@misc{Krahe1982,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Motivationseinfl{\"u}sse im Attributionsprozess : zur Diskussion um den "self-serving bias" in der Attributionsforschung},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37666},
year = {1982},
abstract = {Inhalt: 1 Zur alltagspsychologischen Bedeutung von Kausalinterpretationen 2 Theoretischer und empirischer Bezugsrahmen 2.1 Grundlegende Konzepte der Attributionstheorie - 2.1.1 Die klassischen Modelle der Attributionsforschung - 2.1.2 Neuere kognitive Erkl{\"a}rungsans{\"a}tze der Kausalattribution 2.2 Empirische Befunde zum Problem der selbstwertbezogenen Attribution - 2.2.1 Selbstwertbezogene Attributionen eigener Handlungsergebnisse - 2.2.2 Das Wettbewerbsparadigma - 2.2.3 Selbstwertbezogene Voreingenommenheiten aus der Beobachter-Perspektive - 2.2.4 Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei der Kausalattribution von Erfolg und Mißerfolg - 2.2.5 Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Untersuchungsergebnisse 2.3 Zum Stand der Theorie - und Methodendiskussion im Rahmen selbstwertbezogener Voreingenommenheiten - 2.3.1 Ich-Beteiligung und Zentralit{\"a}t - 2.3.2 Der informationstheoretische Erkl{\"a}rungsansatz - 2.3.3 Zur Methodik der Erfassung selbstwertbezogener Attributionen - 2.3.4 Die Bedeutung sozialer Vergleichsprozesse f{\"u}r die Kausalattribution 3 Empirische Untersuchung zur Erfassung von kausalattributionen f{\"u}r Verhaltensergebnisse anderer Personen 3.1 Darstellung des Untersuchungsansatzes 3.2 Fragestellung und Hypothesen 3.3 Ablauf der Untersuchung - 3.3.1 Aufgaben der Voruntersuchung - 3.3.2 Durchf{\"u}hrung der Hauptuntersuchung 3.4 Schritte der Datenanalyse - 3.4.1 Auswertung der Attributionsskala - 3.4.2 Uberpr{\"u}fung der Untersuchungshypothesen 3.5 Diskussion und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1992,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Personality and social psychology : towards a synthesis},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-38306},
year = {1992},
abstract = {Content: 1 Persons and Situations: Cornerstones of Modern Personality Psychology 2 The Issue of Consistency in Personality:Sixty Years of Controversy 3 In Defence of Traits: New (and Revived) Perspectives 4 Modern Interactionism: An Alternative Framework for Personality Research 5 Implementing the Interactionist Programme:Three Exemplary Areas of Research 6 Improving Personality Measurement:The Nomothetic Road to the Study of Consistency 7 Personality Psychology is about Individuals:Rediscovering the Idiographic Legacy 8 The Role of the Situation in Personality Research 9 Personality Psychology in the Nineties: An Outlook},
language = {en}
}
@book{GuenzelLiebeMerschetal.2009,
author = {G{\"u}nzel, Stephan and Liebe, Michael and Mersch, Dieter and Castendyk, Oliver and Lange, Andreas and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Tobias, James and Spieler, Klaus and B{\"o}hme, Stefan and Glash{\"u}ttner, Robert and J{\"o}ckel, Sven and Dogruel, Leyla and Mosel, Michael and Quack, Sebastian and Rumbke, Leif and Walz, Steffen P.},
title = {DIGAREC Lectures 2008/09 : Vortr{\"a}ge am Zentrum f{\"u}r Computerspielforschung mit Wissenschaftsforum der Deutschen Gamestage ; Quo Vadis 2008 und 2009},
editor = {G{\"u}nzel, Stephan and Liebe, Michael and Mersch, Dieter},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-004-5},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33324},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
pages = {256},
year = {2009},
abstract = {Der zweite Band der DIGAREC Series beinhaltet Beitr{\"a}ge der DIGAREC Lectures 2008/09 sowie des Wissenschaftsforums der Deutschen Gamestage 2008 und 2009. Mit Beitr{\"a}gen von Oliver Castendyk (Erich Pommer Institut), Stephan G{\"u}nzel mit Michael Liebe und Dieter Mersch (Universit{\"a}t Potsdam), Andreas Lange (Computerspielemuseum Berlin), Ingrid M{\"o}ller mit Barbara Krah{\´e} (Universit{\"a}t Potsdam), Klaus Spieler (Institut f{\"u}r digitale interaktive Kultur Berlin), James Tobias (University of California, Riverside), Stefan B{\"o}hme (HBK Braunschweig), Robert Glash{\"u}ttner (Wien), Sven J{\"o}ckel (Universit{\"a}t Erfurt) mit Leyla Dogruel (FU Berlin), Michael Mosel (Universit{\"a}t Marburg), Sebastian Quack (HTW Berlin), Leif Rumbke (Hamburg) und Steffen P. Walz (ETH Z{\"u}rich).},
language = {mul}
}
@article{JungBuschingKrahe2019,
author = {Jung, Janis Moritz and Busching, Robert and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Catching aggression from one's peers},
series = {Social and personality psychology compass},
volume = {13},
journal = {Social and personality psychology compass},
number = {2},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {1751-9004},
doi = {10.1111/spc3.12433},
pages = {12},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Exposure to peer aggression is a major risk factor for the development of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, peer aggression has the propensity to spread and affect individuals who were not exposed to the original source of aggression. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that peer aggression is in many regards similar to a contagious disease. By presenting a program of research based on longitudinal and multilevel studies, we provide evidence for the contagious quality of aggressive behavior, show that individuals vary in their susceptibility to peer aggression, and describe group-level characteristics that moderate the influence of peer aggression. We discuss mechanisms that may explain how individuals catch aggressive behavior from their peers and how the effects on the development of individuals' aggressive behavior unfold over time. Further, we examine processes that may increase the risk of being exposed to peers' aggressive behavior. We conclude with discussing implications for future studies on the contagious nature of peer aggression.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe2017,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Violence against women},
series = {Current opinion in psychology},
volume = {19},
journal = {Current opinion in psychology},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {2352-250X},
doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.017},
pages = {6 -- 10},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Violence against women causes suffering and misery to victims and their families and places a heavy burden on societies worldwide. It mostly happens within intimate relationships or between people known to each other. Violence against women is a social construction based on a societal consensus about the roles and rights of men and women. Two prevalent forms of violence against women are physical and sexual victimization by an intimate partner, and sexual victimization outside intimate relationships. Explanations of why men engage in aggressive behavior toward women address different levels, including the macro level of society, the micro level of dyadic interactions, and the individual level of perpetrator characteristics. Prevention efforts are needed that address each of these levels.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{KraheKrahe1981,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Krah{\´e}, Peter},
title = {Vorurteilsverminderung durch Unterricht : Voraussetzungen und Grenzen},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37679},
year = {1981},
abstract = {Inhalt: 1 Einleitung 2 Zur Auseinandersetzung mit sozialen Vorurteilen im Rahmen desschulischen Bildungsauftrags - 2.1 Aspekte des Vorurteilsabbaus aus p{\"a}dagogischer Sicht - 2.2 Vorurteilsfreie Erziehung als demokratisches Leitziel 3 Ergebnisse der sozialwissenschaftlichen Vorurteilsforschung - 3.1 Zur theoretischen Fundierung des Vorurteilsbegriffs - 3.2 Zur individuellen Genese sozialer Vorurteile 4 Einstellungs{\"a}nderung gegen{\"u}ber sozialen Minderheiten - 4.1 Konstituierende Elemente des Unterrichts - 4.2 Methodisch-didaktische {\"U}berlegungen zur Ver{\"a}nderung vorurteilshafterEinstellungen - 4.3 Sozialformen, Lehrerrolle und Sch{\"u}lerverhalten 5 Grenzen des Abbaus sozialer Vorurteile innerhalb der Schule - 5.1 Vorurteilsabbau als gesamtgesellschaftliches Problem - 5.2 Hemmende Faktoren innerhalb der Schulorganisation},
language = {de}
}
@misc{WardNewlonKraheetal.1992,
author = {Ward, Colleen and Newlon, Betty and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Myambo, Kathleen and Payne, Monica and Tastaban, Yildiz and Yuksel, Sahika and Ghadially, Rehana and Kumar, Usha and Lee, Hing-chu B and Cheung, Fanny M. and Upadhyaya, Shirpati and Patnoe, Jerry and Kirby, Carol and Gomez, Antonio Vasquez and Parra, Elena and Colosio, Laura},
title = {The attitudes toward rape victims scale : psychometric data from 14 countries},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34495},
year = {1992},
abstract = {Content: Synopsis The Attitudes toward Rape Victims Scale: Psychometric Data from 14 Countries Scale Construction and Validation - Study One: Preliminary Analyses - Study Two: Test-Retest Reliability - Study Three: Construct Validity Cross-cultural Extensions - United States - United Kingdom - Germany - New Zealand - Canada - West Indies - Israel - Turkey - India - Hong Kong - Malaysia - Zimbabwe - Mexico - Metric Equivalence Discussion},
