@article{AllanWeisserFischeretal.2013, author = {Allan, Eric and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Fischer, Markus and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Weigelt, Alexandra and Roscher, Christiane and Baade, Jussi and Barnard, Romain L. and Bessler, Holger and Buchmann, Nina and Ebeling, Anne and Eisenhauer, Nico and Engels, Christof and Fergus, Alexander J. F. and Gleixner, Gerd and Gubsch, Marlen and Halle, Stefan and Klein, Alexandra-Maria and Kertscher, Ilona and Kuu, Annely and Lange, Markus and Le Roux, Xavier and Meyer, Sebastian T. and Migunova, Varvara D. and Milcu, Alexandru and Niklaus, Pascal A. and Oelmann, Yvonne and Pasalic, Esther and Petermann, Jana S. and Poly, Franck and Rottstock, Tanja and Sabais, Alexander C. W. and Scherber, Christoph and Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael and Scheu, Stefan and Steinbeiss, Sibylle and Schwichtenberg, Guido and Temperton, Vicky and Tscharntke, Teja and Voigt, Winfried and Wilcke, Wolfgang and Wirth, Christian and Schmid, Bernhard}, title = {A comparison of the strength of biodiversity effects across multiple functions}, series = {Oecologia}, volume = {173}, journal = {Oecologia}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0029-8549}, doi = {10.1007/s00442-012-2589-0}, pages = {223 -- 237}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In order to predict which ecosystem functions are most at risk from biodiversity loss, meta-analyses have generalised results from biodiversity experiments over different sites and ecosystem types. In contrast, comparing the strength of biodiversity effects across a large number of ecosystem processes measured in a single experiment permits more direct comparisons. Here, we present an analysis of 418 separate measures of 38 ecosystem processes. Overall, 45 \% of processes were significantly affected by plant species richness, suggesting that, while diversity affects a large number of processes not all respond to biodiversity. We therefore compared the strength of plant diversity effects between different categories of ecosystem processes, grouping processes according to the year of measurement, their biogeochemical cycle, trophic level and compartment (above- or belowground) and according to whether they were measures of biodiversity or other ecosystem processes, biotic or abiotic and static or dynamic. Overall, and for several individual processes, we found that biodiversity effects became stronger over time. Measures of the carbon cycle were also affected more strongly by plant species richness than were the measures associated with the nitrogen cycle. Further, we found greater plant species richness effects on measures of biodiversity than on other processes. The differential effects of plant diversity on the various types of ecosystem processes indicate that future research and political effort should shift from a general debate about whether biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functions to focussing on the specific functions of interest and ways to preserve them individually or in combination.}, language = {en} } @article{MeyerKreplinKrausetal.2019, author = {Meyer, Dominique M.-A. and Kreplin, Alexander and Kraus, S. and Vorobyov, E. I. and Haemmerl{\´e}, Lionel and Eisl{\"o}ffel, Jochen}, title = {On the ALMA observability of nascent massive multiple systems formed by gravitational instability}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {487}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz1585}, pages = {4473 -- 4491}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) form during the collapse of high-mass pre-stellar cores, where infalling molecular material is accreted through a centrifugally balanced accretion disc that is subject to efficient gravitational instabilities. In the resulting fragmented accretion disc of the MYSO, gaseous clumps and low-mass stellar companions can form, which will influence the future evolution of massive protostars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We perform dust continuum radiative transfer calculations and compute synthetic images of disc structures modelled by the gravito-radiation-hydrodynamics simulation of a forming MYSO, in order to investigate the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (alma) observability of circumstellar gaseous clumps and forming multiple systems. Both spiral arms and