@article{KrollKernKubinetal.2016, author = {Kroll, Thomas and Kern, Jan and Kubin, Markus and Ratner, Daniel and Gul, Sheraz and Fuller, Franklin D. and L{\"o}chel, Heike and Krzywinski, Jacek and Lutman, Alberto and Ding, Yuantao and Dakovski, Georgi L. and Moeller, Stefan and Turner, Joshua J. and Alonso-Mori, Roberto and Nordlund, Dennis L. and Rehanek, Jens and Weniger, Christian and Firsov, Alexander and Brzhezinskaya, Maria and Chatterjee, Ruchira and Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt and Sierra, Raymond G. and Laksmono, Hartawan and Hill, Ethan and Borovik, Andrew S. and Erko, Alexei and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Mitzner, Rolf and Yachandra, Vittal K. and Yano, Junko and Wernet, Philippe and Bergmann, Uwe}, title = {X-ray absorption spectroscopy using a self-seeded soft X-ray free-electron laser}, series = {Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics}, volume = {24}, journal = {Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1094-4087}, doi = {10.1364/OE.24.022469}, pages = {22469 -- 22480}, year = {2016}, abstract = {X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enable unprecedented new ways to study the electronic structure and dynamics of transition metal systems. L-edge absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique for such studies and the feasibility of this method at XFELs for solutions and solids has been demonstrated. However, the required x-ray bandwidth is an order of magnitude narrower than that of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), and additional monochromatization is needed. Here we compare L-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a prototypical transition metal system based on monochromatizing the SASE radiation of the linac coherent light source (LCLS) with a new technique based on self-seeding of LCLS. We demonstrate how L-edge XAS can be performed using the self-seeding scheme without the need of an additional beam line monochromator. We show how the spectral shape and pulse energy depend on the undulator setup and how this affects the x-ray spectroscopy measurements. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @misc{KrollVogel2013, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Vogel, Dominik}, title = {The PSM-leadership fit}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {77}, issn = {1867-5808}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100853}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It conceptualizes purposeful data use as a type of extra-role behaviour which requires additional effort on the part of the managers and which is not extrinsically rewarded. The article sheds light on one potential antecedent of performance information use - the motivation of the users. It argues that we can observe high levels of data use if managers driven by public service motivation (PSM) work under transformational leaders. Using a needs-supply perspective on supervisors and followers we suggest that there is a PSM-leadership fit which fosters the performance of this extra-role behaviour. The article is based on data from German local government and its findings contribute to the literatures on PSM as well as on performance management.}, language = {en} } @misc{Kroll2008, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {Das Standardkosten-Modell und dessen Beitrag zum B{\"u}rokratieabbau : eine Analyse der Einf{\"u}hrungsphase der B{\"u}rokratiekostenmessung in Deutschland}, issn = {1867-6960}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-25316}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Nachdem die deutsche Ministerialverwaltung seit nunmehr zwei Jahrzehnten die Anwendung von Folgenabsch{\"a}tzungen weitestgehend ignoriert hat, beschloss das Bundeskabinett im April 2006 ein neues Instrument der better regulation einzuf{\"u}hren: das Standardkosten-Modell (SKM). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Wirksamkeit dieses Instruments zu untersuchen. Dazu wird ein qualitativer Bewertungsmaßstab deduktiv hergeleitet, operationalisiert und empirisch getestet. Das SKM wird demzufolge dann als wirksam erachtet, wenn es 1.) das Kr{\"a}fteverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen Regulierungsbef{\"u}rwortern und Regulierungsskeptikern zu Gunsten Letzterer verschiebt und 2.) mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des Instruments die Weichen f{\"u}r einen Wandel der Regulierungskultur in der Ministerialverwaltung gestellt werden. Es zeigt sich, dass das Instrument gem{\"a}ß Annahme 1 als Erfolg bewertet werden kann. Allerdings relativiert sich das Ergebnis, da Annahme 2 nicht erf{\"u}llt wird.}, language = {de} } @misc{Kroll2015, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {Explaining the use of performance information by public managers}, series = {American review of public administration}, journal = {American review of public administration}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404504}, pages = {15}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It reviews literature on the impact of attitudes and social norm and puts forward a psychological-cognitive model based on the theory of planned behavior. The article finds support for this model emphasizing that performance data use is a goal-directed, reasoned action. Another critical result is that managers who consciously intend to use performance data also make sure that the data in their division are of good quality which, in turn, fosters information use. These findings indicate thatin addition to organizational routinescognitive factors are promising starting points for interventions to foster managers' data use. The article is based on survey data from German cities.