@article{YanKlieglRichteretal.2010,
  author    = {Yan, Ming and Kliegl, Reinhold and Richter, Eike M. and Nuthmann, Antje and Shu, Hua},
  title     = {Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading},
  issn      = {1747-0218},
  doi       = {10.1080/17470210903114858},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {As Chinese is written without orthographical word boundaries (i.e., spaces), it is unclear whether saccade targets are selected on the basis of characters or words and whether saccades are aimed at the beginning or the centre of words. Here, we report an experiment where 30 Chinese readers read 150 sentences while their eye movements were monitored. They exhibited a strong tendency to fixate at the word centre in single-fixation cases and at the word beginning in multiple-fixation cases. Different from spaced alphabetic script, initial fixations falling at the end of words were no more likely to be followed by a refixation than initial fixations at word centre. Further, single fixations were shorter than first fixations in two-fixation cases, which is opposite to what is found in Roman script. We propose that Chinese readers dynamically select the beginning or centre of words as saccade targets depending on failure or success with segmentation of parafoveal word boundaries.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YanRichterShuetal.2009,
  author    = {Yan, Ming and Richter, Eike M. and Shu, Hua and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/Pbr.16.3.561},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Evidence for semantic preview benefit (PB) from parafoveal words has been elusive for reading alphabetic scripts such as English. Here we report semantic PB for noncompound characters in Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm. In addition, PBs for orthographic relatedness and, as a numeric trend, for phonological relatedness were obtained. Results are in agreement with other research suggesting that the Chinese writing system is based on a closer association between graphic form and meaning than is alphabetic script. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglMassonRichter2009,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Masson, Michael E. J. and Richter, Eike M.},
  title     = {A linear mixed model analysis of masked repetition priming},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57073},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {We examined individual differences in masked repetition priming by re-analyzing item-level response-time (RT) data from three experiments. Using a linear mixed model (LMM) with subjects and items specified as crossed random factors, the originally reported priming and word-frequency effects were recovered. In the same LMM, we estimated parameters describing the distributions of these effects across subjects. Subjects' frequency and priming effects correlated positively with each other and negatively with mean RT. These correlation estimates, however, emerged only with a reciprocal transformation of RT (i.e., -1/RT), justified on the basis of distributional analyses. Different correlations, some with opposite sign, were obtained (1) for untransformed or logarithmic RTs or (2) when correlations were computed using within-subject analyses. We discuss the relevance of the new results for accounts of masked priming, implications of applying RT transformations, and the use of LMMs as a tool for the joint analysis of experimental effects and associated individual differences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86570},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normalweight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females},
  series = {PLoS one},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Public Library of Science},
  address   = {Lawrence, Kan.},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0140813},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normalweight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterEngbertKliegl2006,
  author    = {Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Current advances in SWIFT},
  issn      = {1389-0417},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.07.003},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Models of eye movement control are very useful for gaining insights into the intricate connections of different cognitive and oculomotor subsystems involved in reading. The SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl (2002). Vision Research, 42, 621 - 636) proposed a unified mechanism to account for all types of eye movement patterns that might be observed in reading behavior. The model is based on the notion of spatially distributed, or parallel, processing of words in a sentence. We present a refined version of SWIFT introducing a letter-based approach that proposes a processing gradient in the shape of a smooth function. We show that SWIFT extents its capabilities by accounting for distributions of landing positions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EngbertNuthmannRichteretal.2005,
  author    = {Engbert, Ralf and Nuthmann, Antje and Richter, Eike M. and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {SWIFT: A Dynamical Model of Saccade Generation during Reading},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57145},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Mathematical models have become an important tool for understanding the control of eye movements during reading. Main goals of the development of the SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl, 2002)were to investigate the possibility of spatially distributed processing and to implement a general mechanism for all types of eye movements we observe in reading experiments. Here, we present an advanced version of SWIFT which integrates properties of the oculomotor system and effects of word recognition to explain many of the experimental phenomena faced in reading research. We propose new procedures for the estimation of model parameters and for the test of the model's performance. A mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the SWIFT model is presented. Finally, within this framework, we present an analysis of the transition from parallel to serial processing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngbertNuthmannRichteretal.2005,
  author    = {Engbert, Ralf and Nuthmann, Antje and Richter, Eike M. and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {SWIFT : A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading},
  issn      = {0033-295X},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Mathematical, models,have become an important tool for understanding the control of eye movements during reading. Main goals of the development of the SWIFT model (R. Engbert, A. Longtin, \& R. Kliegl, 2002) were to investigate the possibility of spatially distributed processing and to implement a general mechanism for all types of eye movements observed in reading experiments. The authors present an advanced version of SWIFT that integrates properties of the oculomotor system and effects of word recognition to explain many of the experimental phenomena faced in reading research. They propose new procedures for the estimation of model parameters and for the test of the model's performance. They also present a mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the SWIFT model. Finally, within this framework, they present an analysis of the transition from parallel to serial processing},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterEngbert2005,
  author    = {Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Impossible gap paradigm : Experimental evidence for autonomous saccade timing},
  issn      = {0301-0066},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RichterEngbert2004,
  author    = {Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Parafoveal processing during reading},
  issn      = {0301-0066},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarschburgerCalvanoRichteretal.2015,
  author    = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf},
  title     = {Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females: An Eye-Movement Study},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0140813},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others' attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normal-weight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants' own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one's own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results.},
  language  = {en}
}