gaseous clumps located at similar or equal to a few from the protostar can be resolved by interferometric alma Cycle 7 C43-8 and C43-10 observations at band 6 (), using a maximal 0.015 aracsec beam angular resolution and at least exposure time for sources at distances of . Our study shows that substructures are observable regardless of their viewing geometry or can be inferred in the case of an edge-viewed disc. The observation probability of the clumps increases with the gradually increasing efficiency of gravitational instability at work as the disc evolves. As a consequence, large discs around MYSOs close to the zero-age-main-sequence line exhibit more substructures than at the end of the gravitational collapse. Our results motivate further observational campaigns devoted to the close surroundings of the massive protostars S255IR-NIRS3 and NGC 6334I-MM1, whose recent outbursts are a probable signature of disc fragmentation and accretion variability.}, language = {en} } @book{KargSchopperPaschkeetal.2007, author = {Karg, Detlef and Schopper, Franz and Paschke, Ralph and Meyer, Michael and Ackermann, Irmgard and Baxmann, Matthias and Buchinger, Marie-Luise and Cante, Marcus and Dreger, Hans-Joachim and Gramlich, Sybille and Schwarz, Ulrike and H{\"u}bener, Dieter and Metzler, Matthias and Niemann, Alexander and Rohowski, Ilona and Senst, Ingetraud and Groß, Wera}, title = {Denkmalentdeckungen}, editor = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum,}, edition = {1200}, publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft}, address = {Worms}, isbn = {978-3-88462-244-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-72290}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {288}, year = {2007}, abstract = {»Wenn du reisen willst, mußt du die Geschichte dieses Landes kennen und lieben. Das ist ganz unerl{\"a}ßlich. [...] Wag' es getrost und du wirst es nicht bereuen. Eigent{\"u}mliche Freuden und Gen{\"u}sse werden dich begleiten. Du wirst Entdeckungen machen, denn {\"u}berall wohin du kommst, wirst du, vom Touristenstandpunkt aus, eintreten wie in ›jungfr{\"a}uliches Land‹. Du wirst Klosterruinen begegnen, von deren Existenz h{\"o}chstens die n{\"a}chste Stadt eine leise Kenntnis hatte; du wirst inmitten alter Dorfkirchen, deren zerbr{\"o}ckelter Schindelturm nur auf Elend deutete, große Wandbilder oder in den treppenlosen Gr{\"u}ften reiche Kupfers{\"a}rge mit Kruzifix und vergoldeten Wappenschildern finden; du wirst Schlachtfelder {\"u}berschreiten, Wendenkirchh{\"o}fe, Heidengr{\"a}ber, von denen die Menschen nichts mehr wissen.« Die in diesem Bildband gesammelten »Denkmalentdeckungen« verstehen sich als Einladung zu einer Reise durch das Land Brandenburg. Theodor Fontane hatte f{\"u}r ein solches Unternehmen genau den richtigen Blick, als er in seinen »Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg« 1864 diese S{\"a}tze schrieb. Auch heute noch sollten wir seiner Anregung zu Begegnungen mit der Geschichte und der Kunstgeschichte des Landes folgen, die uns im Dialog der Kulturen und der Zeiten eine Standortbestimmung in der Gegenwart und eine Orientierung f{\"u}r die Zukunft zugleich bietet.}, language = {de} } @article{LeitnerJosefssonMazzaetal.2018, author = {Leitner, T. and Josefsson, Ida and Mazza, T. and Miedema, Piter S. and Schr{\"o}der, H. and Beye, Martin and Kunnus, Kristjan and Schreck, S. and D{\"u}sterer, Stefan and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Meyer, M. and Odelius, Michael and Wernet, Philippe}, title = {Time-resolved electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of photodissociation}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {149}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.5035149}, pages = {12}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The prototypical photoinduced dissociation of Fe(CO)(5) in the gas phase is used to test time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for studying photochemical reactions. Upon one-photon excitation at 266 nm, Fe(CO)(5) successively dissociates to Fe(CO)(4) and Fe(CO)(3) along a pathway where both fragments retain the singlet multiplicity of Fe(CO)(5). The x-ray free-electron laser FLASH is used to probe the reaction intermediates Fe(CO)(4) and Fe(CO)(3) with time-resolved valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy, and experimental results are interpreted with ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Changes in the valence photoelectron spectra are shown to reflect changes in the valenceorbital interactions upon Fe-CO dissociation, thereby validating fundamental theoretical concepts in Fe-CO bonding. Chemical shifts of CO 3 sigma inner-valence and Fe 3 sigma core-level binding energies are shown to correlate with changes in the coordination number of the Fe center. We interpret this with coordination-dependent charge localization and core-hole screening based on calculated changes in electron densities upon core-hole creation in the final ionic states. This extends the established capabilities of steady-state electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis to time-resolved investigations. It could also serve as a benchmark for howcharge and spin density changes in molecular dissociation and excited-state dynamics are expressed in valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. Published by AIP Publishing.}, language = {en} } @article{OprzeskaZingrebeMeyerRoloffetal.2018, author = {Oprzeska-Zingrebe, Ewa Anna and Meyer, Susann and Roloff, Alexander and Kunte, Hans-J{\"o}rg and Smiatek, Jens}, title = {Influence of compatible solute ectoine on distinct DNA structures}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {20}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {40}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/c8cp03543a}, pages = {25861 -- 25874}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In nature, the cellular environment of DNA includes not only water and ions, but also other components and co-solutes, which can exert both stabilizing and destabilizing effects on particular oligonucleotide conformations. Among them, ectoine, known as an important osmoprotectant organic co-solute in a broad range of pharmaceutical products, turns out to be of particular relevance. In this article, we study the influence of ectoine on a short single-stranded DNA fragment and on double-stranded helical B-DNA in aqueous solution by means of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in combination with molecular theories of solution. Our results demonstrate a conformation-dependent binding behavior of ectoine, which favors the unfolded state of DNA by a combination of electrostatic and dispersion interactions. In conjunction with the Kirkwood-Buff theory, we introduce a simple framework to compute the influence of ectoine on the DNA melting temperature. Our findings reveal a significant linear decrease of the melting temperature with increasing ectoine concentration, which is found to be in qualitative agreement with results from denaturation experiments. The outcomes of our computer simulations provide a detailed mechanistic rationale for the surprising destabilizing influence of ectoine on distinct DNA structures.}, language = {en} } @article{MerksSwinarskiMeyeretal.2018, author = {Merks, Anne Margarete and Swinarski, Marie and Meyer, Alexander Matthias and M{\"u}ller, Nicola Victoria and {\"O}zcan, Ismail and Donat, Stefan and Burger, Alexa and Gilbert, Stephen and Mosimann, Christian and Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim and Panakova, Daniela}, title = {Planar cell polarity signalling coordinates heart tube remodelling through tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin activity}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04566-1}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Development of a multiple-chambered heart from the linear heart tube is inherently linked to cardiac looping. Although many molecular factors regulating the process of cardiac chamber ballooning have been identified, the cellular mechanisms underlying the chamber formation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cardiac chambers remodel by cell neighbour exchange of cardiomyocytes guided by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway triggered by two non-canonical Wnt ligands, Wnt5b and Wnt11. We find that PCP signalling coordinates the localisation of actomyosin activity, and thus the efficiency of cell neighbour exchange. On a tissue-scale, PCP signalling planar-polarises tissue tension by restricting the actomyosin contractility to the apical membranes of outflow tract cells. The tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin contractility is required for cardiac looping that occurs concurrently with chamber ballooning. Taken together, our data reveal that instructive PCP signals couple cardiac chamber expansion with cardiac looping through the organ-scale polarisation of actomyosin-based tissue tension.