@article{GoergSpangenbergTekkenetal.2014, author = {Goerg, Christoph and Spangenberg, Joachim H. and Tekken, Vera and Burkhard, Benjamin and Da Thanh Truong, and Escalada, Monina and Heong, Kong Luen and Arida, Gertrudo and Marquez, Leonardo V. and Bustamante, Jesus Victor and Ho Van Chien, and Klotzbuecher, Thimo and Marxen, Anika and Nguyen Hung Man, and Nguyen Van Sinh, and Villareal, Sylvia (Bong) and Settele, Josef}, title = {Engaging local knowledge in biodiversity research: experiences from large inter- and transdisciplinary projects}, series = {Interdisciplinary science reviews}, volume = {39}, journal = {Interdisciplinary science reviews}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Leeds}, issn = {0308-0188}, doi = {10.1179/0308018814Z.00000000095}, pages = {323 -- 341}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The management of biodiversity represents a research topic that needs to involve not only several (sub-) disciplines from the natural sciences but, in particular, also the social sciences and humanities. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, the need for the integration of other kinds of knowledge (experience based or indigenous knowledge) is increasingly acknowledged. For instance, the incorporation of such knowledge is indispensable for place-based approaches to sustainable land management, which require that the specific ecological and social context is addressed. However, desirable as it may be, such an engagement of the holders of tacit knowledge is not easy to achieve. It demands reconciling well-established scientific procedural standards with the implicit or explicit criteria of relevance that apply in civil society a process that typically causes severe tensions and comes up against both habitual as well as institutional constraints. The difficulty of managing such tensions is amplified particularly in large integrated projects and represents a major challenge to project management. At the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, several integrated research projects have been conducted over the past years in which experience has been gained with these specific challenges. This paper presents some of the lessons learned from large integrated projects, with an emphasis on project design and management structure. At the centre of the present contribution are experiences gained in the coordination and management of LEGATO (LEGATO stands for Land-use intensity and Ecological EnGineering - Assessment Tools for risks and Opportunities in irrigated rice based production systems, see www.legato-project.net), an ongoing, large-scale, inter- and transdisciplinary research project dealing with the management of irrigated rice landscapes in Southeast Asia. In this project, local expertise on traditional production systems is absolutely crucial but needs to be integrated with natural and social science research to identify future-proof land management systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{RibeiroMartinsFickelLeetal.2017, author = {Ribeiro Martins, Renata Filipa and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Le, Minh and Nguyen, Thanh van and Nguyen, Ha M. and Timmins, Robert and Gan, Han Ming and Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J. and Lenz, Dorina and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W. and Wilting, Andreas}, title = {Phylogeography of red muntjacs reveals three distinct mitochondrial lineages}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {973}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43078}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430780}, pages = {14}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background The members of the genus Muntiacus are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their extreme chromosomal rearrangements and the ongoing discussions about the number of living species. Red muntjacs have the largest distribution of all muntjacs and were formerly considered as one species. Karyotype differences led to the provisional split between the Southern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the Northern Red Muntjac (M. vaginalis), but uncertainties remain as, so far, no phylogenetic study has been conducted. Here, we analysed whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 archival and 16 contemporaneous samples to resolve uncertainties about their taxonomy and used red muntjacs as model for understanding the evolutionary history of other species in Southeast Asia. Results We found three distinct matrilineal groups of red muntjacs: Sri Lankan red muntjacs (including the Western Ghats) diverged first from other muntjacs about 1.5 Mya; later northern red muntjacs (including North India and Indochina) and southern red muntjacs (Sundaland) split around 1.12 Mya. The diversification of red muntjacs into these three main lineages was likely promoted by two Pleistocene barriers: one through the Indian subcontinent and one separating the Indochinese and Sundaic red muntjacs. Interestingly, we found a high level of gene flow within the populations of northern and southern red muntjacs, indicating gene flow between populations in Indochina and dispersal of red muntjacs over the exposed Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum. Conclusions Our results provide new insights into the evolution of species in South and Southeast Asia as we found clear genetic differentiation in a widespread and generalist species, corresponding to two known biogeographical barriers: The Isthmus of Kra and the central Indian dry zone. In addition, our molecular data support either the delineation of three monotypic species or three subspecies, but more importantly these data highlight the conservation importance of the Sri Lankan/South Indian red muntjac.