language = {en}
}
@article{MoellerKrahe2009,
author = {M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {F{\"o}rdern gewalthaltige Bildschirmspiele die Aggressionsbereitschaft?},
series = {DIGAREC Lectures 2008/09 : Vortr{\"a}ge am Zentrum f{\"u}r Computerspielforschung mit Wissenschaftsforum der Deutschen Gamestage ; Quo Vadis 2008 und 2009},
journal = {DIGAREC Lectures 2008/09 : Vortr{\"a}ge am Zentrum f{\"u}r Computerspielforschung mit Wissenschaftsforum der Deutschen Gamestage ; Quo Vadis 2008 und 2009},
number = {2},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-004-5},
issn = {1867-6219},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33196},
pages = {60 -- 83},
year = {2009},
abstract = {Die Frage, ob gewalthaltige Bildschirmspiele die Aggressionsbereitschaft der SpielerInnen erh{\"o}ht, wird in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit kontrovers diskutiert. Demgegen{\"u}ber spricht die vorliegende Forschung mehrheitlich f{\"u}r die Annahme eines aggressionsf{\"o}rdernden Effekts, auch wenn die Gr{\"o}ßenordnung und praktische Bedeutung der gefundenen Zusammenh{\"a}nge unterschiedlich beurteilt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisstand zum Zusammenhang zwischen Gewaltspielkonsum und Aggression dar, pr{\"a}sentiert Ans{\"a}tze zur Erkl{\"a}rung der Wirkmechanismen von Mediengewalt und stellt zwei eigene Untersuchungen vor, die den Zusammenhang f{\"u}r das Medium der gewalthaltigen Bildschirmspiele im Quer- und L{\"a}ngsschnitt analysieren.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1989,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Faking personality profiles on a standard personality inventory},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34486},
year = {1989},
abstract = {A study is reported which investigates the fakeability of personality profiles as measured by a standard personality inventory, the Freiburger Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsinventar (FPI). Unlike previous studies investigating laypersons' ability to fake a global good or bad impression, the present study examined individuals' ability to fake a specific personality profile. Four groups of subjects were instructed to fake their FPI scores so as to present themselves as high vs low scorers on the "social orientation" dimension or high vs low scorers on the "achievement orientation" dimension. The results clearly demonstrate that subjects are successful in manipulating their scores on the critical dimensions according to instruction. Moreover, they also fake related scales in a way that corroborates the intended image of a person with a high (or low) achievement (or social) orientation. The overall pattern of results reveals that subjects were able to distort their responses in a way that reflects their intuitive understanding of the dimensional structure of the FPI. The implications of the present findings for the use of personality inventories as valid diagnostic instruments are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1983,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Zum Stand der Diskussion um den "self-serving bias" in der Attributionsforschung},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45286},
year = {1983},
abstract = {The 'fact or fiction1 controversy about self-serving attributional biases is discussed under two aspects: a) The lack of a clear conceptual definition of "bias" referring to cognitive models of causal attribution which specify unbiased, rational modes of causal inference; b) The empirical evidence with regard to the decision whether attributional distortions are due to self-protective and self-enhancing motives rather than errors and biases in information processing. It is concluded that progress in self-serving bias research is conditional upon a theoretical clarification and operational definition of self-serving biases explicitly derived from a rational standard of causal inference and based on a motivational analysis of the functions of causal attributions.},
language = {de}
}
@article{LutzKrahe2017,
author = {Lutz, Johannes and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Inducing sadness reduces anger-driven aggressive behavior},
series = {Psychology of violence},
volume = {8},
journal = {Psychology of violence},
number = {3},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2152-0828},
doi = {10.1037/vio0000167},
pages = {358 -- 366},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Objective: The incompatible response hypothesis states that inducing incompatible emotional states mitigates the effect of situational risk factors on aggressive behavior. The current study extended this approach to situated aggression control to withdrawal-related negative emotions. We proposed that even a negative affective state can be incompatible with aggression if its basic motivational orientation counteracts the approach orientation underlying anger and aggression. Specifically, we predicted that although it is inherently negative, sadness may reduce anger-driven aggressive behavior. Method: An experiment was conducted (N = 149) in which half the participants were angered by means of a frustrating number-sequences task, whereas the other half were asked to engage in a similar but nonfrustrating task. To counteract anger-driven aggressive behavior, sadness was induced in half the participants by asking them to recall a sad personal episode. Participants in the no-sadness group recalled an affectively neutral episode. Finally, participants were asked to choose the difficulty level of the number sequences that would ostensibly be assigned to future participants, with the number of difficult sequences chosen indicating the strength of the aggressive response. Results: As predicted, the induction of sadness buffered anger-related aggressive behavior. Anger translated into aggression in the control condition but not in the sadness condition. The aggression-inhibiting effect of the experience of sadness was found to be driven by the compensating coactivation of anger and sadness. Conclusions: The results support the extension of the incompatible response hypothesis to withdrawal-related negative emotions and shed further light on the underlying processes.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuschingKrahe2013,
author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play},
series = {Societies},
volume = {3},
journal = {Societies},
number = {4},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {2075-4698},
doi = {10.3390/soc3040445},
pages = {445 -- 456},
year = {2013},
abstract = {When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KirschBuschingRohlfetal.2019,
author = {Kirsch, Fabian and Busching, Robert and Rohlf, Helena and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Using behavioral observation for the longitudinal study of anger regulation in middle childhood},
series = {Applied Developmental Science},
volume = {23},
journal = {Applied Developmental Science},
number = {2},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1088-8691},
doi = {10.1080/10888691.2017.1325325},
pages = {105 -- 118},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Assessing anger regulation via self-reports is fraught with problems, especially among children. Behavioral observation provides an ecologically valid alternative for measuring anger regulation. The present study uses data from two waves of a longitudinal study to present a behavioral observation approach for measuring anger regulation in middle childhood. At T1, 599 children from Germany (6-10 years old) were observed during an anger eliciting task, and the use of anger regulation strategies was coded. At T2, 3 years later, the observation was repeated with an age-appropriate version of the same task. Partial metric measurement invariance over time demonstrated the structural equivalence of the two versions. Maladaptive anger regulation between the two time points showed moderate stability. Validity was established by showing correlations with aggressive behavior, peer problems, and conduct problems (concurrent and predictive criterion validity). The study presents an ecologically valid and economic approach to assessing anger regulation strategies in situ.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys},
series = {Journal of media psychology},
volume = {34},
journal = {Journal of media psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber Publ. [u.a.]},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1864-1105},
doi = {10.1027/1864-1105/a000296},
pages = {55 -- 62},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13-18 years from Germany (N = 300, 61\% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{WinzerKraheGuest2019,
author = {Winzer, Lylla and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Guest, Philip Michael},
title = {The Scale of Sexual Aggression in Southeast Asia: A Review},
series = {Trauma, violence \& abuse},
volume = {20},
journal = {Trauma, violence \& abuse},
