@article{WickMoellerKruegeretal.2010, author = {Wick, Ditmar and M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kittel, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Analyse und Optimierung angriffsspezifischer Technikelemente : individuelle Bewegungsprofile von Spitzenjudoka}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{Wick2010, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Multidimensionale und komplexe Analyse kinematischer, dynamischer und elektromyographischer Daten im Jahresverlauf im Leistungsrudern (Skull, m{\"a}nnlich)}, year = {2010}, language = {de} } @article{BergmannMayWick2009, author = {Bergmann, Julian and May, Lars and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Stabilit{\"a}t sportlicher Begabung}, isbn = {978-3-88020-533-8}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{WickKruegerHohmann2005, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Hohmann, Andreas}, title = {Komplexe Bewegungsanalysen zum R{\"u}ckenstart bei nationalen Spitzenschwimmern}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Beobachtungen auf nationalem und internationalem Niveau haben ergeben, dass sich die Starttechnik in den letzten Jahren ver{\"a}ndert hat. So zeigen Analysen zum Zusammenhang von Block-, Flug- und Teilzeiten {\"u}ber 7,5; 10 und 15m und den erzielten Gesamtzeiten im 100-m-R{\"u}cken-schwimmen, dass k{\"u}rzere Startzeiten mit besseren Schwimmleistungen einher gehen (Cossor \& Mason, 2001). Insbesondere die Dauer der Flugzeit h{\"a}ngt negativ mit der Gesamtschwimmzeit zusammen, so dass die Flugzeit und -weite optimiert werden sollte.}, language = {de} } @book{WickOhlertKruegeretal.2005, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Hans Henning and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Thielscher, Wolfgang}, title = {Biomechanische Grundlagen sportlicher Bewegungen : Lehrbuch der Biomechanik}, publisher = {Spitta-Verl.}, address = {Balingen}, isbn = {3-934211-74-7}, pages = {188 S.}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{WickKruegerHohmann2003, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Hohmann, Andreas}, title = {Biomechanische Prinzipien als Kriterium der Effektivit{\"a}t von Grab- und Trackstart im Schwimmen}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Beobachtungen bei nationalen und internationalen Schwimmwettk{\"a}mpfen haben ergeben, dass sich die Starttechnik in den vergangenen Jahren zun{\"a}chst vom ehemals dominierenden Grabstart zum Trackstart ver{\"a}ndert hatte. Bei den Europameisterschaften 2002 in Berlin setzte jedoch eine Trendumkehr ein. An sieben Hochleistungsschwimmern wird untersucht, ob das biomechanische Prinzip der optimalen Tendenz im Beschleunigungsverlauf bei der Ausf{\"u}hrung von Grab- und Trackstarts optimal genutzt wird.}, language = {de} } @article{BergmannWick2009, author = {Bergmann, Julian and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Zusammenhang zwischen der Ruheherzschlagfrequenz und der motorischen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit}, isbn = {978- 3-88020-533-8}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{MayBergmannWick2009, author = {May, Lars and Bergmann, Julian and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Der Brandenburger "Talentpass" als Mittel der Begabungsf{\"o}rderung}, isbn = {978-3-88020-533-8}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{Wick2009, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Chancen des Schulsports beim Erkennen von Talenten}, isbn = {978-3-88020-533-8}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @book{WickOhlertKitteletal.2009, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Henning and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Fritzenberg, Martin and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Thielscher, Wolfgang}, title = {Biomechanik im Sport : Lehrbuch der biomechanischen Grundlagen sportlicher Bewegungen}, editor = {Wick, Ditmar}, publisher = {Spitta-Verl.}, address = {Balingen}, isbn = {978-3-938509-59-3}, pages = {295 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2008, author = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Srunk, Soeren and Rosenblum, Michael and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Movement profiles of the balance breaking (Kuzushi) of top judoka}, isbn = {978-3-8322-8390-2}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2009, author = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Sprunk, S{\"o}ren and Wick, Ditmar and Rosenblum, Michael}, title = {Movement profiles of the balance breaking (Kuzushi) of top judoka}, isbn = {978-3-8322-8390-2}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{MoellerKittelKruegeretal.2008, author = {M{\"o}ller, Sebastian and Kittel, Ren{\´e} and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Analyse und Optimierung angriffsspezifischer Technikelemente : individuelle Bewegungsprofile von Spitzenjudoka}, issn = {0946-8455}, year = {2008}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1994, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Sensomotorisches Gleichgewicht : ein Leistungsfaktor im Kanurennsport}, year = {1994}, language = {de} } @book{RodeGallinatHelmkeetal.1997, author = {Rode, J{\"u}rgen and Gallinat, Klaus and Helmke, Christa and Hoffmann, J{\"o}rg and Kr{\"u}ger, Detlef and Ohlert, Hans Henning and Wick, Ditmar and Ziezow, Ralf}, title = {Sportunterricht in der gymnasialen Oberstufe : themenorientierter Theorieunterricht im Fach Sport der Abiturstufe}, series = {Handreichungen / P{\"a}dagogisches Landesinstitut Brandenburg, Ludwigsfelden}, volume = {25}, journal = {Handreichungen / P{\"a}dagogisches Landesinstitut Brandenburg, Ludwigsfelden}, publisher = {Wissenschaft-und-Technik-Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-89685-700-2}, pages = {59 S.