}, language = {en} } @misc{ProeveKrollAscheetal.2001, author = {Pr{\"o}ve, Ralf and Kroll, Stefan and Asche, Matthias and Heinecke, Anne and Huhtamies, Mikko and Marschke, Benjamin and Gr{\"a}f, Holger Th. and Reimer, Torsten F. and Schmitt, Bernhard and Muth, J{\"o}rg and Reiff, Michael and Gebuhr, Ralf and Martin, Alexander M. and Krebs, Daniel}, title = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, organization = {Arbeitskreis Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit e.V. (Hrsg.)}, issn = {1617-9722}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-28135}, year = {2001}, abstract = {Aus dem Inhalt dieser Ausgabe: BEITRAG: Ralf Pr{\"o}ve: Vom Schmuddelkind zur anerkannten Subdisziplin?1Die „neue Milit{\"a}rgeschichte" der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeitund der AMG PROJEKTE: Stefan Kroll: Kurs{\"a}chsische Soldaten im 18. Jahrhundert (1728-1789) Matthias Asche: Neusiedler im verheerten Land -Kriegsfolgenbew{\"a}ltigung, Landeswiederaufbau undMigration in der Mark Brandenburg und in Badennach den Kriegen des 17. Jahrhunderts Anne Heinecke: Wahrnehmung und Darstellungvon Pl{\"u}nderung im 17. Jahrhundertim Spiegel von Selbstzeugnissen Milit{\"a}rangeh{\"o}riger Mikko Huhtamies: Ersatzsoldaten in Europa in der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit Benjamin MarschkeThe Development of the Army Chaplaincy inEarly Eighteenth-Century Prussia Holger Th. Gr{\"a}f: Valentin Wagner - Zeichnungen aus der Zeit desDreißigj{\"a}hrigen Krieges Torsten F. Reimer: magi-e - integriertes Publizierenin der Geschichtswissenschaft Bernhard Schmitt: Milit{\"a}r und Integration im 19. Jahrhundert -Zur Bedeutung und Funktion der Armeebei der Eingliederung neuer Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppenin Preußen und der Habsburgermonarchie 1815-1867 J{\"o}rg Muth: Flucht aus dem milit{\"a}rischen AlltagUrsachen und individuelle Auspr{\"a}gung der Desertionin der Armee Friedrichs des Großen Michael Reiff: Strandgut des Krieges: Die soziale Lage Kriegsversehrterin den deutschen Armeen des Absolutismusund der napoleonischen Zeit ( 1648 - 1815 ) Ralf Gebuhr: Nickel von Minckwitzund der fr{\"u}hneuzeitliche Schlossbauin der Niederlausitz Alexander M. Martin: Die Napoleonische Okkupation Moskaus 1812 Daniel Krebs: Deutsche Kriegsgefangeneim Amerikanischen Unabh{\"a}ngigkeitskrieg BERICHTE: REZENSIONEN:}, subject = {Milit{\"a}r / Geschichte}, language = {de} } @article{ZollerBethBinosietal.2005, author = {Zoller, Peter and Beth, Thomas and Binosi, D. and Blatt, Rainer and Briegel, Hans J. and Bruss, D. and Calarco, Tommaso and Cirac, Juan Ignacio and Deutsch, David and Eisert, Jens and Ekert, Artur and Fabre, Claude and Gisin, Nicolas and Grangiere, P. and Grassl, Markus and Haroche, Serge and Imamoglu, Atac and Karlson, A. and Kempe, Julia and Kouwenhoven, Leo P. and Kr{\"o}ll, S. and Leuchs, Gerd and Lewenstein, Maciej and Loss, Daniel and L{\"u}tkenhaus, Norbert and Massar, Serge and Mooij, J. E. and Plenio, Martin Bodo and Polzik, Eugene and Popescu, Sandu and Rempe, Gerhard and Sergienko, Alexander and Suter, David and Twamley, John and Wendin, G{\"o}ran and Werner, Reinhard F. and Winter, Andreas and Wrachtrup, J{\"o}rg and Zeilinger, Anton}, title = {Quantum information processing and communication : Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe}, issn = {1434-6060}, year = {2005}, abstract = {We present an excerpt of the document "Quantum Information Processing and Communication: Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe", which has been recently published in electronic form at the website of FET (the Future and Emerging Technologies Unit of the Directorate General Information Society of the European Commission, http://www.cordis.lu/ist/fet/qipc-sr.htm). This document has been elaborated, following a former suggestion by FET, by a committee of QIPC scientists to provide input towards the European Commission for the preparation of the Seventh Framework Program. Besides being a document addressed to policy makers and funding agencies (both at the European and national level), the document contains a detailed scientific assessment of the state-of-the-art, main research goals, challenges, strengths, weaknesses, visions and perspectives of all the most relevant QIPC sub-fields, that we report here}, language = {en} } @article{Kroll2013, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The other type of performance information - nonroutine feedback, its relevance and use}, series = {Public administration review}, volume = {73}, journal = {Public administration review}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0033-3352}, doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02648.x}, pages = {265 -- 276}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The literature on performance information use explains how public managers deal with mainly quantitative data that are systematically collected and formally reported. This article argues that such a narrow understanding is incomplete, as it excludes all kinds of nonroutine performance information, including verbal, ad hoc, and qualitative feedback. To understand how responsive public managers are to performance feedback, alternative sources of performance information need to be taken into account. A literature review suggests considering two important sources of nonroutine feedback: organizational insiders and relevant external stakeholders. Using survey data from German local government, this article shows that public managers prefer to use nonroutine feedback over routine data from performance reports. Furthermore, a regression analysis indicates that different sources of performance information require different determinants to trigger their use. This finding is essential because it suggests that explanations of performance information use can covary with the information source studied.}, language = {en} } @article{KrollKuechlerStahn2009, author = {Kroll, Alexander and K{\"u}chler-Stahn, Nicole}, title = {Performance Management in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung : zwischen Idealismus und Pragmatismus ; ein erweiterter Literaturbericht}, issn = {1865-7192}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{Kroll2009, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {"B{\"u}rokratieabbauer" im Aufwind : erste Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung des Standardkosten-Modells}, issn = {0179-4051}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{KrollVogel2014, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Vogel, Dominik}, title = {The PSM-leadership fit: a model of performance information use}, series = {The journal of public administration}, volume = {92}, journal = {The journal of public administration}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0033-3298}, doi = {10.1111/padm.12014}, pages = {974 -- 991}, year = {2014}, abstract = {This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It conceptualizes purposeful data use as a type of extra-role behaviour which requires additional effort on the part of the managers and which is not extrinsically rewarded. The article sheds light on one potential antecedent of performance information use - the motivation of the users. It argues that we can observe high levels of data use if managers driven by public service motivation (PSM) work under transformational leaders. Using a needs-supply perspective on supervisors and followers, we suggest that there is a PSM-leadership fit which fosters the performance of this extra-role behaviour. The article is based on data from German local government and its findings contribute to the literatures on PSM as well as on performance management.}, language = {en} } @article{VogelKroll2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik and Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The stability and change of psm-related values across time}, series = {International public management journal}, volume = {19}, journal = {International public management journal}, publisher = {J. C. B. Mohr}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1096-7494}, doi = {10.1080/10967494.2015.1047544}, pages = {53 -- 77}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article is a response to calls in prior research that we need more longitudinal analyses to better understand the foundations of PSM and related prosocial values. There is wide agreement that it is crucial for theory building but also for tailoring hiring practices and human resource development programs to sort out whether PSM-related values are stable or developable. The article summarizes existent theoretical expectations, which turn out to be partially conflicting, and tests them against multiple waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study which covers a time period of 16 years. It finds that PSM-related values of public employees are stable rather than dynamic but tend to increase with age and decrease with organizational membership. The article also examines cohort effects, which have been neglected in prior work, and finds moderate evidence that there are differences between those born during the Second World War and later generations.}, language = {en} } @article{Kroll2015, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {Explaining the Use of Performance Information by Public Managers: A Planned-Behavior Approach}, series = {The American review of public administration}, volume = {45}, journal = {The American review of public administration}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0275-0740}, doi = {10.1177/0275074013486180}, pages = {201 -- 215}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It reviews literature on the impact of attitudes and social norm and puts forward a psychological-cognitive model based on the theory of planned behavior. The article finds support for this model emphasizing that performance data use is a goal-directed, reasoned action. Another critical result is that managers who consciously intend to use performance data also make sure that the data in their division are of good quality which, in turn, fosters information use. These findings indicate thatin addition to organizational routinescognitive factors are promising starting points for interventions to foster managers' data use. The article is based on survey data from German cities.