@article{SchleglDittmerHoffmannetal.2018,
  author    = {Schlegl, Sandra and Dittmer, Nina and Hoffmann, Svenja and Voderholzer, Ulrich},
  title     = {Self-reported quantity, compulsiveness and motives of exercise in patients with eating disorders and healthy controls},
  series = {Journal of eating disorders},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Journal of eating disorders},
  publisher = {BMC},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2050-2974},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40337-018-0202-6},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Compulsive exercise (CE) is a frequent symptom in patients with eating disorders (EDs). It includes, in addition to quantitatively excessive exercise behaviour, a driven aspect and specific motives of exercise. CE is generally associated with worse therapy outcomes. The aims of the study were to compare self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise as well as motives for exercise between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we wanted to explore predictors of compulsive exercise (CE) in each group. Methods: We investigated 335 female participants (n = 226 inpatients, n = 109 HC) and assessed self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test), motives for exercise (Exercise Motivations Inventory-2), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), obsessive-compulsiveness (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised), general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-2). Results: Both patients with AN and BN exercised significantly more hours per week and showed significantly higher CE than HC; no differences were found between patients with AN and BN. Patients with EDs and HC also partly varied in motives for exercise. Specific motives were enjoyment, challenge, recognition and weight management in patients with EDs in contrast to ill-health avoidance and affiliation in HC. Patients with AN and BN only differed in regard to exercise for appearance reasons in which patients with BN scored higher. The most relevant predictor of CE across groups was exercise for weight and shape reasons. Conclusions: Exercise behaviours and motives differ between patients with EDs and HC. CE was pronounced in both patients with AN and BN. Therefore, future research should focus not only on CE in patients with AN, but also on CE in patients with BN. Similarities in CE in patients with AN and BN support a transdiagnostic approach during the development of interventions specifically targeting CE in patients with EDs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KullaSchleglKuelzetal.2015,
  author    = {Kulla, Patricia and Schlegl, Sandra and K{\"u}lz, Anne Katrin and F{\"o}rstner, Ulrich and Warschburger, Petra and Voderholzer, Ulrich},
  title     = {Functions of OCD - Development and Initial Validation of a Questionnaire (FFZ)},
  series = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Thieme},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  issn      = {0937-2032},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0034-1394459},
  pages     = {213 -- 222},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The aim of this study was the development and psychometric assessment of a questionnaire for functions of OCD (FFZ). The instrument was analyzed using factor and item analyses with a sample of 120 OCD patients within the first 5 weeks of an inpatient cognitive-behavioral treatment. The revealed scales were OCD as self-confirmation, emotion regulation, avoidance of responsibility, interpersonal regulation and OCD as occupation. The reliabilities of all subscales and the total value were satisfactory to nearly excellent. The factorial validity was good, content validity was excellent. The FFZ shows correlations with measures of interpersonal problems and emotional competence, but none with measures of self-reflection and therapy experience. No differences were found for gender or age. The results provide initial support for the reliability and validity of the FFZ.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{SchleglDittmerHoffmannetal.2018,
  author    = {Schlegl, Sandra and Dittmer, Nina and Hoffmann, Svenja and Voderholzer, Ulrich},
  title     = {Self-reported quantity, compulsiveness and motives of exercise in patients with eating disorders and healthy controls},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {687},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42683},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426831},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: Compulsive exercise (CE) is a frequent symptom in patients with eating disorders (EDs). It includes, in addition to quantitatively excessive exercise behaviour, a driven aspect and specific motives of exercise. CE is generally associated with worse therapy outcomes. The aims of the study were to compare self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise as well as motives for exercise between patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we wanted to explore predictors of compulsive exercise (CE) in each group. Methods: We investigated 335 female participants (n = 226 inpatients, n = 109 HC) and assessed self-reported quantity of exercise, compulsiveness of exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test), motives for exercise (Exercise Motivations Inventory-2), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), obsessive-compulsiveness (Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised), general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory-18) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-2). Results: Both patients with AN and BN exercised significantly more hours per week and showed significantly higher CE than HC; no differences were found between patients with AN and BN. Patients with EDs and HC also partly varied in motives for exercise. Specific motives were enjoyment, challenge, recognition and weight management in patients with EDs in contrast to ill-health avoidance and affiliation in HC. Patients with AN and BN only differed in regard to exercise for appearance reasons in which patients with BN scored higher. The most relevant predictor of CE across groups was exercise for weight and shape reasons. Conclusions: Exercise behaviours and motives differ between patients with EDs and HC. CE was pronounced in both patients with AN and BN. Therefore, future research should focus not only on CE in patients with AN, but also on CE in patients with BN. Similarities in CE in patients with AN and BN support a transdiagnostic approach during the development of interventions specifically targeting CE in patients with EDs.},
  language  = {en}
}