@article{MoodleyBrufordBleidornetal.2009,
  author    = {Moodley, Yoshan and Bruford, Michael W. and Bleidorn, Christoph and Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin},
  title     = {Analysis of mitochondrial DNA data reveals non-monophyly in the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) complex},
  issn      = {1616-5047},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.mambio.2008.05.003},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ApioMuwanikaPlathetal.2009,
  author    = {Apio, Ann and Muwanika, Vincent B. and Plath, Martin and Wronski, Torsten},
  title     = {Seasonal variation in reproductive behaviour of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766) in an equatorial savannah ecosystem},
  issn      = {0141-6707},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01000.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {While several authors suggest that bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas) from tropical areas with an approximately bimodal rainfall pattern breed throughout the year, there is also a report of seasonal breeding in this species. In this study, we provide indirect evidence of seasonality in reproduction by analysing behavioural data (e.g. rates of mixed-sex sightings) in a population of bushbuck inhabiting an equatorial savannah ecosystem in western Uganda. Observation rates of mixed-sex sightings were correlated with rainfall patterns. We suggest that peaks in reproductive behaviour following the wet season may be advantageous if calves are born during the next wet season, when fresh vegetation is available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AverbeckApioPlathetal.2009,
  author    = {Averbeck, Christiane and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin and Wronski, Torsten},
  title     = {Environmental parameters and anthropogenic effects predicting the spatial distribution of wild ungulates in the Akagera savannah ecosystem},
  issn      = {0141-6707},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01076.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Savannah areas affected by human activities such as livestock keeping and agriculture are often characterized by shifts in landscape structuring, with a predominance of few(er) habitat types. This is typically accompanied by pronounced changes in the communities of ungulates. The aim of this study was to find out whether shifts in ungulate communities in Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP) are primarily predicted by an alteration in the composition of the preferred habitat types or if more complex interactions between habitat changes and the prevalence of ungulates occur. Monthly road counts were used to establish the number of eleven ungulate species in LMNP and adjacent unprotected Ankole Ranching Scheme. The common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia campbelliae Gray, 1843) was found in more abundance in disturbed areas, while showing a significant change in habitat use. Common duiker tended to use the vegetation type otherwise used by the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus dama Neumann, 1902). Our results support the claim that the occurrence of ungulates is not only directly affected by the availability of 'suitable' habitats, but behavioural plasticity and competitive exclusion also need to be considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WronskiApioPlath2009,
  author    = {Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin},
  title     = {Absence of a dominance hierarchy confirms territorial organization in male bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766)},
  issn      = {0141-6707},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00876.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {It has been suggested that all species of spiral-horned antelopes (Tragelaphini) lack territoriality. Furthermore, some authors suggested that bushbuck (Tragelpahus scriptus) males form dominance hierarchies. In this study, we investigated the dominance relationships in two groups of free-ranging bushbuck males in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Adult males dominated young-adult bachelors and subadult males, but no distinct dominance relationships were found among adult males. Landau's index of linearity revealed no linear dominance hierarchy in the study populations. Our results support the idea that adult males are territorial, and overt aggression is directed almost exclusively towards bachelors that challenge territory holders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WronskiApioPlathetal.2009,
  author    = {Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin and Averbeck, Christiane},
  title     = {Do ecotypes of bushbuck differ in grouping patterns?},
  issn      = {0873-9749},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10211-009-0058-5},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Grouping patterns within the genus Tragelaphus suggest that species inhabiting open areas tend to live in larger groups, while species preferring dense habitats live solitarily or in small family groups. We asked if similar variation would be concealed in the within-species variation of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). Recent molecular phylogeographic analyses revealed several locally adapted forms of bushbuck in different ecoregions on the African continent. We compared group sizes of south-eastern bushbuck (Tragelaphus sylvaticus) among six different populations ("ecotypes"). To date, most data on the social organization of bushbuck have been collected from only one population in Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in Uganda. This particular population, however, inhabits an unusual-comparatively open-habitat type, while bushbuck otherwise inhabit dense habitats, leaving doubt whether data collected in QENP are representative of the entire species. We, therefore, compared grouping patterns between ecotypes inhabiting rather open habitats (e.g., dianae and haywoodi) and ecotypes occupying rather dense habitats (e.g., massaicus and ornatus). In bachelor groups and in all-female (spinster) groups, single sightings were the most frequent "group type" in all populations examined. We detected no significant difference among ecotypes in relative frequencies of group size categories in the case of bachelor groups. Spinster group sizes were slightly (albeit significantly) smaller in QENP than in all other areas. Moreover, a comparison of two areas inside (low human pursuit) and outside Lake Mburo National Park (high hunting pressure) in Uganda revealed no significant difference in grouping patterns in response to human pursuit (as reported for impala [Aepyceros melampus] inhabiting the same area). Altogether, our results suggest that group sizes in bushbuck are not dependent on the habitat type they inhabit; neither does human nuisance have an impact on grouping patterns. Hence, an "almost solitary" lifestyle appears to be a characteristic of the entire taxon.},
  language  = {en}
}