@article{Scianna2019, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Rebuilding an Austrian Army}, series = {War in History}, volume = {26}, journal = {War in History}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0968-3445}, doi = {10.1177/0968344516682057}, pages = {105 -- 123}, year = {2019}, abstract = {After the Second World War, a new Austrian Army (the Bundesheer) was formed to guarantee the country's armed neutrality. But the period between 1938 and 1945 remained a point of contention. While some Austrian officers had been sidelined, the majority had served in the Wehrmacht and thus shared experiences and soldierly values. As Cold War realities necessitated a professional experienced army, a group around Erwin Fussenegger (1908-1986) dominated the new Bundesheer and contemplations about reforming the military culture and value system were postponed; while at the same time, the Bundesheer managed to prevent becoming a mere continuation of the Wehrmacht.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2019, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Stuck in the past?}, series = {War \& Society}, volume = {38}, journal = {War \& Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0729-2473}, doi = {10.1080/07292473.2019.1524347}, pages = {41 -- 56}, year = {2019}, abstract = {After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army's low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones.}, language = {en} } @misc{Scianna2021, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Book Review: Goeschel, Christian: Mussolini and Hitler - The forging of the fascist alliance and Adolf Hitler. - Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 2018; X + 400 pp. - ISBN: 978-0-30017-883-8. - Schieder, Wolfgang: Adolf Hitler. Politischer Zauberlehrling Mussolinis. - De Gruyter Oldenbourg: Berlin, 2017; VIII + 228 pp.: ISBN: 978-3-11052-975-3}, series = {War in history}, volume = {28}, journal = {War in history}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-0-30017-883-8}, issn = {0968-3445}, doi = {10.1177/0968344520979471d}, pages = {228 -- 229}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{Scianna2018, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Rezension zu: Campbell, Ian: The Addis Ababa Massacre: Italy's National Shame}, series = {Journal of Military History}, volume = {82}, journal = {Journal of Military History}, number = {3}, publisher = {Society Military History}, address = {Lexington}, issn = {0899-3718}, pages = {983 -- 984}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2018, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {A prelude to total war?}, series = {International Journal of Military History and Historiography}, volume = {38}, journal = {International Journal of Military History and Historiography}, number = {1}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {2468-3299}, doi = {10.1163/24683302-03801001}, pages = {5 -- 33}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The conflict between Italy and Ethiopia in 1935-36 has been framed as a prelude to the Second World War and as a watershed towards 'Total War'. One perspective has so far been neglected: the assessments of foreign military observers. This article examines American, British, German, and Austrian views on the operations and thereby also analyses the mindset of European officers at the time. The core argument emerging from these reports is that the war was perceived as a rather 'normal' colonial conflict. Neither the use of gas, nor the employment of aircraft against civilians was seen as a taboo or created significant outrage among the military observers. Instead, they lauded the Italians' steady logistical efforts and employment of artillery and airpower to overcome nature and the enemy's resistance.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2019, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {A predisposition to brutality?}, series = {Small wars and insurgencies}, volume = {30}, journal = {Small wars and insurgencies}, number = {4-5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0959-2318}, doi = {10.1080/09592318.2019.1638551}, pages = {968 -- 993}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-a-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2018, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Rommel Almighty?}, series = {The Journal of Military History}, volume = {82}, journal = {The Journal of Military History}, number = {1}, publisher = {Society for Military History}, address = {Lexington}, issn = {0899-3718}, pages = {125 -- 145}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Erwin Rommel is by any standard a mythical figure. He has been the subject of countless studies in English and German. However, the "Italian side of the hill" has been largely neglected, despite the fact that the foundation of the myth around him lies in the North African campaign, where, after all, thousands of soldiers of the Italian army fought alongside the african campaign, where, after all, thousands of soldiers of the Italian army fought along-side the Afrika Korps. This article will provide an Italian view of the "Desert Fox," using new primary material that provides insights into Italian assessments during the war. A major source is material gathered by way of eavesdropping by British intelligence on Italian officers held as POWs in Cairo and in England.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2018, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {A Blueprint for Successful Peacekeeping?}, series = {The international history review}, volume = {41}, journal = {The international history review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0707-5332}, doi = {10.1080/07075332.2018.1431804}, pages = {650 -- 672}, year = {2018}, abstract = {On 6 June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon to fight the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). Between August 1982 and February 1984, the US, France, Britain and Italy deployed a Multinational Force (MNF) to Beirut. Its task was to act as an interposition force to bolster the government and to bring peace to the people. The mission is often forgotten or merely remembered in context with the bombing of US Marines' barracks. However, an analysis of the Italian contingent shows that the MNF was not doomed to fail and could accomplish its task when operational and diplomatic efforts were coordinated. The Italian commander in Beirut, General Franco Angioni, followed a successful approach that sustained neutrality, respectful behaviour and minimal force, which resulted in a qualified success of the Italian efforts.}, language = {en} } @article{Scianna2019, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {Forging an Italian hero?}, series = {European Review of History: Revue europ{\´e}enne d'histoire}, volume = {26}, journal = {European Review of History: Revue europ{\´e}enne d'histoire}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1350-7486}, doi = {10.1080/13507486.2018.1492520}, pages = {369 -- 385}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Over the last two decades, Amedeo Guillet (1909-2010) has been turned into a public and military hero. His exploits as a guerrilla leader in Italian East Africa in 1941 have been exaggerated to forge a narrative of an honourable resistance against overwhelming odds. Thereby, Guillet has been showcased as a romanticized colonial explorer who was an apolitical and timeless Italian officer. He has been compared to Lawrence of Arabia in order to raise his international visibility, while his genuine Italian brand is perpetuated domestically. By elevating him to an official role model, the Italian Army has gained a focal point for military heroism that was also acceptable in the public memory as the embodiment of a 'glorious' defeat narrative.}, language = {en} } @misc{Scianna2019, author = {Scianna, Bastian Matteo}, title = {A predisposition to brutality?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, number = {165}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43421}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434218}, pages = {968 -- 993}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The German Sonderweg thesis has been discarded in most research fields. Yet in regards to the military, things differ: all conflicts before the Second World War are interpreted as prelude to the war of extermination between 1939-1945. This article specifically looks at the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 and German behaviour vis-{\`a}-vis regular combatants, civilians and irregular guerrilla fighters, the so-called francs-tireurs. The author argues that the counter-measures were not exceptional for nineteenth century warfare and also shows how selective reading of the existing secondary literature has distorted our view on the war.}, language = {en} }