}, language = {en} } @article{GrimmMeyerCzaplaetal.2013, author = {Grimm, Christiane and Meyer, Thomas and Czapla, Sylvia and Nikolaus, J{\"o}rg and Scheidt, Holger A. and Vogel, Alexander and Herrmann, Andreas and Wessig, Pablo and Huster, Daniel and M{\"u}ller, Peter}, title = {Structure and dynamics of molecular rods in membranes application of a Spin-Labeled rod}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {19}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201202500}, pages = {2703 -- 2710}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Molecular rods consisting of a hydrophobic backbone and terminally varying functional groups have been synthesized for applications for the functionalization of membranes. In the present study, we employ a spin-labeled analogue of a recently described new class of molecular rods to characterize their dynamic interactions with membranes. By using the different approaches of ESR and NMR spectroscopy, we show that the spin moiety of the membrane-embedded spin-labeled rod is localized in the upper chain/glycerol region of membranes of different compositions. The rod is embedded within the membrane in a tilted orientation to adjust for the varying hydrophobic thicknesses of these bilayers. This orientation does not perturb the membrane structure. The water solubility of the rod is increased significantly in the presence of certain cyclodextrins. These cyclodextrins also allow the rods to be extracted from the membrane and incorporated into preformed membranes. The latter will improve the future applications of these rods in cellular systems as stable membrane-associated anchors for the functionalization of membrane surfaces.}, language = {en} } @article{WernetLeitnerJosefssonetal.2017, author = {Wernet, Philippe and Leitner, T. and Josefsson, Ida and Mazza, T. and Miedema, P. S. and Schroder, H. and Beye, Martin and Kunnus, K. and Schreck, S. and Radcliffe, P. and Dusterer, S. and Meyer, M. and Odelius, Michael and Fohlisch, Alexander}, title = {Communication: Direct evidence for sequential dissociation of gas-phase Fe(CO)(5) via a singlet pathway upon excitation at 266 nm}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {146}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.4984774}, pages = {5}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We prove the hitherto hypothesized sequential dissociation of Fe(CO)(5) in the gas phase upon photoexcitation at 266 nm via a singlet pathway with time-resolved valence and core-level photoelectron spectroscopy with an x-ray free-electron laser. Valence photoelectron spectra are used to identify free CO molecules and to determine the time constants of stepwise dissociation to Fe(CO)(4) within the temporal resolution of the experiment and further to Fe(CO)(3) within 3 ps. Fe 3p core-level photoelectron spectra directly reflect the singlet spin state of the Fe center in Fe(CO)(5), Fe(CO)(4), and Fe(CO)(3) showing that the dissociation exclusively occurs along a singlet pathway without triplet-state contribution. Our results are important for assessing intra- and intermolecular relaxation processes in the photodissociation dynamics of the prototypical Fe(CO)(5) complex in the gas phase and in solution, and they establish time-resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy as a powerful tool for determining the multiplicity of transition metals in photochemical reactions of coordination complexes. Published by AIP Publishing.}, language = {en} } @misc{MerksSwinarskiMeyeretal.2018, author = {Merks, Anne Margarete and Swinarski, Marie and Meyer, Alexander Matthias and M{\"u}ller, Nicola Victoria and {\"O}zcan, Ismail and Donat, Stefan and Burger, Alexa and Gilbert, Stephen and Mosimann, Christian and Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim and Pan{\´a}kov{\´a}, Daniela}, title = {Planar cell polarity signalling coordinates heart tube remodelling through tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin activity}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {849}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42702}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427026}, pages = {17}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Development