@article{WalzBaumannKrachetal.2006,
  author    = {Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto and Krach, Christian and Baumann, Arnd and Blenau, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The aminergic control of cockroach salivary glands},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The acinar salivary glands of cockroaches receive a dual innervation from the subesophageal ganglion and the stomatogastric nervous system. Acinar cells are surrounded by a plexus of dopaminergic and serotonergic varicose fibers. In addition, seroton-ergic terminals lie deep in the extracellulor spaces between acinar cells. Excitation-secretion coupling in cockroach salivary glands is stimulated by both dopamine and serotonin. These monoamines cause increases in the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and Ca2+. Stimulation of the glands by serotonin results in the production of a protein-rich saliva, whereas stimulation by dopamine results in saliva that is protein-free. Thus, two elementary secretary processes, namely electrolyte/water secretion and protein secretion, are triggered by different aminergic transmitters. Because of its simplicity and experimental accessibility, cockroach salivary glands have been used extensively as a model system to study the cellular actions of biogenic amines and to examine the pharmacological properties of biogenic amine receptors. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the aminergic control of cockroach salivary glands and discuss our efforts to characterize Periplaneta biogenic amine receptors molecularly},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ScheweSchmaelzlinWalz2008,
  author    = {Schewe, Bettina and Schmaelzlin, Elmar and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Intracellular pH homeostasis and serotonin-induced pH changes in Calliphora salivary glands : the contribution of V-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DamesZimmermannSchmidtetal.2006,
  author    = {Dames, Petra and Zimmermann, Bernhard and Schmidt, Ruth and Rein, Julia and Voss, Martin and Schewe, Bettina and Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto},
  title     = {cAMP regulates plasma membrane vacuolar-type H+-ATPase assembly and activity in blowfly salivary glands},
  issn      = {0027-8424},
  doi       = {10.1073/pnas.0600011103},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Reversible assembly of the V0V1 holoenzyme from V-0 and V-1 subcomplexes is a widely used mechanism for regulation of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) in animal cells. in the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) salivary gland, V- ATPase is located in the apical membrane of the secretory cells and energizes the secretion of a KCl-rich saliva in response to the hormone serotonin. We have examined whether the CAMP pathway, known to be activated by serotonin, controls V-ATPase assembly and activity. Fluorescence measurements of pH changes at the luminal surface of isolated glands demonstrate that CAMP, Sp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, or forskolin, similar to serotonin, cause V-ATPase-dependent luminal acidification. In addition, V-ATPase-dependent ATP hydrolysis increases upon treatment with these agents. Immunofluorescence microscopy and pelleting assays have demonstrated further that V, components become translocated from the cytoplasm to the apical membrane and V-ATPase holoenzymes are assembled at the apical membrane during conditions that increase intracellular cAMP. Because these actions occur without a change in cytosolic Ca2+, our findings suggest that the cAMP pathway mediates the reversible assembly and activation of V-ATPase molecules at the apical membrane upon hormonal stimulus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RietdorfBlenauWalz2005,
  author    = {Rietdorf, Katja and Blenau, Wolfgang and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Protein secretion in cockroach salivary glands requires an increase in intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ concentrations},
  issn      = {0022-1910},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The salivary glands in the cockroach Periplaneta americana secrete protein-containing saliva when stimulated by serotonin (5-HT) and protein-free saliva upon dopamine stimulation. In order to obtain information concerning the signalling pathways involved in 5-HT-induced protein secretion, we have determined the protein content of saliva secreted after experimental manipulations that potentially elevate intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide concentrations in isolated glands. We have found that 5-HT stimulates the rate of protein secretion in a dose-dependent manner (threshold: 3 x 10(-8) M; EC50 1.5 x 10(-6) M). The maximal rate of 5-HT-induced protein secretion was 2.2 +/- 0.2 mu g/min. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ or cAMP by bath application of ionomycin (5 mu M), db cAMP (10 mM), forskolin (100 mu M) or IBMX (100 mu M), respectively, stimulated protein secretion at significantly lower rates, whereas db cGMP (1 mM) did not activate protein secretion. The high rates and the kinetics of 5-HT-induced protein secretion could only be mimicked by either applying forskolin together with IBMX (with or without ionomycin) or by applying IBMX together with ionomycin. Our measurements suggest that 5-HT-induced protein secretion is mediated by an elevation of [cAMP](i) and that Ca2+ may function as a co-agonist and augment the rate of protein secretion. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HilleWalz2006,
  author    = {Hille, Carsten and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Dopamine-induced graded intracellular Ca2+ elevation via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger operating in the Ca2+-entry mode in cockroach salivary ducts},
