@article{SchefflerSchueler2009, author = {Scheffler, Christiane and Sch{\"u}ler, Grit}, title = {Analysis of BMI of preschool children : results of longitudinal studies}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0007}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Exceeding weight gain in childhood is a prevailing issue in industrialised countries, such as in Germany. The aim of this study was to detect a critical age for exceeding weight gain. It is assumed that especially in the early years of life, the years of nursery school age, the individual development of weight is fundamental for the prediction of obesity. The data of 638 children (324 boys and 314 girls) and the data of additional 1390 children of a preceding longitudinal study were analysed. The results show that overweight newborns are not at higher risk of becoming overweight children later, in the first place. But the results identify a high risk of becoming overweight for children 4.5 years old through a BMI rebound. In addition, this comparably earlier BMI rebound is linked with an increasing percentage of body fat. This leads to the assumption, that a comparably early BMI rebound is remarkably atypical for healthy child development. The results are also interrelated with the test person's sex. Endangered girls are of pyknomorphic body type. In contrast, the boys' results are independent of the body type. Obesity of boys therefore is strongly assumed to be caused by environmental factors.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schueler2009, author = {Sch{\"u}ler, Grit}, title = {Potsdamer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie : Beurteilung der k{\"o}rperlichen Entwicklung vom Kleinkindalter bis zum fr{\"u}hen Schulalter mit Hilfe von Somatometrie, Fotogrammetrie und Morphognose}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {CX, 131 S. : zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2009}, language = {de} } @article{FrankeGrombergSchuelerHermanussenetal.2010, author = {Franke-Gromberg, Christine and Sch{\"u}ler, Grit and Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Digital 2D-photogrammetry and direct anthropometry : a comparing study on test accomplishment and measurement data}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/0003-5548/2010/0012}, year = {2010}, abstract = {The aim of this methodological anthropometric study was to compare direct anthropometry and digital two- dimensional photogrammetry in 18 male and 27 female subjects, aged 24 to 65 years, from Potsdam, Germany. In view of the rising interest in reliable biometric kephalofacial data, we focussed on head and face measurements. Out of 34 classic facial anatomical landmarks, 27 landmarks were investigated both by direct anthropometry and 2D-photogrammetry; 7 landmarks could not be localized by 2D-photogrammetry. Twenty-six kephalofacial distances were analysed both by direct anthropometry and digital 2D-photogrammetry. Kephalofacial distances are on average 7.6\% shorter when obtained by direct anthropometry. The difference between the two techniques is particularly evident in total head height (vertex-gnathion) due to the fact that vertex is usually covered by hair and escapes from photogrammetry. Also the distances photographic sellion-gnathion (1.3 cm, i. e. 11.6\%) and nasal-gnathion (1.2 cm, i. e. 9.4\%) differ by more than one centimetre. Differences below 0.5 cm between the two techniques were found when measuring mucosa-lip-height (2.2\%), gonia (3.0\%), glabella-stomion (3.9\%), and nose height (glabella-subnasal) (4.0\%). Only the estimates of forehead width were significantly narrower when obtained by 2D-photogrammetry (-1.4 cm, -13.1\%). The methodological differences increased with increasing magnitude of the kephalometric distance. Apart from these limitations, both techniques are similarly valid and may replace each other.}, language = {en} }