of a multiple-chambered heart from the linear heart tube is inherently linked to cardiac looping. Although many molecular factors regulating the process of cardiac chamber ballooning have been identified, the cellular mechanisms underlying the chamber formation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cardiac chambers remodel by cell neighbour exchange of cardiomyocytes guided by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway triggered by two non-canonical Wnt ligands, Wnt5b and Wnt11. We find that PCP signalling coordinates the localisation of actomyosin activity, and thus the efficiency of cell neighbour exchange. On a tissue-scale, PCP signalling planar-polarises tissue tension by restricting the actomyosin contractility to the apical membranes of outflow tract cells. The tissue-scale polarisation of actomyosin contractility is required for cardiac looping that occurs concurrently with chamber ballooning. Taken together, our data reveal that instructive PCP signals couple cardiac chamber expansion with cardiac looping through the organ-scale polarisation of actomyosin-based tissue tension.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoenigFreudenreichRanftetal.2009, author = {K{\"o}nig, Carolin and Freudenreich, Johannes and Ranft, Florian and Gr{\´e}ciano, Philippe and Weiß, Norman and Bruchm{\"u}ller, Silke and Pickny, Linda and Dieter, Anne and Foith, Anne and Dau, Corinna and Meyer, Gunda and Dietz, Alexander and Brunn, Frank Martin and Vespermann, Julia and Giesen, Stefan and Peek, Markus and Schmahl, Stefanie}, title = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30747}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Editorial: Wir greifen im vorliegenden Heft eine Reihe von eher praxisorientierten Fragestellungen auf, behandeln aber auch grundlegende Themen. Carolin K{\"o}nig widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag {\"u}ber das TRIPS-{\"U}bereinkommen menschenrechtlichen Implikationen des geistigen Eigentums, wie sie vor allem f{\"u}r den Handel mit und die Entwicklung von Medikamenten von Bedeutung sind. Johannes Freudenreich und Florian Ranft liefern eine statistische Analyse der 29 Wahrheitskommissionen, die ihre Arbeit beendet haben. Dabei werden Variablen zu Ressourcen, Mandat, Inhalt und Ergebnis von Wahrheitskommissionen untersucht. Die Autoren wollten herausfinden, ob es ein Standardmodell f{\"u}r Wahrheitskommissionen gibt, kommen aber zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich ein solches noch nicht erkennbar herausgebildet hat. Unter dem Titel „Rechtsstaatlichkeit in Europa: Dogmatik im (Kon)text" besch{\"a}ftigen sich Philippe Gr{\´e}ciano und Norman Weiß mit dem diesbez{\"u}glichen Entwicklungsstand der Europ{\"a}ischen Union und versuchen, aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive Anregungen f{\"u}r die weitere Entwicklung zu gewinnen. Silke Bruchm{\"u}ller untersucht in ihrem Beitrag die Aktivit{\"a}ten des Deutschen Bundestages im Zusammenhang mit der „Terrorismusbek{\"a}mpfung in der 14. und 15. Legislaturperiode". Der Beitrag „Menschsein als Teilhabe an innerer und {\"a}ußerer W{\"u}rde" von Linda Pickny behandelt das Thema Menschenw{\"u}rde aus rechtsphilosophischer Sicht. Anne Dieter ruft dazu auf, die „Menschenrechte leben [zu] lernen", und erinnert so daran, den wohlweislich bereits in der Pr{\"a}ambel der Allgemeinen Erkl{\"a}rung der Menschenrechte geforderten fortschreitenden Prozess der Anerkennung und Verwirklichung von Menschenrechten voranzutreiben. Der Dokumentationsteil enth{\"a}lt den traditionellen Bericht {\"u}ber die Arbeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2008. Der erste Teil, verfasst von Anne Foith, behandelt vorrangig das Staatenberichtsverfahren. Corinna Dau und Gunda Meyer f{\"u}hren die Reihe „Mitgliedstaaten des Europarates" mit einem Artikel {\"u}ber Lettland fort. Alexander Dietz und Frank Martin Brunn beschreiben Inhalte und Strukturen der „Interdisziplin{\"a}re[n] Forschung zum Thema Menschenw{\"u}rde an der Universit{\"a}t Heidelberg". Dem Problem der „Zirkul{\"a}ren Migration" ist schließlich der Bericht von Julia Vespermann gewidmet. Buchbesprechungen runden das Heft ab, bei dessen Herstellung uns Jutta Wickenh{\"a}user und Tim Reiß redaktionell unterst{\"u}tzt haben. Gunda Meyer scheidet mit diesem Heft aus der Redaktion aus, um sich ganz auf das Referendariat zu konzentrieren. Ihre Nachfolgerin, Anne Foith, geh{\"o}rt bereits zum Kreis unserer Autorinnen und Autoren. Wir w{\"u}nschen unseren Lesern eine anregende Lekt{\"u}re.