number = {5},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1524-8380},
doi = {10.1177/1524838017725312},
pages = {595 -- 612},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world. It is experiencing rapid socioeconomic change that may influence the level of sexual aggression, but data on the scale of sexual aggression in the region remain sparse. The aim of the present article was to systematically review the findings of studies available in English on the prevalence of self-reported sexual aggression and victimization among women and men above the age of 12 years in the 11 countries of Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). Based on four scientific databases, the search engine Google, Opengrey database, and reference checking, 49 studies were found on sexual victimization. Of those, 32 included only women. Self-reported perpetration was assessed by only three studies and included all-male samples. Prevalence rates varied widely across studies but showed that sexual victimization was widespread among different social groups, irrespective of sex and sexual orientation. Methodological heterogeneity, lack of representativeness of samples, imbalance of information available by country, missing information within studies, and cultural differences hampered the comparability between and within countries. There is a need for operationalizations that specifically address sexual aggression occurring after the age of consent, based on detailed behavioral descriptions of unwanted sexual experiences and allied to a qualitative approach with cultural sensitivity. Data on sexual aggression in conflict settings and in human trafficking are also limited. Recommendations for future research are presented in the discussion.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchusterKrahe2019,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Predicting Sexual Victimization Among College Students in Chile and Turkey: A Cross-Cultural Analysis},
series = {Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research},
volume = {48},
journal = {Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research},
number = {8},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0004-0002},
doi = {10.1007/s10508-018-1335-z},
pages = {2565 -- 2580},
year = {2019},
language = {en}
}
@book{Krahe2020,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The social psychology of aggression},
edition = {3rd. ed.},
publisher = {Psychology Press},
address = {New York},
isbn = {978-1-138-60850-4},
pages = {529},
year = {2020},
language = {en}
}
@book{Krahe2020,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The social psychology of aggression},
edition = {Third Edition},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {London ; New York},
isbn = {978-1-138-60850-4},
pages = {x, 516},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Thoroughly revised and updated, this third edition offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the social psychology of aggression, covering all the relevant major theories, individual differences, situational factors, and applied contexts. Understanding the causes, forms, and consequences of aggression and violence is critical for dealing with these harmful forms of social behavior. Addressing a range of sub-topics, the firstpart deals with the definition and measurement of aggression, presents major theories, examines the development of aggression and discusses individual and gender differences in aggressive behaviour. It covers the role of situational factors in eliciting aggression and the impact of exposure to violence in the media. The second part examines specific forms and manifestations of aggression, including chapters on aggression in everyday contexts and in the family, sexual aggression, intergroup aggression, and terrorism. The new edition also includes additional coverage of gender differences, gun violence, and terrorism, to reflect the latest research developments in the field. Alsodiscussing strategies for reducing and preventing aggression, this bookis essential reading for students and researchers in psychology and related disciplines, as well as practitioners andpolicy makers.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BonacheGonzalezMendezKrahe2019,
author = {Bonache, Helena and Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence},
series = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
volume = {34},
journal = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
number = {2},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0886-2605},
doi = {10.1177/0886260516640776},
pages = {287 -- 309},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim's perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SchusterKrahe2019,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile},
series = {Trauma violence \& abuse},
volume = {20},
journal = {Trauma violence \& abuse},
number = {2},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1524-8380},
doi = {10.1177/1524838017697307},
pages = {229 -- 244},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Sexual aggression is a major public health issue worldwide, but most knowledge is derived from studies conducted in North America and Western Europe. Little research has been conducted on the prevalence of sexual aggression in developing countries, including Chile. This article presents the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among women and men in Chile. Furthermore, it reports differences in prevalence rates in relation to victim and perpetrator characteristics and victim-perpetrator relationships. A total of N = 28 studies were identified by a three-stage literature search, including the screening of academic databases, publications of Chilean institutions, and reference lists. A great heterogeneity was found for prevalence rates of sexual victimization, ranging between 1.0\% and 51.9\% for women and 0.4\% and 48.0\% for men. Only four studies provided perpetration rates, which varied between 0.8\% and 26.8\% for men and 0.0\% and 16.5\% for women. No consistent evidence emerged for differences in victimization rates in relation to victims' gender, age, and education. Perpetrators were more likely to be persons known to the victim. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies are discussed as reasons for the great variability in prevalence rates, and recommendations are provided for a more harmonized and gender-inclusive approach for future research on sexual aggression in Chile.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{DeSchrijverVanderBekenKraheetal.2018,
author = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Vander Beken, Tom and Krahe, Barbara and Keygnaert, Ines},
title = {Prevalence of sexual violence in migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees in Europe},
series = {International Journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {15},
journal = {International Journal of environmental research and public health},
number = {9},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {1660-4601},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph15091979},
pages = {17},
year = {2018},
abstract = {(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuschingKrahe2017,
author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The contagious effect of deviant behavior in adolescence},
series = {Social psychological and personality science},
volume = {9},
journal = {Social psychological and personality science},
number = {7},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1948-5506},
doi = {10.1177/1948550617725151},
pages = {815 -- 824},
year = {2017},
abstract = {This article investigated how the development of deviant behavior in adolescence is influenced by the variability of deviant behavior in the peer group. Based on the social information-processing (SIP) model, we predicted that peer groups with a low variability of deviant behavior (providing normative information that is easy to process) should have a main effect on the development of adolescents' deviant behavior over time, whereas peer groups in which deviant behavior is more variable (i.e., more difficult to process) should primarily impact the deviant behavior of initially nondeviant classroom members. These hypotheses were largely supported in a multilevel analysis using self-reports of deviant behavior in a sample of 16,891 adolescents in 1,308 classes assessed at two data waves about 1-year apart. The results demonstrate the advantages of studying cross-level interactions to clarify the impact of the peer environment on the development of deviant behavior in adolescence.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RomeroSanchezKraheMoyaetal.2018,
author = {Romero-Sanchez, Monica and Krahe, Barbara and Moya, Miguel and Meg{\´i}as, Jes{\´u}s L},
title = {Alcohol-Related Victim Behavior and Rape Myth Acceptance as Predictors of Victim Blame in Sexual Assault Cases},
series = {Violence Against Women},
volume = {24},
journal = {Violence Against Women},
number = {9},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1077-8012},
doi = {10.1177/1077801217727372},