}, language = {en} } @article{MartinsFickelMinhLeetal.2017, author = {Martins, Renata F. and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Minh Le, and Thanh Van Nguyen, and Nguyen, Ha M. and Timmins, Robert and Gan, Han Ming and Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J. and Lenz, Dorina and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W. and Wilting, Andreas}, title = {Phylogeography of red muntjacs reveals three distinct mitochondrial lineages}, series = {BMC evolutionary biology}, volume = {17}, journal = {BMC evolutionary biology}, number = {34}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-017-0888-0}, pages = {12}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: The members of the genus Muntiacus are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their extreme chromosomal rearrangements and the ongoing discussions about the number of living species. Red muntjacs have the largest distribution of all muntjacs and were formerly considered as one species. Karyotype differences led to the provisional split between the Southern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the Northern Red Muntjac (M. vaginalis), but uncertainties remain as, so far, no phylogenetic study has been conducted. Here, we analysed whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 archival and 16 contemporaneous samples to resolve uncertainties about their taxonomy and used red muntjacs as model for understanding the evolutionary history of other species in Southeast Asia. Results: We found three distinct matrilineal groups of red muntjacs: Sri Lankan red muntjacs (including the Western Ghats) diverged first from other muntjacs about 1.5 Mya; later northern red muntjacs (including North India and Indochina) and southern red muntjacs (Sundaland) split around 1.12 Mya. The diversification of red muntjacs into these three main lineages was likely promoted by two Pleistocene barriers: one through the Indian subcontinent and one separating the Indochinese and Sundaic red muntjacs. Interestingly, we found a high level of gene flow within the populations of northern and southern red muntjacs, indicating gene flow between populations in Indochina and dispersal of red muntjacs over the exposed Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the evolution of species in South and Southeast Asia as we found clear genetic differentiation in a widespread and generalist species, corresponding to two known biogeographical barriers: The Isthmus of Kra and the central Indian dry zone. In addition, our molecular data support either the delineation of three monotypic species or three subspecies, but more importantly these data highlight the conservation importance of the Sri Lankan/South Indian red muntjac.}, language = {en} } @article{TrietDungMerzetal.2018, author = {Triet, Nguyen Van Khanh and Dung, Nguyen Viet and Merz, Bruno and Apel, Heiko}, title = {Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation}, series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences}, volume = {18}, journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences}, number = {11}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1561-8633}, doi = {10.5194/nhess-18-2859-2018}, pages = {2859 -- 2876}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event-based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefore, the present study was developed to provide the very first insight into delta-scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large-scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology, and harvest times based on a time series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage function. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans and as a basis for a cost-benefit of the discussed land-use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.}, language = {en} } @misc{TrietDungMerzetal.2018, author = {Triet, Nguyen Van Khanh and Dung, Nguyen Viet and Merz, Bruno and Apel, Heiko}, title = {Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {931}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-446032}, pages = {2859 -- 2876}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event-based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefore, the present study was developed to provide the very first insight into delta-scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large-scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology, and harvest times based on a time series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage function. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans and as a basis for a cost-benefit of the discussed land-use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.