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RossmanithBlaumKeiletal.2006, author = {Rossmanith, Eva and Blaum, Niels and Keil, Manfred and Langerwisch, F. and Meyer, Jork and Popp, Alexander and Schmidt, Michael and Schultz, Christoph and Schwager, Monika and Vogel, Melanie and Wasiolka, Bernd and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Scaling up local population dynamics to regional scales}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7320}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In semi-arid savannas, unsustainable land use can lead to degradation of entire landscapes, e.g. in the form of shrub encroachment. This leads to habitat loss and is assumed to reduce species diversity. In BIOTA phase 1, we investigated the effects of land use on population dynamics on farm scale. In phase 2 we scale up to consider the whole regional landscape consisting of a diverse mosaic of farms with different historic and present land use intensities. This mosaic creates a heterogeneous, dynamic pattern of structural diversity at a large spatial scale. Understanding how the region-wide dynamic land use pattern affects the abundance of animal and plant species requires the integration of processes on large as well as on small spatial scales. In our multidisciplinary approach, we integrate information from remote sensing, genetic and ecological field studies as well as small scale process models in a dynamic region-wide simulation tool.
Interdisziplin{\"a}res Zentrum f{\"u}r Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006.}, language = {en} } @article{FoerstnerBoettgerMoldavskietal.2023, author = {F{\"o}rstner, Bernd Rainer and B{\"o}ttger, Sarah Jane and Moldavski, Alexander and Bajbouj, Malek and Pfennig, Andrea and Manook, Andre and Ising, Marcus and Pittig, Andre and Heinig, Ingmar and Heinz, Andreas and Mathiak, Klaus and Schulze, Thomas G. and Schneider, Frank and Kamp-Becker, Inge and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Padberg, Frank and Banaschewski, Tobias and Bauer, Michael and Rupprecht, Rainer and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Rapp, Michael A. and Tschorn, Mira}, title = {The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders}, series = {Frontiers in psychiatry}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097}, pages = {10}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP). Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: \& beta; = -0.35; NVS: \& beta; = 0.39; CS: \& beta; = -0.12; SP: \& beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association. Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for. Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways.}, language = {en} } @article{FreitasdaCruzPfahringerMartensenetal.2021, author = {Freitas da Cruz, Harry and Pfahringer, Boris and Martensen, Tom and Schneider, Frederic and Meyer, Alexander and B{\"o}ttinger, Erwin and Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick}, title = {Using interpretability approaches to update "black-box" clinical prediction models}, series = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM}, volume = {111}, journal = {Artificial intelligence in medicine : AIM}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0933-3657}, doi = {10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101982}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Despite advances in machine learning-based clinical prediction models, only few of such models are actually deployed in clinical contexts. Among other reasons, this is due to a lack of validation studies. In this paper, we present and discuss the validation results of a machine learning model for the prediction of acute kidney injury in cardiac surgery patients initially developed on the MIMIC-III dataset when applied to an external cohort of an American research hospital. To help account for the performance differences observed, we utilized interpretability methods based on feature importance, which allowed experts to scrutinize model behavior both at the global and local level, making it possible to gain further insights into why it did not behave as expected on the validation cohort. The knowledge gleaned upon derivation can be potentially useful to assist model update during validation for more generalizable and simpler models. We argue that interpretability methods should be considered by practitioners as a further tool to help explain performance differences and inform model update in validation studies.