  issn      = {0143-4160},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ceca.2005.11.006},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Stimulation with the neurotransmitter dopamine causes an amplitude-modulated increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) in epithelial cells of the ducts of cockroach salivary glands. This is completely attributable to a Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. Additionally, dopamine induces a massive [Na+](i) elevation via the Na+- K+-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC). We have reasoned that Ca2+-entry is mediated by the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCE) operating in the Ca2+-entry mode. To test this hypothesis, [Ca2+](i) and [Na+](i) were measured by using the fluorescent dyes Fura- 2, Fluo-3, and SBFI. Inhibition of Na+-entry from the extracellular space by removal of extracellular Na+ or inhibition of the NKCC by 10 mu M bumetanide did not influence resting [Ca2+]i but completely abolished the dopamine-induced [Ca2+](i) elevation. Simultaneous recordings of [Ca2+](i) and [Na+](i) revealed that the dopamine-induced [Na+](i) elevation preceded the [Ca2+](i) elevation. During dopamine stimulation, the generation of an outward Na+ concentration gradient by removal of extracellular Na+ boosted the [Ca2+](i) elevation. Furthermore, prolonging the dopamine-induced [Na+](i) rise by blocking the Na+/K+-ATPase reduced the recovery from [Ca2+](i) elevation. These results indicate that dopamine induces a massive NKCC-mediated elevation in [Na+](i), which reverses the NCE activity into the reverse mode causing a graded [Ca2+](i) elevation in the duct cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaumannKuehnelDamesetal.2004,
  author    = {Baumann, Otto and K{\"u}hnel, Dana and Dames, Petra and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Dopaminergic and serotonergic innervation of cockroach salivary glands : distribution and morphology of synapses and release sites},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The paired salivary glands in the cockroach are composed of acini with ion-transporting peripheral P-cells and protein-secreting central C-cells, and a duct system for the modification of the primary saliva. Secretory activity is controlled by serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons, whose axons form a dense plexus on the glands. The spatial relationship of release sites for serotonin and dopamine to the various cell types was determined by anti-synapsin immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. Every C-cell apparently has only serotonergic synapses on its surface. Serotonergic and dopaminergic fibres on the acini have their release zones at a distance of similar to0.5 mum from the P-cells. Nerves between acinar lobules may serve as neurohaemal organs and contain abundant dopaminergic and few serotonergic release sites. Some dopaminergic and serotonergic release sites reside in the duct epithelium, the former throughout the duct system, the latter only in segments next to acini. These findings are consistent with the view that C-cells respond exclusively to serotonin, P-cells to serotonin and dopamine, and most duct cells only to dopamine. Moreover, the data suggest that C-cells are stimulated by serotonin released close to their surface, whereas P-cells and most duct cells are exposed to serotonin/dopamine liberated at some distance},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DamesSchmidtWalzetal.2004,
  author    = {Dames, Petra and Schmidt, R. and Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto},
  title     = {Regulation of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (vATPase) in blowfly salivary glands},
  issn      = {0171-9335},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MargWalzBlenau2004,
  author    = {Marg, S. and Walz, Bernd and Blenau, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The effects of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on the secretory rate of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) salivary glands},
  issn      = {0022-1910},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The acinar salivary glands of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, are innervated by dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve fibers. Serotonin stimulates the secretion of protein-rich saliva, whereas dopamine causes the production of protein-free saliva. This suggests that dopamine acts selectively on ion-transporting peripheral cells within the acini and the duct cells, and that serotonin acts on the protein-producing central cells of the acini. We have investigated the pharmacology of the dopamine-induced secretory activity of the salivary gland of Periplaneta americana by testing several dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists. The effects of dopamine can be mimicked by the non-selective dopamine receptor agonist 6,7-ADTN and, less effectively, by the vertebrate D1 receptor-selective agonist chloro-APB. The vertebrate D1 receptor-selective agonist SKF 38393 and vertebrate D2 receptor-selective agonist R(-)- TNPA were ineffective. R(+)-Lisuride induces a secretory response with a slower onset and a lower maximal response compared with dopamine-induced secretion. However, lisuride-stimulated glands continue secreting saliva, even after lisuride-washout. Dopamine-induced secretions can be blocked by the vertebrate dopamine receptor antagonists cis(Z)- flupenthixol, chlorpromazine, and S(+)-butaclamol. Our pharmacological data do not unequivocally indicate whether the dopamine receptors on the Periplaneta salivary glands belong to the D1 or D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors, but we can confirm that the pharmacology of invertebrate dopamine receptors is remarkably different from that of their vertebrate counterparts. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtWalz2004,
  author    = {Schmidt, R. and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Serotonin and histamine produce different spatiotemporal Ca2+ signals in blowfly salivary glands},
  issn      = {0171-9335},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZimmermannDamesWalzetal.2003,
  author    = {Zimmermann, Bernhard and Dames, Petra and Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto},
  title     = {Distribution and serotonin-induced activation of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase in the salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaumannDamesKuehneletal.2002,
  author    = {Baumann, Otto and Dames, Petra and K{\"u}hnel, Dana and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Distribution of serotonergic and dopaminergic nerve fibers in the salivary gland complex of the cockroach Periplaneta americana},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AstMuellerFlehretal.2011,
  author    = {Ast, Sandra and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Flehr, Roman and Klamroth, Tillmann and Walz, Bernd and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {High Na+ and K+-induced fluorescence enhancement of a pi-conjugated phenylaza-18-crown-6-triazol-substituted coumarin fluoroionophore},
