@article{Malesza2019, author = {Malesza, Marta}, title = {The effects of potentially real and hypothetical rewards on effort discounting in a student sample}, series = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, volume = {151}, journal = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.030}, pages = {6}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the functional form of discounting of monetary rewards by physical effort in potentially real and hypothetical contexts. Individuals (N = 142) completed the assessments with hypothetical and potentially real effort discounting tasks, and their hypothetical or potentially real consequences. The data obtained from the experiment reported here suggest that hypothetical conditions yield patterns of discounting that mirror those for potentially real effort tasks and outcomes. However, this finding also leaves open the possibility that the degree of discounting may change together with the repeated exposure to the consequences of decisions, or the counterbalanced order of hypothetical and potentially real tasks.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaKaczmarek2018, author = {Malesza, Marta and Kaczmarek, Magdalena Claudia}, title = {Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity}, series = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, volume = {126}, journal = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.021}, pages = {61 -- 65}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Correlations between the grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism with two self-report personality measures (i.e., BIS-11 and I-7) and two behavioral tasks (i.e., Stop-Signal Task and Delay-Discounting task) of impulsivity in 338 students were examined. As one of the first studies to apply a two-dimensional approach to narcissism (i.e. grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism) in different self-report and behavioral impulsivity measures, the present results have reported that both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism showed a significant positive correlations with the self-reported impulsivity. Moreover, the grandiose narcissism has shown significant associations with both behavioral tasks of impulsivity. Contrary, vulnerable narcissism was negatively related to the stop reaction time people high in vulnerable narcissism scored shorter stop reaction time values and, consequently, presented less impulsive responding.}, language = {en} } @article{Malesza2020, author = {Malesza, Marta}, title = {Grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in prisoner's dilemma game}, series = {Personality and individual differences}, volume = {158}, journal = {Personality and individual differences}, publisher = {Pergamon Press; Elsevier Science}, address = {Oxford, Amsterdam}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2020.109841}, pages = {5}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to investigate the role of the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in the economic game. One widely employed paradigm in this field of experimental economic games is the prisoner's dilemma-used to examine competitive versus cooperative behaviour. In the present study a prisoner's dilemma game was administrated to individuals (N = 320), along with measures of grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and impulsivity. Specifically, our results show that vulnerable narcissism has a significant positive effect on defecting behaviors, while grandiose narcissism has a significant positive effect on cooperation in the initial round. However, while the game proceeded, grandiose narcissism started to have a positive effect on defecting behaviors too. This suggests that grandiose narcissists have, at least initially, positive qualities to them which can make them popular, but in the long run they lose their positive reputation and their likeability and willingness to cooperate decrease.}, language = {en} } @article{Malesza2021, author = {Malesza, Marta}, title = {The reduced discounting inventory}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {40}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, pages = {545 -- 552}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In two studies, the aim of this research was to develop and validate a Polish version of the reduced Discounting Inventory. In Study 1 (N = 623) items extraction from the 48-item DI was based upon item-total correlation and items with highest coefficients were considered. The reduced Discounting Inventory resulted in sixteen items. Cronbach's a coefficient was .78, and the item-total correlations ranged between .59 and .77. The correlation between Polish versions of reduced Discounting Inventory and longer 48-item Discounting Inventory was .85. Next, the reduced Discounting Inventory was evaluated in terms of factorial and construct validity. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the four-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Additionally, we show that this reduced Discounting Inventory closely parallels the longer 48-item inventory its relation to traditional discounting measures using pairs of hypothetical choices (expect for the delay discounting subscale). Finally, in study 2, the test-retest reliability of the reduced Discounting Inventory over a 3-month interval was assessed (247 subjects of the 623 individuals who participated in Study 1). Results indicated good stability of the reduced measure (>= .88). It is concluded that the reduced Discounting Inventory has notable psychometric properties and that it can serve as an alternative measure of discounting when situations do not allow the use of longer inventories.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaKaczmarek2018, author = {Malesza, Marta and Kaczmarek, Magdalena Claudia}, title = {The convergent validity between self- and peer-ratings of the dark triad personality}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {39}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-018-9906-7}, pages = {2166 -- 2173}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Researchers examining the accuracy of observers ratings of others are devoting increased attention to peer-reported personality traits. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate convergent validity of the three-factor Dark Triad model of personality framework, using two different rating methods: self-ratings and peer-ratings. Each participant (N = 266) was asked to collect three peer ratings (total peers N = 798). First, respondents completed three Dark Triad measures-Mach IV, SRP-III, and NPI-17 instruments. The peer-report forms of these instruments consisted of the same items as in the self-report version, but the rephrasing was appropriate to a third-person perspective. With the exception of one subscale of narcissism, Dark Triad measures demonstrated substantial convergent validity. These findings challenge views that at least two dark personality characteristics, i.e. psychopathy and Machiavellianism, are accurately observable phenomenon. The influences of agreement between self and other raters are discussed in relation to the degree of ratability and social desirability.