@article{vanLoonBaileyTattonetal.2013,
  author    = {van Loon, Jacco Th. and Bailey, M. and Tatton, B. L. and Apellaniz, Jesus Maiz and Crowther, P. A. and de Koter, A. and Evans, C. J. and Henault-Brunet, V. and Howarth, I. D. and Richter, Philipp and Sana, Hugues and Simon D{\´i}az, Sergio and Taylor, W. and Walborn, N. R.},
  title     = {The VLT-FLAMES tarantula survey IX. - the interstellar medium seen through diffuse interstellar bands and neutral sodium},
  series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  volume    = {550},
  journal   = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {EDP Sciences},
  address   = {Les Ulis},
  issn      = {0004-6361},
  doi       = {10.1051/0004-6361/201220210},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Context. The Tarantula Nebula (a.k.a. 30 Dor) is a spectacular star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), seen through gas in the Galactic disc and halo. Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) offer a unique probe of the diffuse, cool-warm gas in these regions. Aims. The aim is to use DIBs as diagnostics of the local interstellar conditions, whilst at the same time deriving properties of the yet-unknown carriers of these enigmatic spectral features. Methods. Spectra of over 800 early-type stars from the Very Large Telescope Flames Tarantula Survey (VFTS) were analysed. Maps were created, separately, for the Galactic and LMC absorption in the DIBs at 4428 and 6614 angstrom and - in a smaller region near the central cluster R 136 - neutral sodium (the Na ID doublet); we also measured the DIBs at 5780 and 5797 angstrom. Results. The maps show strong 4428 and 6614 angstrom DIBs in the quiescent cloud complex to the south of 30 Dor but weak absorption in the harsher environments to the north (bubbles) and near the OB associations. The Na maps show at least five kinematic components in the LMC and a shell-like structure surrounding R 136, and small-scale structure in the Milky Way. The strengths of the 4428, 5780, 5797 and 6614 angstrom DIBs are correlated, also with Na absorption and visual extinction. The strong 4428 angstrom DIB is present already at low Na column density but the 6614, 5780 and 5797 angstrom DIBs start to be detectable at subsequently larger Na column densities. Conclusions. The carriers of the 4428, 6614, 5780 and 5797 angstrom DIBs are increasingly prone to removal from irradiated gas. The relative strength of the 5780 and 5797 angstrom DIBs clearly confirm the Tarantula Nebula as well as Galactic high-latitude gas to represent a harsh radiation environment. The resilience of the 4428 angstrom DIB suggests its carrier is large, compact and neutral. Structure is detected in the distribution of cool-warm gas on scales between one and > 100 pc in the LMC and as little as 0.01 pc in the Sun's vicinity. Stellar winds from the central cluster R 136 have created an expanding shell; some infalling gas is also detected, reminiscent of a galactic "fountain".},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SmithZottaBoultonetal.2023,
  author    = {Smith, Taylor and Zotta, Ruxandra-Maria and Boulton, Chris A. and Lenton, Timothy M. and Dorigo, Wouter and Boers, Niklas},
  title     = {Reliability of resilience estimation based on multi-instrument time series},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1322},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58912},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589120},
  pages     = {173 -- 183},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Many widely used observational data sets are comprised of several overlapping instrument records. While data inter-calibration techniques often yield continuous and reliable data for trend analysis, less attention is generally paid to maintaining higher-order statistics such as variance and autocorrelation. A growing body of work uses these metrics to quantify the stability or resilience of a system under study and potentially to anticipate an approaching critical transition in the system. Exploring the degree to which changes in resilience indicators such as the variance or autocorrelation can be attributed to non-stationary characteristics of the measurement process - rather than actual changes in the dynamical properties of the system - is important in this context. In this work we use both synthetic and empirical data to explore how changes in the noise structure of a data set are propagated into the commonly used resilience metrics lag-one autocorrelation and variance. We focus on examples from remotely sensed vegetation indicators such as vegetation optical depth and the normalized difference vegetation index from different satellite sources. We find that time series resulting from mixing signals from sensors with varied uncertainties and covering overlapping time spans can lead to biases in inferred resilience changes. These biases are typically more pronounced when resilience metrics are aggregated (for example, by land-cover type or region), whereas estimates for individual time series remain reliable at reasonable sensor signal-to-noise ratios. Our work provides guidelines for the treatment and aggregation of multi-instrument data in studies of critical transitions and resilience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmithZottaBoultonetal.2023,
  author    = {Smith, Taylor and Zotta, Ruxandra-Maria and Boulton, Chris A. and Lenton, Timothy M. and Dorigo, Wouter and Boers, Niklas},
  title     = {Reliability of resilience estimation based on multi-instrument time series},
  series = {Earth System Dynamics},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Earth System Dynamics},
  publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2190-4987},
  doi       = {10.5194/esd-14-173-2023},
  pages     = {173 -- 183},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Many widely used observational data sets are comprised of several overlapping instrument records. While data inter-calibration techniques often yield continuous and reliable data for trend analysis, less attention is generally paid to maintaining higher-order statistics such as variance and autocorrelation. A growing body of work uses these metrics to quantify the stability or resilience of a system under study and potentially to anticipate an approaching critical transition in the system. Exploring the degree to which changes in resilience indicators such as the variance or autocorrelation can be attributed to non-stationary characteristics of the measurement process - rather than actual changes in the dynamical properties of the system - is important in this context. In this work we use both synthetic and empirical data to explore how changes in the noise structure of a data set are propagated into the commonly used resilience metrics lag-one autocorrelation and variance. We focus on examples from remotely sensed vegetation indicators such as vegetation optical depth and the normalized difference vegetation index from different satellite sources. We find that time series resulting from mixing signals from sensors with varied uncertainties and covering overlapping time spans can lead to biases in inferred resilience changes. These biases are typically more pronounced when resilience metrics are aggregated (for example, by land-cover type or region), whereas estimates for individual time series remain reliable at reasonable sensor signal-to-noise ratios. Our work provides guidelines for the treatment and aggregation of multi-instrument data in studies of critical transitions and resilience.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmirnovKronbergLatallerieetal.2019,
  author    = {Smirnov, Artem G. and Kronberg, Elena A. and Latallerie, F. and Daly, Patrick W. and Aseev, Nikita and Shprits, Yuri Y. and Kellerman, Adam C. and Kasahara, Satoshi and Turner, Drew L. and Taylor, M. G. G. T.},
  title     = {Electron Intensity Measurements by the Cluster/RAPID/IES Instrument in Earth's Radiation Belts and Ring Current},
  series = {Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Space Weather: The International Journal of Research and Applications},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1542-7390},
  doi       = {10.1029/2018SW001989},
  pages     = {553 -- 566},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Plain Language Summary Radiation belts of the Earth, which are the zones of charged energetic particles trapped by the geomagnetic field, comprise enormous and dynamic systems. While the inner radiation belt, composed mainly of high-energy protons, is relatively stable, the outer belt, filled with energetic electrons, is highly variable and depends substantially on solar activity. Hence, extended reliable observations and the improved models of the electron intensities in the outer belt depending on solar wind parameters are necessary for prediction of their dynamics. The Cluster mission has been measuring electron flux intensities in the radiation belts since its launch in 2000, thus providing a huge dataset that can be used for radiation belts analysis. Using 16 years of electron measurements by the Cluster mission corrected for background contamination, we derived a uniform linear-logarithmic dependence of electron fluxes in the outer belt on the solar wind dynamic pressure.},
  language  = {en}
}