@article{StadlerSpringerParkinsonetal.2012,
  author    = {Stadler, Waltraud and Springer, Anne and Parkinson, Jim and Prinz, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Movement kinematics affect action prediction comparing human to non-human point-light actions},
  series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0340-0727},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-012-0431-2},
  pages     = {395 -- 406},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The influence of movement kinematics on the accuracy of predicting the time course of another individual's actions was studied. A human point-light shape was animated with human movement (natural condition) and with artificial movement that was more uniform regarding velocity profiles and trajectories (artificial condition). During brief occlusions, the participants predicted the actions in order to judge after occlusion whether the actions were continued coherently in time or shifted to an earlier or later frame. Error rates and reaction times were increased in the artificial compared to the natural condition. The findings suggest a perceptual advantage for movement with a human velocity profile, corresponding to the notion of a close interaction between observed and executed movement. The results are discussed in the framework of the simulation account and alternative interpretations are provided on the basis of correlations between the velocity profiles of natural and artificial movements with prediction performance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ParkinsonSpringerPrinz2012,
  author    = {Parkinson, Jim and Springer, Anne and Prinz, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Before, during and after you disappear: aspects of timing and dynamic updating of the real-time action simulation of human motions},
  series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0340-0727},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-012-0422-3},
  pages     = {421 -- 433},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The detailed dynamics of action simulation was investigated using the occluder paradigm: a point light actor (PLA) was shown, then briefly occluded from view, during which period action simulation was generated. Following occlusion, the PLA reappeared, either a progression of the motion as it should be post-occlusion or temporally shifted earlier/later. Participants made judgements on whether the reappearing PLA was too early or too late to be a correct continuation (Experiments 1 and 3) or whether it was a veridical continuation or not (Experiment 2). Over three experiments we asked how action simulation is affected by motion information before, during and after occlusion. Reducing motion presented before occlusion retained the accuracy of action simulation judgements. Presenting 4 frames (67 ms) of PLA motion during the occluder duration dynamically updates or altogether regenerates the action simulation. Reducing the duration of the test motion after the occluder decreases judgement precision, which we interpret as a limitation in the process of postdictive motion judgments. Overall, this is further evidence that the action simulation process is remarkably adapted to making human motion predictions.},
  language  = {en}
}