}, language = {en} } @article{DejongheKuenenMylleetal.2016, author = {Dejonghe, Wim and Kuenen, Sabine and Mylle, Evelien and Vasileva, Mina and Keech, Olivier and Viotti, Corrado and Swerts, Jef and Fendrych, Matyas and Ortiz-Morea, Fausto Andres and Mishev, Kiril and Delang, Simon and Scholl, Stefan and Zarza, Xavier and Heilmann, Mareike and Kourelis, Jiorgos and Kasprowicz, Jaroslaw and Nguyen, Le Son Long and Drozdzecki, Andrzej and Van Houtte, Isabelle and Szatmari, Anna-Maria and Majda, Mateusz and Baisa, Gary and Bednarek, Sebastian York and Robert, Stephanie and Audenaert, Dominique and Testerink, Christa and Munnik, Teun and Van Damme, Daniel and Heilmann, Ingo and Schumacher, Karin and Winne, Johan and Friml, Jiri and Verstreken, Patrik and Russinova, Eugenia}, title = {Mitochondrial uncouplers inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis largely through cytoplasmic acidification}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {7}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms11710}, pages = {1959 -- 1968}, year = {2016}, abstract = {ATP production requires the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial uncouplers dissipate this proton gradient and disrupt numerous cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, mainly through energy depletion. Here we show that Endosidin9 (ES9), a novel mitochondrial uncoupler, is a potent inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in different systems and that ES9 induces inhibition of CME not because of its effect on cellular ATP, but rather due to its protonophore activity that leads to cytoplasm acidification. We show that the known tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostinA23, which is routinely used to block CME, displays similar properties, thus questioning its use as a specific inhibitor of cargo recognition by the AP-2 adaptor complex via tyrosine motif-based endocytosis signals. Furthermore, we show that cytoplasm acidification dramatically affects the dynamics and recruitment of clathrin and associated adaptors, and leads to reduction of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate from the plasma membrane.}, language = {en} } @article{JakupecMeiervanCuong2006, author = {Jakupec, Viktor and Meier, Bernd and van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {International trends in building teaching curriculum and the relations to the upper secondary curriculum in Viet Nam}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MeierJakupecvanCuong2004, author = {Meier, Bernd and Jakupec, Viktor and van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {Intellectual economy, intellectual society and intellectual adminstration : the concepts of the modern society}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{MeierMuszynskivanCuong2004, author = {Meier, Bernd and Muszynski, Bernhard and van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {The Posdam model on teacher training : fundamental components and trends of renovation}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{MeierJakupecvanCuong2004, author = {Meier, Bernd and Jakupec, Viktor and van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {Das Kerncurriculum : Arbeit-Wirtschaft-Technik-Arbeitslehre (KCAL) im Spiegel internationaler Tendenzen der Curriculumentwicklung}, year = {2004}, language = {de} } @article{GebserObermeierOttoetal.2018, author = {Gebser, Martin and Obermeier, Philipp and Otto, Thomas and Schaub, Torsten H. and Sabuncu, Orkunt and Van Nguyen, and Tran Cao Son,}, title = {Experimenting with robotic intra-logistics domains}, series = {Theory and practice of logic programming}, volume = {18}, journal = {Theory and practice of logic programming}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1471-0684}, doi = {10.1017/S1471068418000200}, pages = {502 -- 519}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We introduce the asprilo1 framework to facilitate experimental studies of approaches addressing complex dynamic applications. For this purpose, we have chosen the domain of robotic intra-logistics. This domain is not only highly relevant in the context of today's fourth industrial revolution but it moreover combines a multitude of challenging issues within a single uniform framework. This includes multi-agent planning, reasoning about action, change, resources, strategies, etc. In return, asprilo allows users to study alternative solutions as regards effectiveness and scalability. Although asprilo relies on Answer Set Programming and Python, it is readily usable by any system complying with its fact-oriented interface format. This makes it attractive for benchmarking and teaching well beyond logic programming. More precisely, asprilo consists of a versatile benchmark generator, solution checker and visualizer as well as a bunch of reference encodings featuring various ASP techniques. Importantly, the visualizer's animation capabilities are indispensable for complex scenarios like intra-logistics in order to inspect valid as well as invalid solution candidates. Also, it allows for graphically editing benchmark layouts that can be used as a basis for generating benchmark suites.}, language = {en} } @article{MeierHongSonVanCuong1998, author = {Meier, Bernd and Hong Son, Le and Van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {Zur Entwicklung und zur Situation technischer Bildung in Vietnam}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{MeierVanCuong1998, author = {Meier, Bernd and Van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {Ve van de giang day Ky thuat}, issn = {0866-7470}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{MeierCuong1998, author = {Meier, Bernd and Cuong, Nguyen Van}, title = {A theory on socio-technical system and the teaching of technics = Ly Thuet he thong Ky thuat : Xa hoi va viec day hoc Ky thuat}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @book{vanCuongMeier2010, author = {van Cuong, Nguyen and Meier, Bernd}, title = {Methodos - Unterrichtmethode : ein Studienbuch in vietnamesischer Sprache}, series = {Schriften zu Arbeit, Beruf, Bildung}, volume = {4}, journal = {Schriften zu Arbeit, Beruf, Bildung}, publisher = {MACHMIT-Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-932598-21-0}, pages = {185 S.}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nguyen1995, author = {Nguyen, Van Cuong}, title = {Projektunterricht im Lernfeld Arbeitslehre unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Gegenstandsbereichs Technik}, pages = {188, XXVIII S. : Ill.