@article{PietzFaetkenheuerBurgardetal.1997, author = {Pietz, J. and F{\"a}tkenheuer, Brigitte and Burgard, P. and Armbruster, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Psychiatric disorders in adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2007, author = {Laucht, Michael and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Problems of behavioral and emotional regulation in early infancy : precursors of psychiatric disorders in later childhood?}, isbn = {978-1-934019-17-7}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.2001, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard}, title = {Prevalence, course and risk factors for mental disorders in young adults and their parents in East and West Germany}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{EsserSchmidt1996, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Prevalence, course and risk factors for mental disorders}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study}, series = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0196-206X}, doi = {10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474}, pages = {18 -- 26}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselBaldusSchmidtetal.2016, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Baldus, Christiane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Thomasius, Rainer and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study}, series = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, volume = {163}, journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Clare}, issn = {0376-8716}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.012}, pages = {251 -- 255}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n = 307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire. Results: At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n = 28 participants (9.1\%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2002, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Motorische, kognitive und sozial-emotionale Entwicklung von 11j{\"a}hrigen mit fr{\"u}hkindlichen Risikobelastungen: sp{\"a}te Folgen}, issn = {0301-6811}, year = {2002}, language = {de} } @article{ZohselBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2014, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {55}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/jcpp.12138}, pages = {69 -- 76}, year = {2014}, abstract = {ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{BuchmannHolzBoeckerSchlieretal.2014, author = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {24}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001}, pages = {837 -- 845}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidBuchmannTrautmannVillalbaetal.2013, author = {Schmid, Brigitte and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Maternal stimulation in infancy predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in young men}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {120}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-013-0970-8}, pages = {1247 -- 1257}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Evidence from animal research has demonstrated the effect of early maternal care on the offspring's endocrine and behavioral stress response in adulthood. The present prospective study investigates, in humans, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother-child interaction on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in adulthood. The data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a 10-min standardized nursing and playing situation and evaluated by trained raters for maternal stimulation and infant and maternal responsiveness. At age 19 years, 270 participants (146 females, 124 males) completed the Trier Social Stress Test. The results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction at age 3 months predicted diminished plasma ACTH and cortisol increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in male, but not female offspring. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was found to be unrelated to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reactivity. In accordance with the findings from animal research, the present study provides prospective evidence in humans of a long-term association between early maternal interaction behavior and the offspring's hormonal stress response in young adulthood, suggesting that poor maternal stimulation in early infancy may result in reduced HPA axis reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor in males.}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserBoecketal.1999, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Boeck, K. and Fischer, Andreas W. and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Maladaptive coping strategies : antecedents, correlates or consequences of mental disorders?}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {L{\"a}ngsschnittforschung zur Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen : Zielsetzung, Konzeption und zentrale Befunde der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Zur Erforschung der Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen gilt die prospektive Untersuchung von Risikogruppen als K{\"o}nigsweg. Fragestellung: Beschreibung der Entwicklungsmuster von Kindern mit fr{\"u}hen Belastungen, Ermittlung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Entwicklungsresultate und Identifikation von Mechanismen, die differentiellen Verl{\"a}ufen zugrunde liegen. Methode: In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie (mit Erhebungswellen im Alter von 0;3, 2, 4 , 8 und 11 Jahren) wurden die Entstehung und der Verlauf von Entwicklungs- und Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen bei 384 Kindern untersucht. Organische (pr{\"a}- und perinatale Komplikationen) und psychosoziale Risiken (famili{\"a}re Belastungen) wurden in einem zwei- faktoriellen Design variiert. Ergebnisse: Die negativen Folgen fr{\"u}her Risiken waren bis zum Schulalter nachweisbar. W{\"a}hrend organische Risiken vor allem die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung beeintr{\"a}chtigten, konzentrierten sich die Auswirkungen psychosozialer Belastungen auf kognitive und sozial-emotionale Funktionen. Beide Risiken addierten sich in ihren negativen Konsequenzen. Schlussfolgerungen: Fr{\"u}hkindliche Risiken haben spezifische und langfristige Auswirkungen. Kinder mit multiplen Risikobelastungen sind in ihrer Entwicklung am st{\"a}rksten gef{\"a}hrdet.}, language = {de} } @article{VianaWackermannFurtadoEsseretal.2006, author = {Viana-Wackermann, Paula C. and Furtado, Erikson F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Lower P300 amplitude in eight-year-old offspring of alcoholic fathers with a delinquent history}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-006-0709-8}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate the P300 amplitude as a possible vulnerability marker in children of alcoholic (COA) fathers with and without paternal delinquency. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of 122 children aged 8 years (63 boys, 59 girls) were compared depending on father's alcoholism subtype: 30 COAs without paternal delinquency, 10 COAs with paternal delinquency, and 82 children of non-alcoholic and non-delinquent fathers. ERPs were recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz, using an auditory oddball paradigm. Sinus tones of 60 dB HL were presented binaurally at 1,000 Hz (standard stimulus) and 2,000 Hz (target stimulus), at a relative frequency ratio of 80:20. Two trial blocks of 250 stimuli each were collected. Results indicated that only COAs with paternal delinquency displayed significant differences from the control group, characterized by reduced P300 amplitude at frontal site and in the second trial block. Thus, the combination of fathers' alcoholism and delinquency was more likely to relate to attenuated P300 amplitude in the offspring than paternal alcoholism alone. Our results suggest that both alcoholic and delinquent family history appear to play a role in P300 amplitude reduction in the offspring.}, language = {en} } @article{IhleEsserSchmidt1997, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Lebensereignisse : Ursache oder Folge von psychischen St{\"o}rungen.}, year = {1997}, language = {de} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000233}, pages = {203 -- 209}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.}, language = {de} } @article{LayIhleEsseretal.2005, author = {Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Juvenile-episodic, continued or adult-onset delinquency? Risk conditions analysed in a cohort of children followed up to the age of 25 years}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{HomBlomeyerSchmidtetal.2007, author = {Hom, Erika and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Jugendliche die fr{\"u}hzeitig rauchen und trinken : eine Risikogruppe?}, issn = {1661-4747}, doi = {10.1024/1661-4747.55.3.155}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Epidemiological studies have reported elevated rates of legal drug consumption among adolescents in Germany. The aim of this study was to ascertain patterns and parameters of smoking and drinking in early-users as well as to examine possible determinants of risky patterns of use. Participants were from a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children at risk. Assessments of adolescent drug consumption as well as of individual and social determinants were obtained at age 15. Adolescents drinking and smoking during the same period (past four weeks) were characterized by more excessive and impulsive consumption and by higher rates of cannabis use. No specific determinants of concurrent use could be found. These findings suggest that adolescents displaying early concurrent tobacco and alcohol use may be at higher risk for substance use problems and should be targeted by prevention programs.}, language = {de} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Reitschelb, Marcel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2013, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults findings from a longitudinal study}, series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {23}, journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-977X}, doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.002}, pages = {358 -- 367}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Accumulating research suggests a moderating role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) in the association between childhood adversity and adult depression. The present study aims to replicate recent findings using different genetic variants and measures of early adversity assessed both prospectively and retrospectively. Data were collected in the context of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. 300 participants (137 males, 163 females) were genotyped for four CRHR1 SNPs (rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, and rs17689882) and completed the Beck Depression Inventory at ages 19, 22 and 23 years. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. Our results indicate that CRHR1 and childhood adversity interacted to predict depressive symptoms in young adults. Specifically, we found that the impact of childhood maltreatment on adult depressive symptoms was significantly higher in individuals (i) with two copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype, and (ii) homozygous for the G allele of rs17689882. The interaction was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report, but not to prospectively ascertain objective family adversity. The present study partially replicates recent findings of a CRHR1 by childhood adversity interaction with regard to adult depression highlighting the subjective characteristics of the environmental pathogen that is operative in this interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckerElFaddaghSchmidtetal.2008, author = {Becker, Katja and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms}, issn = {0022-3476}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Objective To demonstrate that children homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphism who were exposed to maternal prenatal smoke exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than children without these environmental or genetic risks. Study design We performed a prospective longitudinal study from birth into early adulthood monitoring the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Maternal prenatal smoking was determined during a standardized interview with the mother when the child was 3 months old. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents participated in genotyping for the DAT1 40 base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and assessment of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder symptoms with die Kiddie- Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Results There was no bivariate association between DAT1 genotype, prenatal smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, a significant interaction between DAT1 genotype and prenatal smoke exposure emerged (P =.012), indicating that males with prenatal smoke exposure who were homozygous for the DAT1 10r allele had higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than males from all other groups. In females, no significant main effects of DAT1 genotype or prenatal smoke exposure or interaction effects on any symptoms were evident (all P >.25). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the multifactorial nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of studying both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction.}, language = {en} }