pages = {1052 -- 1069},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Two studies analyzed the influence of victim behavior, drink type, and observer rape myth acceptance (RMA) on attributions of blame to victims of sexual assault. In Study 1, people higher in RMA blamed the victim more when she accepted rather than rejected the aggressor's invitation to buy her a drink. In Study 2, we analyzed if the effects depended on who offered the invitation for a drink (a friend or aggressor). RMA was more closely related to victim blame when she accepted (vs. rejected) the offer of a drink from the aggressor. In both studies, drink type (alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic) did not interact with the other variables.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheLutzSylla2018,
author = {Krahe, Barbara and Lutz, Johannes and Sylla, Isabel},
title = {Lean back and relax},
series = {European journal of social psychology},
volume = {48},
journal = {European journal of social psychology},
number = {5},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {0046-2772},
doi = {10.1002/ejsp.2363},
pages = {718 -- 723},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Frustration is a powerful instigator of anger-based aggression. We hypothesized that the impact of a frustration on anger and aggressive behavior is reduced in a state of feeling relaxed, which is considered incompatible with the experience of anger. Seventy-nine participants received frustrating feedback either when sitting upright or sitting in a reclined position and were then given a chance to act aggressively toward the frustrator. Feelings of anger and relaxation were assessed before and after the frustration. Participants in the reclined position felt more relaxed than those sitting upright, which indirectly predicted less aggressive behavior via lower anger. The results are consistent with theories of incompatible states and embodiment and have implications for using body-related cues to mitigate anger-based aggression.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HollKirschRohlfetal.2017,
author = {Holl, Anna Katharina and Kirsch, Fabian and Rohlf, Helena L. and Krahe, Barbara and Elsner, Birgit},
title = {Longitudinal reciprocity between theory of mind and aggression in middle childhood},
series = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
volume = {42},
journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
number = {2},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {London},
issn = {0165-0254},
doi = {10.1177/0165025417727875},
pages = {257 -- 266},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Theory of mind is one of the most important cognitive factors in social information-processing, and deficits in theory of mind have been linked to aggressive behavior in childhood. The present longitudinal study investigated reciprocal links between theory of mind and two forms of aggression - physical and relational - in middle childhood with three data waves over 3 years. Theory of mind was assessed by participants' responses to cartoons, and physical and relational aggression were assessed through teacher reports in a community sample of 1657 children (mean age at Time 1: 8 years). Structural equation modeling analyses showed that theory of mind was a negative predictor of subsequent physical and relational aggression, both from Time 1 to Time 2 as well as from Time 2 to Time 3. Moreover, relational aggression was a negative predictor of theory of mind from Time 1 to Time 2. There were no significant gender or age differences in the tested pathways. The results suggest that reciprocal and negative longitudinal relations exist between children's theory of mind and aggressive behavior. Our study extends current knowledge about the development of such relations across middle childhood.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2017,
author = {Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Gendered self-concept and the aggressive expression of driving anger},
series = {Sex roles},
volume = {79},
journal = {Sex roles},
number = {1-2},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0360-0025},
doi = {10.1007/s11199-017-0853-9},
pages = {98 -- 108},
year = {2017},
abstract = {The aggressive expression of driving anger is a risk factor for aggressive and dangerous driving behavior and is associated with a greater risk of accident involvement. The present study related positive and negative facets of a masculine and feminine self-concept to aggressive and adaptive forms of anger expression while driving. A sample of 417 drivers (194 women, 46.5\%) in Germany completed the Positive-Negative Sex Role Inventory (PN-SRI) as a measure of positive and negative masculinity and femininity and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) as a measure of driving anger expression. Aggressive forms of expressing driving anger were unrelated to gender but differed significantly in relation to gendered self-concept. Negative but not positive masculinity was found to predict higher aggressive and lower adaptive anger expression. No main effects of positive or negative femininity were found. However, the link between negative masculinity and aggressive anger expression was buffered by positive femininity: Negative masculinity was unrelated to aggressive anger expression when accompanied by positive femininity. Adaptive anger expression showed negative links with negative masculinity and positive links with positive masculinity. The findings held for both men and women and support the theoretical distinction between positive and negative facets of the gendered self-concept. The implications for the conceptualization of both gendered self-concept and anger expression on the road are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{JungKraheBusching2016,
author = {Jung, Janis Moritz and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert},
title = {Beyond the positive reinforcement of aggression},
series = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
volume = {42},
journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development},
number = {1},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {London},
issn = {0165-0254},
doi = {10.1177/0165025416671613},
pages = {73 -- 82},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Being surrounded by peers who are accepting of aggression is a significant predictor of the development and persistence of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Whereas past research has focused on social reinforcement mechanisms as the underlying processes, the present longitudinal study analysed the role of external control beliefs as an additional mediator explaining the link between peers' acceptance of aggression and the development of aggressive behaviour. Drawing on a large community sample of N = 1,466 male and female children and adolescents from Germany aged between 10 and 18 years, results of latent structural equation modeling were consistent with the hypotheses that peer acceptance of aggression would predict external control beliefs in the social domain, which in turn, should predict aggressive behaviour over time. Additional multigroup analyses showed that the predicted pathways were consistent across gender and age groups.},
language = {en}
}
@article{JungKraheBusching2017,
author = {Jung, Janis and Krahe, Barbara and Busching, Robert},
title = {Differential risk profiles for reactive and proactive aggression},
series = {Social psychology},
volume = {48},
journal = {Social psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1864-9335},
doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000298},
pages = {71 -- 84},
year = {2017},
abstract = {This two-wave longitudinal study identified configurations of social rejection, affiliation with aggressive peers, and academic failure and examined their predictivity for reactive and proactive aggression in a sample of 1,479 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 19 years. Latent profile analysis yielded three configurations of risk factors, made up of a non-risk group, a risk group scoring high on measures of social rejection (SR), and a risk group scoring high on measures of affiliation with aggressive peers and academic failure (APAF). Latent path analysis revealed that, as predicted, only membership in the SR group at T1 predicted reactive aggression at T2 17 months later. By contrast, only membership in the APAF group at T1 predicted proactive aggression at T2.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2018,
author = {Krahe, Barbara},
title = {The impact of violent media on aggression},
series = {The Routledge International Handbook of Human Aggression : Current Issues and Perspectives},
journal = {The Routledge International Handbook of Human Aggression : Current Issues and Perspectives},
publisher = {Routledge},
address = {Abingdon},
isbn = {978-1-315-61877-7},
pages = {319 -- 330},
year = {2018},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Women's exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery},
series = {Psychology of popular media},
volume = {11},