}, year = {1995}, language = {de} } @article{NguyenSchippersGoniRamosetal.2013, author = {Nguyen, Hung M. and Schippers, Jos H. M. and Goni-Ramos, Oscar and Christoph, Mathias P. and Dortay, Hakan and van der Hoorn, Renier A. L. and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd}, title = {An upstream regulator of the 26S proteasome modulates organ size in Arabidopsis thaliana}, series = {The plant journal}, volume = {74}, journal = {The plant journal}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0960-7412}, doi = {10.1111/tpj.12097}, pages = {25 -- 36}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In both animal and plant kingdoms, body size is a fundamental but still poorly understood attribute of biological systems. Here we report that the Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor Regulator of Proteasomal Gene Expression' (RPX) controls leaf size by positively modulating proteasome activity. We further show that the cis-element recognized by RPX is evolutionarily conserved between higher plant species. Upon over-expression of RPX, plants exhibit reduced growth, which may be reversed by a low concentration of the pharmacological proteasome inhibitor MG132. These data suggest that the rate of protein turnover during growth is a critical parameter for determining final organ size.}, language = {en} } @article{BauerBoersigPhametal.2022, author = {Bauer, Jonas and B{\"o}rsig, Nicolas and Pham, Van Cam and Hoan, Tran Viet and Nguyen, Ha Thi and Norra, Stefan}, title = {Geochemistry and evolution of groundwater resources in the context of salinization and freshening in the southernmost Mekong Delta, Vietnam}, series = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies}, volume = {40}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2214-5818}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101010}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Study region: Ca Mau Province (CMP), Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. Study focus: Groundwater from deep aquifers is the most reliable source of freshwater in the MD but extensive overexploitation in the last decades led to the drop of hydraulic heads and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a comprehensive groundwater investigation was conducted to evaluate its composition in the context of Quaternary marine transgression and regression cycles, geochemical processes as well as groundwater extraction. New hydrological insights for the region: The abundance of groundwater of Na-HCO3 type and distinct ion ratios, such as Na+/Cl-, indicate extensive freshwater intrusion in an initially saline hydrogeological system, with decreasing intensity from upper Pleistocene to deeper Miocene aquifers, most likely during the last marine regression phase 60-12 ka BP. Deviations from the conservative mixing line between the two endmembers seawater and freshwater are attributed to ion-exchange processes on mineral surfaces, making ion ratios in combination with a customized water type analysis a useful tool to distinguish between salinization and freshening processes. Elevated salinity in some areas is attributed to HCO3- generation by organic matter decomposition in marine sediments rather than to seawater intrusion. Nevertheless, a few randomly distributed locations show strong evidence of recent salinization in an early stage, which may be caused by the downwards migration of saline Holocene groundwater through natural and anthropogenic pathways into deep aquifers.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nguyen2022, author = {Nguyen, Van Thanh}, title = {Unravelling the mysteries of the Annamites}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {116}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Annamites mountain range of Southeast Asia which runs along the border of Viet Nam and Laos is an important biodiversity hotspot with high levels of endemism. However, that biodiversity is threatened by unsustainable hunting, and many protected areas across the region have been emptied of their wildlife. To better protect the unique species in the Annamites, it is crucial to have a better understanding of their ecology and distribution. Additionally, basic genetic information is needed to provide conservation stakeholders with essential information to facilitate conservation breeding and counteract the illegal wildlife trade. To date, this baseline information is lacking for many Annamites species. This thesis aims to assess the effectiveness of using non-invasive collection methods, i.e. camera-trap surveys and leech-derived wildlife host DNA, in order to improve and enhance our understanding of ecology, distribution, and genetic diversity of the Annamites terrestrial mammals. In chapter 1, we analysed data from a systematic landscape camera-trap survey using single-species occupancy models to assess the ecology and distribution of two little-known Annamite endemics, the Annamite dark muntjac (Muntiacus rooseveltorum / truongsonensis) and Annamite striped rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi), in multiple protected areas across the Annamites. This chapter provided the first in-depth information on their ecology, as well as distribution patterns at large spatial scales. Most notably, we found that the Annamite dark muntjac was predominantly found at higher elevations, while responses to elevation varied among study areas for the Annamite striped rabbit. We estimated occupancy probabilities for both endemics by using their responses to environmental and anthropogenic influences and used this information to make recommendations for targeted conservation actions. We discuss how