}, language = {en} } @article{VaidSomaniRussaketal.2020, author = {Vaid, Akhil and Somani, Sulaiman and Russak, Adam J. and De Freitas, Jessica K. and Chaudhry, Fayzan F. and Paranjpe, Ishan and Johnson, Kipp W. and Lee, Samuel J. and Miotto, Riccardo and Richter, Felix and Zhao, Shan and Beckmann, Noam D. and Naik, Nidhi and Kia, Arash and Timsina, Prem and Lala, Anuradha and Paranjpe, Manish and Golden, Eddye and Danieletto, Matteo and Singh, Manbir and Meyer, Dara and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Huckins, Laura and Kovatch, Patricia and Finkelstein, Joseph and Freeman, Robert M. and Argulian, Edgar and Kasarskis, Andrew and Percha, Bethany and Aberg, Judith A. and Bagiella, Emilia and Horowitz, Carol R. and Murphy, Barbara and Nestler, Eric J. and Schadt, Eric E. and Cho, Judy H. and Cordon-Cardo, Carlos and Fuster, Valentin and Charney, Dennis S. and Reich, David L. and B{\"o}ttinger, Erwin and Levin, Matthew A. and Narula, Jagat and Fayad, Zahi A. and Just, Allan C. and Charney, Alexander W. and Nadkarni, Girish N. and Glicksberg, Benjamin S.}, title = {Machine learning to predict mortality and critical events in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in New York City: model development and validation}, series = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of medical internet research : international scientific journal for medical research, information and communication on the internet ; JMIR}, number = {11}, publisher = {Healthcare World}, address = {Richmond, Va.}, issn = {1439-4456}, doi = {10.2196/24018}, pages = {19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide and is responsible for several hundred thousand fatalities. The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated thoughtful resource allocation and early identification of high-risk patients. However, effective methods to meet these needs are lacking. Objective: The aims of this study were to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to hospitals in the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City; to develop machine learning models for making predictions about the hospital course of the patients over clinically meaningful time horizons based on patient characteristics at admission; and to assess the performance of these models at multiple hospitals and time points. Methods: We used Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and baseline comparator models to predict in-hospital mortality and critical events at time windows of 3, 5, 7, and 10 days from admission. Our study population included harmonized EHR data from five hospitals in New York City for 4098 COVID-19-positive patients admitted from March 15 to May 22, 2020. The models were first trained on patients from a single hospital (n=1514) before or on May 1, externally validated on patients from four other hospitals (n=2201) before or on May 1, and prospectively validated on all patients after May 1 (n=383). Finally, we established model interpretability to identify and rank variables that drive model predictions. Results: Upon cross-validation, the XGBoost classifier outperformed baseline models, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) for mortality of 0.89 at 3 days, 0.85 at 5 and 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days. XGBoost also performed well for critical event prediction, with an AUC-ROC of 0.80 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. In external validation, XGBoost achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.88 at 3 days, 0.86 at 5 days, 0.86 at 7 days, and 0.84 at 10 days for mortality prediction. Similarly, the unimputed XGBoost model achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.78 at 3 days, 0.79 at 5 days, 0.80 at 7 days, and 0.81 at 10 days. Trends in performance on prospective validation sets were similar. At 7 days, acute kidney injury on admission, elevated LDH, tachypnea, and hyperglycemia were the strongest drivers of critical event prediction, while higher age, anion gap, and C-reactive protein were the strongest drivers of mortality prediction. Conclusions: We externally and prospectively trained and validated