journal = {Psychology of popular media},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2160-4143},
doi = {10.1037/ppm0000348},
pages = {117 -- 124},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum.
Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBerger2020,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Berger, Anja},
title = {Correlates of victim-perpetrator overlap in sexual aggression among men and women},
series = {Psychology of violence},
volume = {10},
journal = {Psychology of violence},
number = {5},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2152-0828},
doi = {10.1037/vio0000282},
pages = {564 -- 574},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Objective: The study replicated and extended a study by Peterson, Beagley, McCallum, and Artime (2019), who studied differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors in men who were both victims and perpetrators of sexual assault, only victims, only perpetrators, or neither. They found a heightened rate of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and some evidence of greater traumatic sexualization in men who were both victims and perpetrators. Method: Our sample consisted of 2,149 college students (39.6\% male) in Germany. We measured sexual aggression perpetration and victimization, CSA, sexual self-esteem, depressive symptoms, risky sexual scripts, and risky sexual behavior. Results: Perpetration rates were significantly higher among victims than among nonvictims, and the victim-perpetrator group scored highest on CSA. A significant effect of group membership was found on measures of depressive symptoms, risky sexual scripts, and risky sexual behavior in both sex groups, mainly due to differences of the victim-only, perpetrator-only, and victim-perpetrator groups from the nonvictim-nonperpetrator group. The effect on sexual self-esteem was found for women only. Few differences emerged between the victim-only, perpetrator-only, and victim-perpetrator groups. Most associations remained significant when controlling for CSA. Conclusion: We found a substantial overlap between victimization and perpetration but no evidence for a special vulnerability of the victim-perpetrator group. Instead, experiences of victimization, perpetration, or both were linked to more negative correlates compared with individuals who were neither victims nor perpetrators. The findings need to be interpreted with caution due to the small number of individuals in the perpetrator-only and victim-perpetrator groups.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBerger2017,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Berger, Anja},
title = {Longitudinal pathways of sexual victimization, sexual self-esteem, and depression in women and men},
series = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
volume = {9},
journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1942-9681},
doi = {10.1037/tra0000198},
pages = {147 -- 155},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Objective: This article presents a longitudinal analysis of the links between sexual assault victimization, depression, and sexual self-esteem by examining their cross-lagged paths among both men and women. Method: Male and female college students (N = 2,425) in Germany participated in the study that comprised 3 data waves in their first, second, and third year of university, separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual assault victimization was assessed at Time 1 (T1) since the age of 14 and at Time 2 (T2) and Time 3 (T3) for the last 12 months. Depression and sexual self-esteem were measured at each wave. Results: Random-intercept cross-lagged panel analyses, controlling for individual differences in depression and sexual self-esteem, showed that sexual assault at T1 predicted depression and lower sexual self-esteem at T2, and depression and lower self-esteem at T2 predicted sexual assault victimization at T3. In addition, significant paths were found from T1 depression to T2 sexual assault victimization and from T2 sexual assault victimization to depression at T3. Sexual victimization at T1 was indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3 via depression at T2. Both depression and sexual self-esteem at T1 were indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3. The paths did not differ significantly between men and women. Conclusion: Sexual assault victimization was shown to be a risk factor for both depression as a general mental health indicator and lowered sexual self-esteem as a specific outcome in the domain of sexuality. Moreover, depression and sexual self-esteem increased the vulnerability for sexual assault victimization, which has implications for prevention and intervention efforts. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2021,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The effects of sexualized video game characters and character personalization on women's self-objectification and body satisfaction},
series = {Journal of experimental social psychology},
volume = {92},
journal = {Journal of experimental social psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {San Diego},
issn = {0022-1031},
doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104051},
pages = {10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Female role models in video games are rare, and if they are present, they are often heavily sexualized. Objectification theory suggests that exposure to sexualized media characters increases self-objectification and decreases body satisfaction in female users. This study investigated the effect of playing a video game with a sexualized versus a nonsexualized character on women's experiences of self-objectification and body satisfaction. We further studied the effect of character personalization as a core feature of video games on the relation between sexualized avatars, self-objectification and body satisfaction. N = 262 female participants reported state self-objectification and body satisfaction after 30 min of playing the video game The Sims 4 with a sexualized or nonsexualized avatar that was either generic or personalized to look like the participant. We predicted that controlling for trait self-objectification, playing the game with a sexualized character would increase state self-objectification, especially in the personalized condition. Regarding the effect of character sexualization on body satisfaction, competing hypotheses based on priming vs. the Proteus effect were tested, considering character personalization and enjoyment of sexualization as moderators and controlling for trait body satisfaction. The current study did not find evidence for the proposed hypotheses. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of objectification theory in explaining effects of sexualized models in interactive media.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuschingKrahe2020,
author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {With a little help from their peers},
series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
volume = {49},
journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
number = {9},
publisher = {Springer Science},
address = {New York},
issn = {0047-2891},
doi = {10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8},
pages = {1849 -- 1863},
year = {2020},
abstract = {Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBerger2021,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Berger, Anja},
title = {Pathways from college students' cognitive scripts for consensual sex to sexual victimization},
series = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
volume = {58},
journal = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
number = {9},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {New York},
issn = {0022-4499},
doi = {10.1080/00224499.2021.1972922},
pages = {1130 -- 1139},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Sexual scripts serve as cognitive representations of typical elements of sexual interactions that guide sexual behavior. To the extent that cognitive scripts for consensual sex comprise elements associated with a risk of experiencing nonconsensual sex, they may be indirectly linked to sexual victimization via risky sexual behavior. A longitudinal study with 2,425 college students in Germany (58\% female) examined pathways from sexual scripts for consensual sex, sexual behavior, and sexual victimization over three data waves separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual scripts and behavior were defined as risky to the extent that they include known vulnerability factors for sexual victimization (casual sex, alcohol consumption, ambiguous communication of sexual intentions). Path analyses confirmed that more risky sexual scripts prospectively predicted more risky sexual behavior, which predicted higher odds of sexual victimization. The findings held for men and women and participants with exclusively opposite-sex and both same- and opposite-sex contacts. Moreover, reciprocal influences between risky scripts and risky sexual behavior were found over time, confirming the proposed mutual reinforcement of scripts and behavior. The findings have implications for conceptualizing the role of scripts for consensual sex as vulnerability factors for sexual victimization among women and men and may inform intervention efforts.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2020,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Risk cactors for the development of aggressive behavior from middle childhood to adolescence},