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaSchroederAbe2020, author = {Malesza, Marta and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela}, title = {The convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Discounting Inventory compared to the traditional discounting measures}, series = {Journal of public health}, volume = {30}, journal = {Journal of public health}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {2198-1833}, doi = {10.1007/s10389-020-01306-y}, pages = {423 -- 433}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aim The Discounting Inventory was developed to provide researchers and practitioners with a standardized tool to asses individual differences in delay, probabilistic, effort and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Convergent and discriminant validity of the Discounting Inventory was evaluated by comparing its associations with external variables to those obtained using standardized discounting measures with the same external variables. Subjects and methods A sample of 347 volunteers was examined. The first questionnaire completed by all participants was the Discounting Inventory. Individuals also completed the traditional discounting measure using pairs of hypothetical choices. The external measures included the Sensation Seeking Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Eysenck Impulsivity Venturesomeness Empathy Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, and Temperament and Character Inventory. Results The results revealed that although almost all correlations were significant for both the Discounting Inventory and the traditional discounting measures, most of the correlations between external variables and the Discounting Inventory were significantly higher than those between external variables and traditional discounting measures. However, both discounting measures were most strongly correlated with external measures of impulsivity, which is not surprising given the fact that discounting is seen as a behavioral impulsivity. Finally, most relationships between the Discounting Inventory and external variables were incrementally valid over the traditional discounting measures. Conclusion The Discounting Inventory can help to diagnose problems with behavioral impulsivity.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaOstaszewskiBuechneretal.2019, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł and B{\"u}chner, Susanne and Kaczmarek, Magdalena C.}, title = {The adaptation of the Short Dark Triad personality measure}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {38}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-017-9662-0}, pages = {855 -- 864}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This research was designed to adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure (Jones and Paulhus Assessment, 21(1), 28-41, 2014) in a German sample within four studies (total N=1463); the measure evaluates three personality dimensions: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the three-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Next, the Short Dark Triad measure was evaluated in terms of construct, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency ( .72), and test-retest reliability during a 4-week period ( .73). Concurrent validity of the SD3 was supported by relating its subscales to measures of the Big Five concept, aggression, and self-esteem. We concluded that the Short Dark Triad instrument presented high cross-language replicability. The use of this short inventory in the investigation of the Dark Triad personality model in the German language context is suggested.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaOstaszewski2017, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł}, title = {Assessing individual differences in discounting}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {39}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-017-9754-x}, pages = {207 -- 219}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The purpose of the project was to develop the Discounting Inventory (DI), a measure of individual differences in delay, probability, effort, and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Over 400 items relating to four types of discounting were generated. Next, a study followed by a series of psychometric analyses of data obtained from a group of 2843 individuals was conducted. Principal Component Analysis yielded a four-factor structure of data, reflecting the four types of discounting. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit of the four-factor model to data. Through several iterations of retaining and deleting items on the basis of their component loadings, item intercorrelations, and contribution to coefficient alphas, the total number of items was reduced to 48. The final 48-item version of the inventory has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha and test-retest stability. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the DI and traditional discounting instruments, suggesting that the DI measures a construct similar to the behavioral discounting process. The development of the tool was based on the assumption that discounting is a personality trait. However, the present data suggest that discounting may reflect more a state than trait function.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaleszaOstaszewski2017, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł}, title = {Assessing individual differences in discounting}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {549}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42881}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428811}, pages = {13}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The purpose of the project was to develop the Discounting Inventory (DI), a measure of individual differences in delay, probability, effort, and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Over 400 items relating to four types of discounting were generated. Next, a study followed by a series of psychometric analyses of data obtained from a group of 2843 individuals was conducted. Principal Component Analysis yielded a four-factor structure of data, reflecting the four types of discounting. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit of the four-factor model to data. Through several iterations of retaining and deleting items on the basis of their component loadings, item intercorrelations, and contribution to coefficient alphas, the total number of items was reduced to 48. The final 48-item version of the inventory has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha and test-retest stability. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the DI and traditional discounting instruments, suggesting that the DI measures a construct similar to the behavioral discounting process. The development of the tool was based on the assumption that discounting is a personality trait. However, the present data suggest that discounting may reflect more a state than trait function.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaleszaOstaszewskiBuechneretal.2017, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł and B{\"u}chner, Susanne and Kaczmarek, Magdalena Claudia}, title = {The adaptation of the Short Dark Triad personality measure}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {555}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43289}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432896}, pages = {10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This research was designed to adapt and investigate the psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad measure (Jones and Paulhus Assessment, 21(1), 28-41, 2014) in a German sample within four studies (total N = 1463); the measure evaluates three personality dimensions: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the three-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Next, the Short Dark Triad measure was evaluated in terms of construct, convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency (≥ .72), and test-retest reliability during a 4-week period (≥ .73). Concurrent validity of the SD3 was supported by relating its subscales to measures of the Big Five concept, aggression, and self-esteem. We concluded that the Short Dark Triad instrument presented high cross-language replicability. The use of this short inventory in the investigation of the Dark Triad personality model in the German language context is suggested.}, language = {en} }