the approach we used for these two Annamites endemics can be expanded for other little-known and threatened species in other tropical regions. As is the case with ecology and distribution, very little is known about the genetic diversity of the Annamite striped rabbit and other mammals of the Annamites. This poor understanding is mainly attributed to the lack of a comprehensive DNA sample collection that covers the species' entire distribution range, which is believed to be a consequence of the low density of mammals or the remoteness of species' habitat. In order to overcome the difficulties when trying to collect DNA samples from elusive mammals, we applied invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) sampling via hematophagous leeches to indirectly obtain genetic materials of their terrestrial host mammals. In chapter 2, leech-derived DNA was used to study the genetic diversity of the Annamite striped rabbit population. By analysing the DNA extracted from leech samples collected at multiple study areas of the central Annamites, we found a genetic variation with five haplotypes among nine obtained sequences. Despite this diversity, we found no clear phylogeographic pattern among the lagomorph's populations in central Annamites. The findings have direct conservation implications for the species, as local stakeholders are currently establishing a conservation rescue and breeding facility for Annamite endemic species. Thus our results suggested that Annamite striped rabbits from multiple protected areas in central Annamites can be used as founders for the breeding program. In chapter 3, the genetic material of six mammals, which are frequently found in Indochina's illegal wildlife trade, was extracted from leeches collected at six study sites across the Anamites. Species-specific genetic markers were used to obtain DNA fragments that were analysed together with Genbank reference sequences from other parts of the species' distribution range. Our results showed that invertebrate-derived DNA can be used to fill the sampling gaps and provide genetic reference data that is needed for conservation breeding programmes or to counteract the illegal wildlife trade. Overal, this dissertation provides the first insights in the ecology, distribution, and genetics of rare and threatened species of the Annamites by utilising camera traps and leech-derived DNA as two non-invasive collection methods. This information is essential for improving conservation efforts of local stakeholders and managers, especially for the Annamite endemics. Results in this dissertation also show the effectiveness of both non-invasive methods for studying terrestrial mammals at a landscape level. By expanding the application of these methods to other protected areas across the Annamites, we will further our understanding of ecology, distribution, and genetics of Annamite endemics. With such landscape-scale surveys, we are able to provide stakeholders with an overview of the current status of wildlife in the Annamites which supports efforts to protect these secretive species from illegal hunting and thus their extinction.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nguyen2021, author = {Nguyen, Van Khanh Triet}, title = {Flood dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51283}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512830}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xx, 113}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Today, the Mekong Delta in the southern of Vietnam is home for 18 million people. The delta also accounts for more than half of the country's food production and 80\% of the exported rice. Due to the low elevation, it is highly susceptible to the risk of fluvial and coastal flooding. Although extreme floods often result in excessive damages and economic losses, the annual flood pulse from the Mekong is vital to sustain agricultural cultivation and livelihoods of million delta inhabitants. Delta-wise risk management and adaptation strategies are required to mitigate the adverse impacts from extreme events while capitalising benefits from floods. However, a proper flood risk management has not been implemented in the VMD, because the quantification of flood damage is often overlooked and the risks are thus not quantified. So far, flood management has been exclusively focused on engineering measures, i.e. high- and low- dyke systems, aiming at flood-free or partial inundation control without any consideration of the actual risks or a cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, an analysis of future delta flood dynamics driven these stressors is valuable to facilitate the transition from sole hazard control towards a risk management approach, which is more cost-effective and also robust against future changes in risk. Built on these research gaps, this thesis investigates the current state and future projections of flood hazard, damage and risk to rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the VMD. The study quantifies the changes in risk and hazard brought by the development of delta-based flood control measures in the last decades, and analyses the expected changes in risk driven by the changing climate, rising sea-level and deltaic land subsidence, and finally the development of hydropower projects in the Mekong Basin. For this purpose, flood trend analyses and comprehensive hydraulic modelling were performed, together with the development of a concept to quantify flood damage and risk to rice plantation. The analysis of observed flood levels revealed strong and robust increasing trends of peak and duration downstream of the high-dyke areas with a step change in 