) generally resulted in gelatins with relatively lower triple helical content (X-c,X-t = 1-2\%) than lower temperature drying (T < T-c, called nu(long)) (X-c,X-t = 8-10\%), where the DAT(T) functional groups generally disrupted helix formation. While different helical contents affected the thermal transition temperatures only slightly, the mechanical properties were strongly affected for swollen hydrogels (E = 4-13 kPa for samples treated by nu(long) and E = 120-700 kPa for samples treated by nu(short)). This study shows that side group functionalization and different drying conditions are viable options to control the helicalization and macroscopic properties of gelatin-based materials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeffeLoebusZaupaetal.2011,
  author    = {Neffe, Axel T. and Loebus, Axel and Zaupa, Alessandro and St{\"o}tzel, Christian and M{\"u}ller, Frank A. and Lendlein, Andreas},
  title     = {Gelatin functionalization with tyrosine derived moieties to increase the interaction with hydroxyapatite fillers},
  series = {Acta biomaterialia},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Acta biomaterialia},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1742-7061},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.025},
  pages     = {1693 -- 1701},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Combining gelatins functionalized with the tyrosine-derived groups desaminotyrosine or desaminotyrosyl tyrosine with hydroxyapatite (HAp) led to the formation of composite materials with much lower swelling ratios than those of the pure matrices. Shifts of the infra-red (IR) bands related to the free carboxyl groups could be observed in the presence of HAp, which suggested a direct interaction of matrix and filler that formed additional physical cross-links in the material. In tensile tests and rheological measurements the composites equilibrated in water had increased Young's moduli (from 200 kPa up to 2 MPa) and tensile strengths (from 57 kPa up to 1.1 MPa) compared with the matrix polymers without affecting the elongation at break. Furthermore, an increased thermal stability of the networks from 40 to 85 degrees C could be demonstrated. The differences in the behaviour of the functionalized gelatins compared with pure gelatin as a matrix suggested an additional stabilizing bond between the incorporated aromatic groups and the HAp as supported by the IR results. The composites can potentially be applied as bone fillers.},
  language  = {en}
}