@article{SemmoTrappJobstetal.2015,
  author    = {Semmo, Amir and Trapp, Matthias and Jobst, Markus and D{\"o}llner, J{\"u}rgen Roland Friedrich},
  title     = {Cartography-Oriented Design of 3D Geospatial Information Visualization - Overview and Techniques},
  series = {The cartographic journal},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {The cartographic journal},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Leeds},
  issn      = {0008-7041},
  doi       = {10.1080/00087041.2015.1119462},
  pages     = {95 -- 106},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {In economy, society and personal life map-based interactive geospatial visualization becomes a natural element of a growing number of applications and systems. The visualization of 3D geospatial information, however, raises the question how to represent the information in an effective way. Considerable research has been done in technology-driven directions in the fields of cartography and computer graphics (e.g., design principles, visualization techniques). Here, non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) represents a promising visualization category - situated between both fields - that offers a large number of degrees for the cartography-oriented visual design of complex 2D and 3D geospatial information for a given application context. Still today, however, specifications and techniques for mapping cartographic design principles to the state-of-the-art rendering pipeline of 3D computer graphics remain to be explored. This paper revisits cartographic design principles for 3D geospatial visualization and introduces an extended 3D semiotic model that complies with the general, interactive visualization pipeline. Based on this model, we propose NPR techniques to interactively synthesize cartographic renditions of basic feature types, such as terrain, water, and buildings. In particular, it includes a novel iconification concept to seamlessly interpolate between photorealistic and cartographic representations of 3D landmarks. Our work concludes with a discussion of open challenges in this field of research, including topics, such as user interaction and evaluation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SemmoHildebrandtTrappetal.2012,
  author    = {Semmo, Amir and Hildebrandt, Dieter and Trapp, Matthias and D{\"o}llner, J{\"u}rgen Roland Friedrich},
  title     = {Concepts for cartography-oriented visualization of virtual 3D city models},
  series = {Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation},
  journal   = {Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Schweizerbart},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {1432-8364},
  doi       = {10.1127/1432-8364/2012/0131},
  pages     = {455 -- 465},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Virtual 3D city models serve as an effective medium with manifold applications in geoinformation systems and services. To date, most 3D city models are visualized using photorealistic graphics. But an effective communication of geoinformation significantly depends on how important information is designed and cognitively processed in the given application context. One possibility to visually emphasize important information is based on non-photorealistic rendering, which comprehends artistic depiction styles and is characterized by its expressiveness and communication aspects. However, a direct application of non-photorealistic rendering techniques primarily results in monotonic visualization that lacks cartographic design aspects. In this work, we present concepts for cartography-oriented visualization of virtual 3D city models. These are based on coupling non-photorealistic rendering techniques and semantics-based information for a user, context, and media-dependent representation of thematic information. This work highlights challenges for cartography-oriented visualization of 3D geovirtual environments, presents stylization techniques and discusses their applications and ideas for a standardized visualization. In particular, the presented concepts enable a real-time and dynamic visualization of thematic geoinformation.},
  language  = {en}
}