machine learning models for mortality and critical events for patients with COVID-19 at different time horizons. These models identified at-risk patients and uncovered underlying relationships that predicted outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{WannickeFrindteGustetal.2015, author = {Wannicke, Nicola and Frindte, Katharina and Gust, Giselher and Liskow, Iris and Wacker, Alexander and Meyer, Andreas and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Measuring bacterial activity and community composition at high hydrostatic pressure using a novel experimental approach: a pilot study}, series = {FEMS microbiology ecology}, volume = {91}, journal = {FEMS microbiology ecology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0168-6496}, doi = {10.1093/femsec/fiv036}, pages = {15}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In this pilot study, we describe a high-pressure incubation system allowing multiple subsampling of a pressurized culture without decompression. The system was tested using one piezophilic (Photobacterium profundum), one piezotolerant (Colwellia maris) bacterial strain and a decompressed sample from the Mediterranean deep sea (3044 m) determining bacterial community composition, protein production (BPP) and cell multiplication rates (BCM) up to 27 MPa. The results showed elevation of BPP at high pressure was by a factor of 1.5 +/- 1.4 and 3.9 +/- 2.3 for P. profundum and C. maris, respectively, compared to ambient-pressure treatments and by a factor of 6.9 +/- 3.8 fold in the field samples. In P. profundum and C. maris, BCM at high pressure was elevated (3.1 +/- 1.5 and 2.9 +/- 1.7 fold, respectively) compared to the ambient-pressure treatments. After 3 days of incubation at 27 MPa, the natural bacterial deep-sea community was dominated by one phylum of the genus Exiguobacterium, indicating the rapid selection of piezotolerant bacteria. In future studies, our novel incubation system could be part of an isopiestic pressure chain, allowing more accurate measurement of bacterial activity rates which is important both for modeling and for predicting the efficiency of the oceanic carbon pump.}, language = {en} } @misc{AustHeinemannHenniesetal.2014, author = {Aust, Gottfried and Heinemann, Steffi and Hennies, Johannes and Penke, Martina and Rothweiler, Monika and Wimmer, Eva and Hess, Markus and Becker, Maryanne and Ehrmann-Neuhoff, Brigitte and Hamann, Elke and Wachtlin, Bianka and Sch{\"a}fer, Blanca and W{\"u}rzner, Kay-Michael and Heister, Julian and Schroeder, Sascha and D{\"u}sterh{\"o}ft, Stefanie and Tr{\"u}ggelmann, Maria and Richter, Kerstin and Gagarina, Natalʹja Vladimirovna and Posse, Dorothea and Topaj, Nathalie and Acikg{\"o}z, Duygu and Neumann, Charleen and Baumann, Jeannine and Meyer, Sarah and Siegm{\"u}ller, Julia and K{\"o}sterke-Buchardt, Antje and Jung, Kristina and Jassens, Frank and Golchert, Kristin and Wolff von Gudenberg, Alexander and Schmidt, Sabine and Kisielewicz, Daria and Heide, Judith and G{\"o}ldner, Angie and Ostermann, Anja}, title = {Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: H{\"o}ren - Zuh{\"o}ren - Dazugeh{\"o}ren : Sprachtherapie bei H{\"o}rst{\"o}rungen und Cochlea-Implantat}, number = {7}, editor = {Adelt, Anne and Fritzsche, Tom and Roß, Jennifer and D{\"u}sterh{\"o}ft, Stefanie}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, organization = {Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e. V.}, isbn = {978-3-86956-294-0}, issn = {1869-3822}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-6848}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70629}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Das Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik wird seit 2007 j{\"a}hrlich vom Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e.V. (vpl) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das 7. Herbsttreffen mit dem Schwerpunktthema "H{\"o}ren - Zuh{\"o}ren - Dazugeh{\"o}ren: Sprachtherapie bei H{\"o}rst{\"o}rungen und Cochlea-Implantat" fand am 16.11.2013 in Potsdam statt. Der vorliegende Tagungsband beinhaltet die sechs Vortr{\"a}ge zum Schwerpunktthema aus verschiedenen Perspektiven: der medizinischen, der therapeutischen, der wissenschaftlichen sowie der von Betroffenen. Weiterhin sind die Beitr{\"a}ge der Posterpr{\"a}sentationen zu Themen der sprachtherapeutischen Forschung und Praxis abgedruckt.}, language = {de} }