}, language = {en} } @article{KubinGuoKrolletal.2018, author = {Kubin, Markus and Guo, Meiyuan and Kroll, Thomas and Loechel, Heike and Kallman, Erik and Baker, Michael L. and Mitzner, Rolf and Gul, Sheraz and Kern, Jan and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Erko, Alexei and Bergmann, Uwe and Yachandra, Vittal and Yano, Junko and Lundberg, Marcus and Wernet, Philippe}, title = {Probing the oxidation state of transition metal complexes}, series = {Chemical science}, volume = {9}, journal = {Chemical science}, number = {33}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {2041-6520}, doi = {10.1039/c8sc00550h}, pages = {6813 -- 6829}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Transition metals in inorganic systems and metalloproteins can occur in different oxidation states, which makes them ideal redox-active catalysts. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the catalytic reactions, knowledge of the oxidation state of the active metals, ideally in operando, is therefore critical. L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique that is frequently used to infer the oxidation state via a distinct blue shift of L-edge absorption energies with increasing oxidation state. A unified description accounting for quantum-chemical notions whereupon oxidation does not occur locally on the metal but on the whole molecule and the basic understanding that L-edge XAS probes the electronic structure locally at the metal has been missing to date. Here we quantify how charge and spin densities change at the metal and throughout the molecule for both redox and core-excitation processes. We explain the origin of the L-edge XAS shift between the high-spin complexes Mn-II(acac)(2) and Mn-III(acac)(3) as representative model systems and use ab initio theory to uncouple effects of oxidation-state changes from geometric effects. The shift reflects an increased electron affinity of Mn-III in the core-excited states compared to the ground state due to a contraction of the Mn 3d shell upon core-excitation with accompanied changes in the classical Coulomb interactions. This new picture quantifies how the metal-centered core hole probes changes in formal oxidation state and encloses and substantiates earlier explanations. The approach is broadly applicable to mechanistic studies of redox-catalytic reactions in molecular systems where charge and spin localization/delocalization determine reaction pathways.}, language = {en} } @misc{KubinGuoKrolletal.2018, author = {Kubin, Markus and Guo, Meiyuan and Kroll, Thomas and L{\"o}chel, Heike and K{\"a}llman, Erik and Baker, Michael L. and Mitzner, Rolf and Gul, Sheraz and Kern, Jan and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Erko, Alexei and Bergmann, Uwe and Yachandra, Vittal and Yano, Junko and Lundberg, Marcus and Wernet, Philippe}, title = {Probing the oxidation state of transition metal complexes}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {656}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42505}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425057}, pages = {17}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Transition metals in inorganic systems and metalloproteins can occur in different oxidation states, which makes them ideal redox-active catalysts. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the catalytic reactions, knowledge of the oxidation state of the active metals, ideally in operando, is therefore critical. L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique that is frequently used to infer the oxidation state via a distinct blue shift of L-edge absorption energies with increasing oxidation state. A unified description accounting for quantum-chemical notions whereupon oxidation does not occur locally on the metal but on the whole molecule and the basic understanding that L-edge XAS probes the electronic structure locally at the metal has been missing to date. Here we quantify how charge and spin densities change at the metal and throughout the molecule for both redox and core-excitation processes. We explain the origin of the L-edge XAS shift between the high-spin complexes Mn-II(acac)(2) and Mn-III(acac)(3) as representative model systems and use ab initio theory to uncouple effects of oxidation-state changes from geometric effects. The shift reflects an increased electron affinity of Mn-III in the core-excited states compared to the ground state due to a contraction of the Mn 3d shell upon core-excitation with accompanied changes in the classical Coulomb interactions. This new picture quantifies how the metal-centered core hole probes changes in formal oxidation state and encloses and substantiates earlier explanations. The approach is broadly applicable to mechanistic studies of redox-catalytic reactions in molecular systems where charge and spin localization/delocalization determine reaction pathways.