series = {Current directions in psychological science},
volume = {29},
journal = {Current directions in psychological science},
number = {4},
publisher = {Sage},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0963-7214},
doi = {10.1177/0963721420917721},
pages = {333 -- 339},
year = {2020},
abstract = {In this article, I examine the development of aggressive behavior from middle childhood to adolescence as a result of the interaction between the person and the environment and discuss implications for intervention measures. Three main questions are addressed and illustrated by examples from recent research: What are intrapersonal risk factors for the development and persistence of aggressive behavior from middle childhood to adolescence? What factors in the social environment contribute to the development of aggressive behavior? How do individual dispositions and environmental risk factors interact to explain developmental trajectories of aggressive behavior?},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheUhlmannHerzberg2021,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Uhlmann, Andreas and Herzberg, Meike},
title = {The voice gives it away},
series = {Social psychology},
volume = {52},
journal = {Social psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber},
address = {Bern},
issn = {1864-9335},
doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000441},
pages = {101 -- 113},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of more feminine traits and greater likability. The high-pitch female speaker was rated as less competent, and the high-pitch male speaker was perceived as less masculine. Text content and participants' gendered self-concept did not moderate the pitch effect. The findings underline the importance of voice pitch for impression formation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DeSchrijverFomenkoKraheetal.2022,
author = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Fomenko, Elizaveta and Krahe, Barbara and Roelens, Kristien and Vander Beken, Tom and Keygnaert, Ines},
title = {Minority Identity, Othering-Based Stress, and Sexual Violence},
series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
volume = {19},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {1661-7827},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19074221},
pages = {19},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background: Some (minority) groups (MGs) are more vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) exposure than others. Othering-based stress (OBS) may mediate the relationship between minority identification and SV. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SV in different MGs to explore the relationship between minority identification and SV, to investigate whether belonging to multiple MGs moderates this relationship, and to explore OBS SV moderation for different MGs. Method: Through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium, data was collected from 4632 persons, of whom 21.01\% self-identified as belonging to a MG (SI-Minority). SV prevalence was measured using behaviorally specific questions based on the WHO definition of SV. SI-Minority participants received an additional scale on OBS. Results: SI-Minority participants reported more SV victimization compared to the non-minorities. However, this increased risk was not moderated by minority identification but linked to the socio-demographic SV risk markers common to minority individuals. Multiple-minority participants were found more at risk of SV compared to single-minority respondents. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, pan-/omnisexual, asexual, and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) participants were found more at risk than heterosexual participants. OBS was found to be significantly correlated to SV in sexual and gender minorities and in cultural minorities. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{EnsafdaranKraheNjadetal.2019,
author = {Ensafdaran, Faride and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Njad, Soodabe Bassak and Arshadi, Nasrin},
title = {Efficacy of different versions of Aggression Replacement Training (ART)},
series = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journal},
volume = {47},
journal = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journal},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1359-1789},
doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.006},
pages = {230 -- 237},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is a multimodal intervention for chronically aggressive youth. The program has been frequently administered in a variety of samples in the original form or in modified versions. This review examines evaluations of the efficacy of ART on aggressive behavior and secondary outcomes in children and youth, including modifications of ART and evaluations of the original version not covered by earlier reviews. Method: Scholarly databases were searched to identify 10 articles reporting 11 independent studies evaluating the efficacy ART in reducing aggressive behavior and improving anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning in children and youth. Results: The majority of studies found positive effects of ART on aggression and other outcomes related to anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning. However, most studies were based on small samples, and few included a control group to evaluate intervention success. Conclusions: The studies reviewed in this paper tentatively suggest that ART is an efficacious intervention to reduce aggressive behavior and improve anger control, social skills, and moral reasoning in at-risk children and youth. However, this conclusion is qualified by a number of methodological limitations that highlight the need for further, more rigorous evaluation studies.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchusterKrahe2019,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krahe, Barbara},
title = {Predictors of sexual aggression perpetration among male and female college students},
series = {Sexual abuse : official journal of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA)},
volume = {31},
journal = {Sexual abuse : official journal of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA)},
number = {3},
publisher = {Sage},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1079-0632},
doi = {10.1177/1079063218793632},
pages = {318 -- 343},
year = {2019},
abstract = {This two-wave longitudinal study examined risky sexual scripts and sexual behavior regarding consensual sexual interactions, sexual self-esteem, initiation assertiveness, and religiosity as predictors of sexual aggression perpetration in a cross-cultural comparison of college students in Chile and Turkey. As predicted, risky sexual scripts were linked to higher odds of perpetration through more risky sexual behavior cross-sectionally in both the Chilean and the Turkish sample and indirectly predicted perpetration 12 months later. High sexual self-esteem increased the likelihood of perpetration via higher initiation assertiveness in the Turkish sample only. High religiosity reduced the odds of perpetration through less risky sexual scripts and less risky sexual behavior in both samples. In addition, high religiosity increased the probability of perpetration through lower sexual self-esteem in the Turkish sample. Implications of these findings and the role of cultural factors contributing to the differential functioning of religiosity and sexual self-esteem are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SchusterKraheIlabacaBaezaetal.2016,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Ilabaca Baeza, Paola and Munoz-Reyes, Jose Antonio},