}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1997, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Konditionelle Voraussetzungen von Bundesanschlußkadern im Kanurennsport}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1997, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Sportliche Bewegungen m{\"u}ssen durch den Kopf zum K{\"o}rper}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1997, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {{\"U}ber- und Fehlbelastungen beim Sporttreiben}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1997, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Sportliche Leistungen werten und bewerten}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1997, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Sport und Physik}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1995, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Diagnostik von Kraftkomponenten im Nachwuchsleistungsbereich des Kanurennsports}, year = {1995}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1995, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Diagnostik leistungsbestimmender Faktoren im Nachwuchsbereich des Kanurennsports}, year = {1995}, language = {de} } @article{WickKruegerKracik1998, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Kracik, Peter}, title = {Bewegungswissenschaftliche Grundlagen von Drehbewegungen im Ger{\"a}tturnen}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{Wick1996, author = {Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Sind Kniebeuge gleich Kniebeuge?}, year = {1996}, language = {de} } @book{WickZiezow1995, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Ziezow, Ralf}, title = {Beeinflussung von Wirkungsmechanismen im sportlichen Leistungstraining junger Kanuten : trainingswissenschaftlicher Bestandteil des langfristigen Leistungsaufbaus bis zum DC-Kader : Forschungsbericht 1992 - 1994}, publisher = {Selbstverl. des Instituts f{\"u}r Sportwissenschaft}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {156 S.}, year = {1995}, language = {de} } @article{KruegerWick1998, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Trainingsbeeinflussung zur Schnellkraftentwicklung im Nachwuchsbereich Kanu}, issn = {0343-6586}, year = {1998}, language = {de} } @article{KruegerWick1999, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Wick, Ditmar}, title = {Entwicklung allgemeiner Kraftf{\"a}higkeiten in Verbindung mit Trainings- und Leistungsdaten am Beispiel junger Kanuten}, isbn = {3-88020-343-1}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{KruegerBeckmannFritzenbergetal.1999, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Beckmann, J{\"u}rgen and Fritzenberg, Martin and Kellmann, Michael and Wick, Ditmar and Ohlert, Hans Henning and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine}, title = {Beanspruchungs-, Erm{\"u}dungs-, Erholungs- und Regenerationsprozesse bei Leistungssportlern mit k{\"o}rperlicher Behinderung}, issn = {0343-6586}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{WickMartinKrueger1999, author = {Wick, Ditmar and Martin, Daniela and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom}, title = {Belastungen der unteren Extremit{\"a}ten bei der Stepaerobic und beim Slide}, isbn = {3-88020-341-5}, year = {1999}, language = {de} } @article{GolleMuehlbauerWicketal.2015, author = {Golle, Kathleen and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Wick, Ditmar and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Physical Fitness Percentiles of German Children Aged 9-12 Years}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {11}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, address = {Lawrence, Kan.}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0142393}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Generating percentile values is helpful for the identification of children with specific fitness characteristics (i.e., low or high fitness level) to set appropriate fitness goals (i.e., fitness/health promotion and/or long-term youth athlete development). Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to assess physical fitness development in healthy children aged 9-12 years and to compute sex- and age-specific percentile values. Methods Two-hundred and forty children (88 girls, 152 boys) participated in this study and were tested for their physical fitness. Physical fitness was assessed using the 50-m sprint test (i.e., speed), the 1-kg ball push test, the triple hop test (i.e., upper- and lower- extremity muscular power), the stand-and-reach test (i.e., flexibility), the star run test (i.e., agility), and the 9-min run test (i.e., endurance). Age- and sex-specific percentile values (i.e., P10 to P90) were generated using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Adjusted (for change in body weight, height, and baseline performance) age- and sex-differences as well as the interactions thereof were expressed by calculating effect sizes (Cohen's d). Results Significant main effects of Age were detected for all physical fitness tests (d = 0.40-1.34), whereas significant main effects of Sex were found for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.55), flexibility (d = 0.81), agility (d = 0.44), and endurance (d = 0.32) only. Further, significant Sex by Age interactions were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.36), flexibility (d = 0.61), and agility (d = 0.27) in favor of girls. Both, linear and curvilinear shaped curves were found for percentile values across the fitness tests. Accelerated (curvilinear) improvements