}, language = {en} } @article{KubinKernGuletal.2017, author = {Kubin, Markus and Kern, Jan and Gul, Sheraz and Kroll, Thomas and Chatterjee, Ruchira and Loechel, Heike and Fuller, Franklin D. and Sierra, Raymond G. and Quevedo, Wilson and Weniger, Christian and Rehanek, Jens and Firsov, Anatoly and Laksmono, Hartawan and Weninger, Clemens and Alonso-Mori, Roberto and Nordlund, Dennis L. and Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt and Glownia, James M. and Krzywinski, Jacek and Moeller, Stefan and Turner, Joshua J. and Minitti, Michael P. and Dakovski, Georgi L. and Koroidov, Sergey and Kawde, Anurag and Kanady, Jacob S. and Tsui, Emily Y. and Suseno, Sandy and Han, Zhiji and Hill, Ethan and Taguchi, Taketo and Borovik, Andrew S. and Agapie, Theodor and Messinger, Johannes and Erko, Alexei and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Bergmann, Uwe and Mitzner, Rolf and Yachandra, Vittal K. and Yano, Junko and Wernet, Philippe}, title = {Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers}, series = {Structural dynamics}, volume = {4}, journal = {Structural dynamics}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {2329-7778}, doi = {10.1063/1.4986627}, pages = {16}, year = {2017}, abstract = {X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of 3d transition metals provides unique information on the local metal charge and spin states by directly probing 3d-derived molecular orbitals through 2p-3d transitions. However, this soft x-ray technique has been rarely used at synchrotron facilities for mechanistic studies of metalloenzymes due to the difficulties of x-ray-induced sample damage and strong background signals from light elements that can dominate the low metal signal. Here, we combine femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser with a novel x-ray fluorescence-yield spectrometer to overcome these difficulties. We present L-edge absorption spectra of inorganic high-valent Mn complexes (Mn similar to 6-15 mmol/l) with no visible effects of radiation damage. We also present the first L-edge absorption spectra of the oxygen evolving complex (Mn4CaO5) in Photosystem II (Mn < 1 mmol/l) at room temperature, measured under similar conditions. Our approach opens new ways to study metalloenzymes under functional conditions. (C) 2017 Author(s).}, language = {en} } @misc{VogelKroll2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik and Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The Stability and Change of PSM-related Values across Time}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397783}, pages = {29}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article is a response to calls in prior research that we need more longitudi-nal analyses to better understand the foundations of PSM and related prosocial values. There is wide agreement that it is crucial for theory-building but also for tailoring hiring practices and human resource development programs to sort out whether PSM-related values are stable or developable. The article summarizes existent theoretical expecta-tions, which turn out to be partially conflicting, and tests them against multiple waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study which covers a time period of sixteen years. It finds that PSM-related values of public employees are stable rather than dynamic but tend to increase with age and decrease with organizational member-ship. The article also examines cohort effects, which have been neglected in prior work, and finds moderate evidence that there are differences between those born during the Second World War and later generations.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrollKrauseVogeletal.2012, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Krause, Tobias and Vogel, Dominik and Proeller, Isabella}, title = {Was bestimmt die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften in der Ministerialverwaltung?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94410}, pages = {75 -- 80}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Bestehende Forschung hat gezeigt, dass die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Ver{\"a}nderungsprojekten ist. Dieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie erkl{\"a}rt werden kann, warum einige F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung reformbereiter sind als andere. Er greift dabei auf eine F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ftebefragung aus dem Jahr 2010 zur{\"u}ck, die auf den Einsch{\"a}tzungen von 351 Verwaltungsmanagern aus der Ministerialverwaltung von Bund und L{\"a}ndern basiert. Eine statistische Analyse dieser Daten kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die typische reformbereite F{\"u}hrungskraft intrinsisch motiviert ist, auf eine aufgabenorientierte F{\"u}hrung setzt sowie Arbeitserfahrung außerhalb der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung und keine juristische Ausbildung besitzt. Sie arbeitet auf oberer Hierarchieebene, ist jedoch eher mit Fach- als mit F{\"u}hrungsaufgaben besch{\"a}ftigt. Der Artikel vertieft und erl{\"a}utert diese Befunde sowie deren Implikationen f{\"u}r die Verwaltungspraxis.