title = {Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104684},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression among college students is primarily based on studies from Western countries. In Chile, a South American country strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, little research on sexual aggression among college students is available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 14 (the legal age of consent) in a sample of male and female students aged between 18 and 29 years from five Chilean universities (N = 1135), to consider possible gender differences, and to study the extent to which alcohol was involved in the reported incidents of perpetration and victimization. Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration was measured with a Chilean Spanish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S), which includes three coercive strategies (use or threat of physical force, exploitation of an incapacitated state, and verbal pressure), three victim-perpetrator constellations (current or former partners, friends/acquaintances, and strangers), and four sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted sexual intercourse, completed sexual intercourse, and other sexual acts, such as oral sex). Overall, 51.9\% of women and 48.0\% of men reported at least one incident of sexual victimization, and 26.8\% of men and 16.5\% of women reported at least one incident of sexual aggression perpetration since the age of 14. For victimization, only few gender differences were found, but significantly more men than women reported sexual aggression perpetration. A large proportion of perpetrators also reported victimization experiences. Regarding victim-perpetrator relationship, sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were more common between persons who knew each other than between strangers. Alcohol use by the perpetrator, victim, or both was involved in many incidents of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration, particularly among strangers. The present data are the first to provide a systematic and detailed picture of sexual aggression among college students in Chile, including victimization and perpetration reports by both men and women and confirming the critical role of alcohol established in past research from Western countries.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheAbrahamScheinbergerOlwig2006,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Abraham, Charles and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate},
title = {Can safer-sex promotion leaflets change cognitive antecedents of condom use? : an experimental evaluation},
issn = {1359-107X},
year = {2006},
abstract = {An experimental evaluation of a safer sex promotion leaflet was undertaken to assess its capacity to change antecedent cognitions of condom use. The leaflet was identified in a previous study as addressing research-based cognitive antecedents of condom use. A pre-post-test experimental study including three conditions was conducted: (a) presentation of the leaflet; (b) presentation of the leaflet plus incentive for systematic processing; (c) no-leaflet control. The leaflet was evaluated in terms of its capacity to change eight cognitive correlates of condom use identified in a recent meta-analysis. The sample consisted of 230 tenth-grade students. Following baseline assessments, leaflet-induced change was measured immediately following the intervention and at a follow up 4 weeks post-intervention. The target leaflet alone did not result in significant changes in the cognitive antecedents of condom use compared with the control condition. However, in combination with an incentive for systematic processing, the target leaflet had a greater impact on cognitive antecedents than the no-leaflet control condition. The findings are discussed with regard to the development and evaluation of research-based health-promotion materials},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheAltwasser2006,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Altwasser, Colette},
title = {Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities: an experimental intervention},
issn = {1052-9284},
doi = {10.1002/casp.849},
year = {2006},
abstract = {An experimental study was designed and tested to change negative attitudes towards the physically disabled. A pre-post-test intervention was conducted including three conditions: (a) cognitive intervention; (b) cognitive and behavioural intervention involving equal-status contact with the target group; (c) no-intervention control. The sample consisted of 70 ninth grade students. Following baseline assessments of attitudes, attitude change was measured immediately following the intervention and at a follow-up three months post-intervention. The cognitive intervention provided information about physical disability and challenged stereotypic conceptions about the physically disabled. The behavioural intervention consisted of engaging in three paralympic disciplines under the instruction of a group of disabled athletes. The cognitive intervention alone did not result in significant changes in attitudes towards the physically disabled. However, the combined cognitive-behavioural intervention resulted in greater attitude change than the no-intervention condition, both immediately post-intervention and at a three months follow-up. The findings are discussed with regard to models of attitude change through equal-status contact.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2005,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Cognitive coping with the threat of rape : Vigilance and cognitive avoidance},
issn = {0022-3506},
year = {2005},
abstract = {Individual differences in women's avoidant and vigilant style in coping with the threat of rape were explored in four studies. In the first study, 97 women read a rape scenario and completed measures of cognitive vigilance and avoidance. They also provided ratings of fear of rape and anticipated coping problems in case of sexual assault. Vigilance was associated with significantly higher levels of fear of rape and anticipation of more severe coping problems. No effects were found for cognitive avoidance. Study 2 replicated these findings with a sample of 275 women. In addition, it showed that high vigilance was associated with significantly more rape-preventive behaviors. Study 3, including 172 women, was an online study on the effect of cognitive coping style on fear of rape, anticipated coping problems, and two behavioral measures of rape avoidance. High vigilance was related to higher levels of fear of rape, anticipation of more severe coping problems, and more rape-preventive behaviors. Finally, Study 4 (N = 2 10) showed that individual differences in cognitive coping style affected rape-related affect and behavior in the absence of a rape scenario, underlining the chronic salience of the threat of rape for women. Vigilance was positively related to fear of rape, rape-avoidance behavior, and anticipated coping problems. In contrast, a negative relationship was found between cognitive avoidance and fear of rape, rape-avoidance strategies, and anticipated coping problems. Across the four studies, no evidence was found for an interactive effect of cognitive avoidance and vigilance, as suggested by the construct of repression versus sensitization. The findings are discussed in the light of previous research on repression- sensitization in coping with threatening information},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheAbrahamFelberetal.2005,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Abraham, Charles and Felber, Juliane and Helbig, M. K.},
title = {Perceived discrimination of international visitors to universities in Germany and the UK},
issn = {0007-1269},
year = {2005},
abstract = {The extent to which international students and academics feel discriminated against in the host country was explored in three samples from two countries: students in Germany (N = 161), students in the UK (N = 139), and academics in Germany (N = 79). Respondents completed a measure of perceived discrimination of increasing severity, comprising antilocution (verbal derogation), avoidance, behavioural discrimination, and physical assault. Physical discernibility as foreigner, quality of private contacts with host nationals, and language proficiency were explored as predictors of perceived discrimination. Across the three samples, respondents who were identifiable as foreigners by their appearance reported more discrimination. Positive contacts with host nationals were associated with lower levels of perceived discrimination. Language proficiency predicted perceived antilocution in the two German samples. All samples perceived their personal level of discrimination to be lower than that of their respective in-groups (international students/ academics), but the tendency was moderated by visibility and contact quality},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1992,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Coping with rape : a social psychological perspective},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33973},
year = {1992},