were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (boys: 10-11 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), agility (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), and endurance (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-10 yrs). Tabulated percentiles for the 9-min run test indicated that running distances between 1,407-1,507 m, 1,479-1,597 m, 1,423-1,654 m, and 1,433-1,666 m in 9- to 12-year-old boys and 1,262-1,362 m, 1,329-1,434 m, 1,392-1,501 m, and 1,415-1,526 m in 9- to 12-year-old girls correspond to a "medium" fitness level (i.e., P40 to P60) in this population. Conclusions The observed differences in physical fitness development between boys and girls illustrate that age- and sex-specific maturational processes might have an impact on the fitness status of healthy children. Our statistical analyses revealed linear (e.g., lower-extremity muscular power) and curvilinear (e.g., agility) models of fitness improvement with age which is indicative of timed and capacity-specific fitness development pattern during childhood. Lastly, the provided age- and sex-specific percentile values can be used by coaches for talent identification and by teachers for rating/grading of children's motor performance.}, language = {en} } @article{GolleGranacherHoffmannetal.2014, author = {Golle, Kathleen and Granacher, Urs and Hoffmann, Martin and Wick, Ditmar and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas}, title = {Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children: a 4 year longitudinal study}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {14}, journal = {BMC public health}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-14-499}, pages = {8}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire. Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.}, language = {en} } @article{PrieskeWickGranacher2014, author = {Prieske, Olaf and Wick, Ditmar and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Intrasession and intersession reliability in maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {6}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, pages = {1771 -- 1777}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess intrasession and intersession reliability of maximal and explosive isometric torque production of the elbow flexors and its respective neuromuscular activation pattern. Subjects (13 men, age: 24.8 +/- 3.1 years, height: 1.9 +/- 0.1 m, body mass: 83.7 +/- 12.7 kg; and 6 women, age: 26.5 +/- 1.4 years, height: 1.7 +/- 0.1 m, body mass: 62.7 +/- 7.0 kg) were tested and retested 2-7 days later performing unilateral maximal isometric elbow flexions. Absolute (coefficient of variation[CV], test-retest variability[TRV], Bland-Altman plots with 95\% limits of agreement) and relative reliability statistics (intraclass correlation coefficient) were calculated for various mechanical (i.e., maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development, impulse) and electromyographical measures (i.e., mean average voltage) at different time intervals relative to onset of torque (i. e., 30, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 100-200 ms). Intraclass correlation coefficient values were >= 0.61 for all mechanical and electromyographical measures and time intervals indicating good to excellent intrasession and intersession reliability. BlandAltman plots confirmed these findings by showing that only 0-2 (<= 3.3\%) data points were beyond the limits of agreement. Regarding torque and electromyographic measures, CV (11.9-32.3\%) and TRV (18.4-53.8\%) values were high during the early intervals of torque development (<= 100 ms) indicating high variability. During the later intervals (>100 ms), lower CV (i. e., 5.0-29.9\%) and TRV values (i.e., 5.4-34.6\%) were observed indicating lower variability. The present study revealed that neuromuscular performance during explosive torque production of the elbow flexors is reproducible in time intervals >100 ms after onset of isometric actions, whereas during earlier time intervals variability is high.}, language = {en} } @article{GolleMuehlbauerWicketal.2015, author = {Golle, Kathleen and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Wick, Ditmar and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Physical Fitness Percentiles of German Children Aged 9-12 Years: Findings from a Longitudinal Study}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {11}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0142393}, pages = {17}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Generating percentile values is helpful for the identification of children with specific fitness characteristics (i. e., low or high fitness level) to set appropriate fitness goals (i. e., fitness/ health promotion and/or long-term youth athlete development). Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to assess physical fitness development in healthy children aged 9-12 years and to compute sex-and age-specific percentile values. Methods Two-hundred and forty children (88 girls, 152 boys) participated in this study and were tested for their physical fitness. Physical fitness was assessed using the 50-m sprint test (i. e., speed), the 1-kg ball push test, the triple hop test (i. e., upper-and lower-extremity muscular power), the stand-and-reach test (i. e., flexibility), the star run test (i. e., agility), and the 9-min run test (i. e., endurance). Age-and sex-specific percentile values (i. e., P-10 to P-90) were generated using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Adjusted (for change in body weight, height, and baseline performance) age-and sex-differences as well as the interactions thereof were expressed by