  series = {Chemical communications},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Chemical communications},
  number    = {16},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1359-7345},
  doi       = {10.1039/c0cc04370b},
  pages     = {4685 -- 4687},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The new pi-conjugated 1,2,3-triazol-1,4-diyl fluoroionophore 1 generated via Cu(I) catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition shows high fluorescence enhancement factors (FEF) in the presence of Na+ (FEF = 58) and K+ (FEF = 27) in MeCN and high selectivity towards K+ under simulated physiological conditions (160 mM K+ or Na+, respectively) with a FEF of 2.5 for K+.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VossFechnerWalzetal.2010,
  author    = {Voss, Martin and Fechner, Lennart and Walz, Bernd and Baumann, Otto},
  title     = {Calcineurin activity augments cAMP/PKA-dependent activation of V-ATPase in blowfly salivary glands},
  issn      = {0363-6143},
  doi       = {10.1152/ajpcell.00328.2009},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {We have examined the role of the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in the regulation of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in blowfly salivary glands. In response to the neurohormone serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and under the mediation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, the secretory cells assemble and activate V-ATPase molecules at the apical membrane. We demonstrate that the inhibition of calcineurin activity by cyclosporin A, by FK- 506, or by prevention of the elevation of Ca2+ diminishes the 5-HT-induced assembly and activation of V-ATPase. The effect of calcineurin on V-ATPase is mediated by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, with calcineurin acting upstream of PKA, because 1) cyclosporin A does not influence the 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-CPT-cAMP)-induced activation of V-ATPase, and 2) the 5-HT-induced rise in cAMP is highly reduced in the presence of cyclosporin A. Moreover, a Ca2+ rise evoked by the sarco(endo) plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration and a calcineurin-mediated PKA- dependent activation of V-ATPase. We propose that calcineurin activity mediates cross talk between the inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate/Ca2+ and the cAMP/PKA signaling pathways, thereby augmenting the 5-HT-induced rise in cAMP and thus the cAMP/PKA-mediated activation of V-ATPase.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FechnerBaumannWalz2013,
  author    = {Fechner, Lennart and Baumann, Otto and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Activation of the cyclic AMP pathway promotes serotonin-induced Ca2+ oscillations in salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina},
  series = {Cell calcium},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Cell calcium},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Churchill Livingstone},
  address   = {Edinburgh},
  issn      = {0143-4160},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ceca.2012.10.004},
  pages     = {94 -- 101},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Ca2+ and cAMP signalling pathways interact in a complex manner at multiple sites. This crosstalk fine-tunes the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ and cAMP signals. In salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina fluid secretion is stimulated by serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) via activation of two different 5-HT receptors coupled to the InsP(3)/Ca2+ (Cv5-HT2 alpha) or the cAMP pathway (Cv5-HT7), respectively. We have shown recently in permeabilized gland cells that cAMP sensitizes InsP(3)-induced Ca2+ release to InsP(3). Here we study the effects of the CAMP signalling pathway on 5-HT-induced oscillations in transepithelial potential (TEP) and in intracellular [Ca2+]. We show: (1) Blocking the activation of the cAMP pathway by cinanserin suppresses the generation of TEP and Ca2+ oscillations, (2) application of 8-CPT-cAMP in the presence of cinanserin restores 5-HT-induced TEP and Ca2+ oscillations, (3) 8-CPT-cAMP sensitizes the InsP(3)/Ca2+ signalling pathway to 5-HT and the Cv5-HT2 alpha, receptor agonist 5-MeOT, (4) 8-CPT-cAMP induces Ca2+ oscillations in cells loaded with subthreshold concentrations of InsP(3), (5) inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89 abolishes 5-HT-induced TEP and Ca2+ spiking and mimics the effect of cinanserin. These results suggest that activation of the cyclic AMP pathway promotes the generation of 5-HT-induced Ca2+ oscillations in blowfly salivary glands.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JustWalz1996,
  author    = {Just, Frank and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {The effects of serotonin and dopamine on salivary secretion by isolated cockroach salivary glands},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JustWalz1994,
  author    = {Just, Frank and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Immunocytochemical localization of Na+/K+-ATPase and V-H+-ATPase in the salivary glands of the cockroach, periplaneta americana},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JustWalz1994,
  author    = {Just, Frank and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Localization of carbonic-anhydrase in the salivary-glands of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana},
  issn      = {0301-5564},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WalzZimmermannSeidl1994,
  author    = {Walz, Bernd and Zimmermann, Bernhard and Seidl, Siegfried},
  title     = {Intracellular Ca2+ concentration and latency of light-induced Ca2+ changes in photoreceptors of the honeybee drone},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AschenbrennerWalz1998,
  author    = {Aschenbrenner, Stefan and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Pleated septate junctions in leech photoreceptors : ultrastructure, arrangement of septa, gate and fence functions},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StuermerBaumannWalz1995,
  author    = {St{\"u}rmer, Karoline and Baumann, Otto and Walz, Bernd},
  title     = {Actin-dependent light-induced translocation of mitochondria and ER cisternae in the photoreceptor cells of the locust schistocerca gregaria},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}