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kroll2012, author = {Kroll, Alexander}, title = {Why public managers use performance information : concepts, theory, and empirical analysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59795}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Diese Dissertation untersucht die Verwendung von Performance-Informationen („Kennzahlen") durch F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung. Unter „Verwendung" wird dabei die zweckorientierte Nutzung der Daten verstanden, um zu steuern, zu lernen und {\"o}ffentliche Leistungen zu verbessern. Die zentrale Frage der Arbeit lautet: Wie k{\"o}nnen Unterschiede bei der Verwendung von Performance-Informationen erkl{\"a}rt werden? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wird die bereits existierende Literatur strukturiert ausgewertet. Forschungsl{\"u}cken werden aufgezeigt und eigene Ans{\"a}tze vorgestellt, wie diese geschlossen werden k{\"o}nnen. Der erste Teil der Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss von Manager-bezogenen Faktoren auf die Nutzung von Performance-Daten, die bislang in der Forschung noch keine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung gefunden haben. Der zweite Abschnitt testet ein modifiziertes Modell aus der Psychologie, das auf der Annahme basiert, dass die Verwendung von Performance-Informationen ein bewusstes und durchdachtes Verhalten darstellt. Der dritte Teil untersucht, inwieweit sich die Erkl{\"a}rungen f{\"u}r die Nutzung von Performance-Informationen unterscheiden, wenn wir diese nicht nur als Kennzahlen definieren, sondern ebenfalls andere Quellen von „unsystematischem" Feedback ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Arbeit basieren auf einer Umfrage aus dem Jahr 2011. Im Rahmen dieses Surveys habe ich die mittleren Manager (Amtsleiter und Fachbereichsleiter) aus acht ausgew{\"a}hlten Bereichen aller kreisfreien St{\"a}dte in Deutschland befragt (n=954). Zur Auswertung der Daten wurden die Verfahren Faktorenanalyse, Multiple Regressionsanalyse und Strukturgleichungsmodellierung eingesetzt. Meine Forschung f{\"o}rderte unter anderem vier Erkenntnisse zu Tage, die durch {\"a}hnliche Befunde der verschiedenen Teile der Dissertation abgesichert sind: 1) Die Verwendung von Performance-Daten kann als bewusstes Verhalten von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften modelliert werden, das durch deren Einstellung sowie durch die Einstellung ihres sozialen Umfeldes bestimmt wird. 2) H{\"a}ufige Nutzer von Performance-Informationen zeigen {\"u}berraschenderweise keine generelle Pr{\"a}ferenz f{\"u}r das abstrakt-analytische Verarbeiten von Informationen. Stattdessen bevorzugen sie, Informationen durch pers{\"o}nliche Interaktionen aufzunehmen. 3) Manager, die sich fr{\"u}h im Rahmen der Ermittlung von Performance-Informationen engagieren, nutzen diese sp{\"a}ter auch h{\"a}ufiger, um Entscheidungen zu treffen. 4) Performance-Berichte sind nur eine Informationsquelle unter vielen. Verwaltungsmanager pr{\"a}ferieren verbales Feedback von Insidern sowie das Feedback von wichtigen externen Stakeholdern gegen{\"u}ber systematischen Performance-Daten. Die Dissertation erkl{\"a}rt diese Befunde theoretisch und verdeutlicht deren Implikationen f{\"u}r Theorie und Praxis.}, language = {en} } @article{KrollKrauseVogeletal.2012, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Krause, Tobias and Vogel, Dominik and Proeller, Isabella}, title = {Was bestimmt die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften in der Ministerialverwaltung?}, series = {Verwaltung \& Management : VM ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r moderne Verwaltung}, volume = {18}, journal = {Verwaltung \& Management : VM ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r moderne Verwaltung}, number = {2}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, issn = {0947-9856 (print \& online)}, doi = {10.5771/0947-9856-2012-2-75}, pages = {75 -- 80}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Bestehende Forschung hat gezeigt, dass die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Ver{\"a}nderungsprojekten ist. Dieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie erkl{\"a}rt werden kann, warum einige F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung reformbereiter sind als andere. Er greift dabei auf eine F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ftebefragung aus dem Jahr 2010 zur{\"u}ck, die auf den Einsch{\"a}tzungen von 351 Verwaltungsmanagern aus der Ministerialverwaltung von Bund und L{\"a}ndern basiert. Eine statistische Analyse dieser Daten kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die typische reformbereite F{\"u}hrungskraft intrinsisch motiviert ist, auf eine aufgabenorientierte F{\"u}hrung setzt sowie Arbeitserfahrung außerhalb der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung und keine juristische Ausbildung besitzt. Sie arbeitet auf oberer Hierarchieebene, ist jedoch eher mit Fach- als mit F{\"u}hrungsaufgaben besch{\"a}ftigt. Der Artikel vertieft und erl{\"a}utert diese Befunde sowie deren Implikationen f{\"u}r die Verwaltungspraxis.}, language = {de} }