2000/2001, i.e. after the disastrous flood which initiated the high-dyke development. These changes were in contrast to the negative trends detected upstream, suggested that high-dyke development has shifted flood hazard downstream. Findings of the trend's analysis were later confirmed by hydraulic simulations of the two recent extreme floods in 2000 and 2011, where the hydrological boundaries and dyke system settings were interchanged. However, the high-dyke system was not the only and often not the main cause for a shift of flood hazard, as a comparative analysis of these two extreme floods proved. The high-dyke development was responsible for 20-90\% of the observed changes in flood level between 2000 and 2011, with large spatial variances. The particular flood hydrograph of the two events had the highest contribution in the northern part of the delta, while the tidal level had 2-3 times higher influence than the high-dyke in the lower-central and coastal areas downstream of high-dyke areas. The impact of the high-dyke development was highest in the areas closely downstream of the high-dyke area just south of the Cambodia-Vietnam border. The hydraulic simulations also validated that the concurrence of the flood peak with spring tides, i.e. high sea level along the coast, amplified the flood level and inundation in the central and coastal regions substantially. The risk assessment quantified the economic losses of rice cultivation to USD 25.0 and 115 million (0.02-0.1\% of the total GDP of Vietnam in 2011) corresponding to the 10-year and the 100-year floods, with an expected annual damage of about USD 4.5 million. A particular finding is that the flood damage was highly sensitive to flood timing. Here, a 10-year event with an early peak, i.e. late August-September, could cause as much damage as a 100-year event that peaked in October. This finding underlines the importance of a reliable early flood warning, which could substantially reduce the damage to rice crops and thus the risk. The developed risk assessment concept was furthermore applied to investigate two high-dyke development alternatives, which are currently under discussion among the administrative bodies in Vietnam, but also in the public. The first option favouring the utilization of the current high-dyke compartments as flood retention areas instead for rice cropping during the flood season could reduce flood hazard and expected losses by 5-40\%, depending on the region of the delta. On the contrary, the second option promoting the further extension of the areas protected by high-dyke to facilitate third rice crop planting on a larger area, tripled the current expected annual flood damage. This finding challenges the expected economic benefit of triple rice cultivation, in addition to the already known reducing of nutrient supply by floodplain sedimentation and thus higher costs for fertilizers. The economic benefits of the high-dyke and triple rice cropping system is further challenged by the changes in the flood dynamics to be expected in future. For the middle of the 21st century (2036-2065) the effective sea-level rise an increase of the inundation extent by 20-27\% was projected. This corresponds to an increase of flood damage to rice crops in dry, normal and wet year by USD 26.0, 40.0 and 82.0 million in dry, normal and wet year compared to the baseline period 1971-2000. Hydraulic simulations indicated that the planned massive development of hydropower dams in the Mekong Basin could potentially compensate the increase in flood hazard and agriculture losses stemming from climate change. However, the benefits of dams as mitigation of flood losses are highly uncertain, because a) the actual development of the dams is highly disputed, b) the operation of the dams is primarily targeted at power generation, not flood control, and c) this would require international agreements and cooperation, which is difficult to achieve in South-East Asia. The theoretical flood mitigation benefit is additionally challenged by a number of negative impacts of the dam development, e.g. disruption of floodplain inundation in normal, non-extreme flood years. Adding to the certain reduction of sediment and nutrient load to the floodplains, hydropower dams will drastically impair rice and agriculture production, the basis livelihoods of million delta inhabitants. In conclusion, the VMD is expected to face increasing threats of tidal induced floods in the coming decades. Protection of the entire delta coastline solely with "hard" engineering flood protection structures is neither technically nor economically feasible, adaptation and mitigation actions are urgently required. Better control and reduction of groundwater abstraction is thus strongly recommended as an immediate and high priority action to reduce the land subsidence and thus tidal flooding and salinity intrusion in the delta. Hydropower development in the Mekong basin might offer some theoretical flood protection for the Mekong delta, but due to uncertainties in the operation of the dams and a number of negative effects, the dam development cannot be recommended as a strategy for flood management. For the Vietnamese authorities, it is advisable to properly maintain the existing flood protection structures and to develop flexible risk-based flood management plans. In this context the study showed that the high-dyke compartments can be utilized for emergency flood management in extreme events. For this purpose, a reliable flood forecast is essential, and the action plan should be materialised in official documents and legislation to assure commitment and consistency in the implementation and operation.}, language = {en} }