calculating effect sizes (Cohen's d). Results Significant main effects of Age were detected for all physical fitness tests (d = 0.40-1.34), whereas significant main effects of Sex were found for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.55), flexibility (d = 0.81), agility (d = 0.44), and endurance (d = 0.32) only. Further, significant Sex by Age interactions were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.36), flexibility (d = 0.61), and agility (d = 0.27) in favor of girls. Both, linear and curvilinear shaped curves were found for percentile values across the fitness tests. Accelerated (curvilinear) improvements were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (boys: 10-11 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), agility (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), and endurance (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-10 yrs). Tabulated percentiles for the 9-min run test indicated that running distances between 1,407-1,507 m, 1,479-1,597 m, 1,423-1,654 m, and 1,433-1,666 m in 9-to 12-year-old boys and 1,262-1,362 m, 1,329-1,434 m, 1,392-1,501 m, and 1,415-1,526 m in 9-to 12-year-old girls correspond to a "medium" fitness level (i. e., P-40 to P-60) in this population. Conclusions The observed differences in physical fitness development between boys and girls illustrate that age- and sex-specific maturational processes might have an impact on the fitness status of healthy children. Our statistical analyses revealed linear (e. g., lower-extremity muscular power) and curvilinear (e. g., agility) models of fitness improvement with age which is indicative of timed and capacity-specific fitness development pattern during childhood. Lastly, the provided age-and sex-specific percentile values can be used by coaches for talent identification and by teachers for rating/ grading of children's motor performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{GolleGranacherHoffmannetal.2014, author = {Golle, Kathleen and Granacher, Urs and Hoffmann, Martin and Wick, Ditmar and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas}, title = {Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401418}, pages = {8}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire. Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.}, language = {en} } @misc{GolleMuehlbauerWicketal.2015, author = {Golle, Kathleen and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Wick, Ditmar and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Physical Fitness Percentiles of German Children Aged 9-12 Years}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86613}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Generating percentile values is helpful for the identification of children with specific fitness characteristics (i.e., low or high fitness level) to set appropriate fitness goals (i.e., fitness/health promotion and/or long-term youth athlete development). Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to assess physical fitness development in healthy children aged 9-12 years and to compute sex- and age-specific percentile values. Methods Two-hundred and forty children (88 girls, 152 boys) participated in this study and were tested for their physical fitness. Physical fitness was assessed using the 50-m sprint test (i.e., speed), the 1-kg ball push test, the triple hop test (i.e., upper- and lower- extremity muscular power), the stand-and-reach test (i.e., flexibility), the star run test (i.e., agility), and the 9-min run test (i.e., endurance). Age- and sex-specific percentile values (i.e., P10 to P90) were generated using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Adjusted (for change in body weight, height, and baseline performance) age- and sex-differences as well as the interactions thereof were expressed by calculating effect sizes (Cohen's d). Results Significant main effects of Age were detected for all physical fitness tests (d = 0.40-1.34), whereas significant main effects of Sex were found for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.55), flexibility (d = 0.81), agility (d = 0.44), and endurance (d = 0.32) only. Further, significant Sex by Age interactions were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.36), flexibility (d = 0.61), and agility (d = 0.27) in favor of girls. Both, linear and curvilinear shaped curves were found for percentile values across the fitness tests. Accelerated (curvilinear) improvements were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (boys: 10-11 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), agility (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-11 yrs), and endurance (boys: 9-10 yrs; girls: 9-10 yrs). Tabulated percentiles for the 9-min run test indicated that running distances between 1,407-1,507 m, 1,479-1,597 m, 1,423-1,654 m, and 1,433-1,666 m in 9- to 12-year-old boys and 1,262-1,362 m, 1,329-1,434 m, 1,392-1,501 m, and 1,415-1,526 m in 9- to 12-year-old girls correspond to a "medium" fitness level (i.e., P40 to P60) in this population. Conclusions The observed differences in physical fitness development between boys and girls illustrate that age- and sex-specific maturational processes might have an impact on the fitness status of healthy children. Our statistical analyses revealed linear (e.g., lower-extremity muscular power) and curvilinear (e.g., agility) models of fitness improvement with age which is indicative of timed and capacity-specific fitness development pattern during childhood. Lastly, the provided age- and sex-specific percentile values can be used by coaches for talent identification and by teachers for rating/grading of children's motor performance.}, language = {en} }