abstract = {Content Social stereotypes and responsibility attributions to victims of rape Atributing responsibillty to rape victims: a German study Rape myth acceptance and responsibility judgments: a British study Police officers' definitions of rape A study on cognitive prototypes of rape Conclusion References},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1991,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Police officers' definitions of rape : a prototype study},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33922},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The study investigates police officers' definitions of different rape situations. On the basis of the concept of 'cognitive prototypes' a methodology is developed which elicits consensual feature lists describing six rape situations: the typical, i.e. most common rape, the credible, dubious, and false rape complaints as weil as the rape experiences that are particularly hard vs. relatively easy for the victim to cope with. Qualitative analysis of the data allows the identification of the characteristic features defining the prototype of each rape situation, as weil as comparisons between the situations in terms of their common and distinctive features. It is shown that police officers, while sharing some of the widely held stereotypes about rape, generally perceive rape as a serious crime with long-term negative consequences for the victim. The quantitative analysis of prototype similarity between the six situations corroborates this conclusion by demonstrating a high similarity between the prototypes of the typical and the credible rape situation: In addition, subjects' general attitude towards rape victims is measured to compare the prototypes provided by respondents holding a positive vs. negative attitude towards rape victims. Findings for the two groups, however, reveal more similarities than differences in their descriptions of rape prototypes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the feasibility of the prototype approach presented in this study as a strategy for investigating implicit or common-sense theories of rape.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1992,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Personality and language},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34073},
year = {1992},
abstract = {Content Introduction Towards a framework for personality and language Personality and language Personal pronouns Adjectives as disposilional markers Cognitive properties of trait terms Everyday language and personality Speech end personality Conclusions and directions References},
language = {en}
}
@misc{EckesKraheSix1989,
author = {Eckes, Thomas and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Six, Bernd},
title = {Predicting behavior in natural settings : four field studies},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33862},
year = {1989},
abstract = {Content Basic Concepts and Applied Perspectives in Attitude-Behavior Research Searching for Medium-Range Models of Behavior Prediction Putting the Models to Test General Discussion References},
language = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSemin1987,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Semin, G{\"u}n R.},
title = {Lay conceptions of personality : eliciting tiers of a scientific conception of personality},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33827},
year = {1987},
abstract = {Two studies are reported which examine the availability of scientific propositions of personality in lay conceptions of personality. It is argued from a social constructivist perspective that models of personality must derive from and refer to lay conceptions of persons. Eysenck's trait-type model of introversion-extroversion, containing specific propositions about phenotypic and genotypic differences between extraverts and introverts, was utilized as the scientific model of personality and its availability in lay conceptions of personality was examined in two studies. In the first study, subjects were presented with a genotypic characterization of either an introvert or an extravert target person and asked to infer corresponding phenotypic differences. In the second study, the inference process was reversed with subjects being asked to infer genotypic characteristics of introverts versus extraverts on the basis of phenotypic target person descriptions of the two types. Results from both studies show a high degree of accuracy in subjects' inferences, suggesting that laypersons have well-formed conceptions about personality containing 'higher-order' psychogenetic propositions corresponding to Eysenck's trait-type model. The implications of the findings for theory construction are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSemin1988,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Semin, G{\"u}n R.},
title = {Explaining perceived cross-situational consistency : intuitive psychometrics or semantic mediation?},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33847},
year = {1988},
abstract = {Recent studies at the interface of social cognition and personality theory have stressed lay persons' ability to 'function as intuitive psychometricians' (Epstein and Teraspulsky, 1986). This research argues that lay persons not only show a substantial degree of accuracy in estimating cross-situational generality of behaviour, but also take into account principles of aggregation over time. In contrast, it is argued here that lay persons' perceptions of the degree of relatedness of different behaviours are mediated largely by the decontextualized semantic relationships between behavioural descriptions. This argument finds support in two experimental studies which demonstrate that the main source for subjects' judgments of 'cross-situational consistency' can be found in an abstracted knowledge base which is represented and mediated through language. The implications of the findings are drawn out for personality research. in particular with reference to domain and item selection in questionnaires for research.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1988,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Victim and observer characteristics as determinants of responsibility attributions to victims of rape},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33833},
year = {1988},
abstract = {Two field studies were conducted lo investigate the influence of observer and victim characteristics on attributions of victim and assailant responsibility in a rape case. In the first study, male and female subjects completed a measure of rape myth acceptance and were presented with a rape account after which they were asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant. In the second study, a new sample was asked to attribute responsibility to victim and assailant on the basis of one of two rape accounts in which victim's pre-rape behavior was manipulated. Results showed that both rape myth acceptance and victims' pre-rape behavior in influenced the degree of responsibility attributed to victims and assailants. No significant effects of subject gender were found. A more complex conceptualization is suggested of the link between observer and victim characteristics in social reactions to and evaluations of rape victims.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSemin1989,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Semin, G{\"u}n R.},
title = {In search of explanations : a rejoinder to Borkenau},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33859},
year = {1989},
abstract = {The main points raised by Borkenau against our challenge of the 'intuitive psychometrics' view of personality judgements are discussed, in particular his example of the link between school grades and intelligence. It is argued that the semantic similarity interpretation advanced in our paper is more adequate and more parsimonious than explanations in terms of psychometric reasoning.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1990,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Situation cognition and coherence in personality : an individual-centered approach},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33554},
year = {1990},
abstract = {This volume reexamines the long-standing controversy about consistency in personality from a social psychological perspective. Barabara Krah{\´e} reconsiders the concept of consistency in terms of the systematic coherence of situation cognition and behaviour across situations. In the first part of the volume she undertakes an examination of recent social psychological models of situation cognition for their ability to clarify the principles underlying the perception of situational similarities. She then advances an individual-centred methedology in which nomothetic hypotheses about cross-situational coherence are tested on the basis of idiogrphic measurement of situation cognition and behaviour. In the second part of the volume, a series of empirical studies is reported which apply the individual-centred framework to the analysis of cross-situational coherence in the domain of anxiety-provoking situations. These studies are distinctive in that they extend over several months and use free-response data; they are based on idiographic sampling; and they employ explicit theoretical models to capture the central features of situation perception. The results demonstrate the benefits of integrating idiographic and nomothetic research strategies and exploiting the advantages of both perspectives.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1991,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Social psychological issues in the study of rape},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33903},
year = {1991},
abstract = {The chapter presents a social psychological approach to the study of rape and sexual assault. Two issues are at the core of this approach: identifying the critical variables that affect attributions of responsibility to victims of rape. and exploring people's subjective definitions of rape, which may differ markedly from legal definitions. Following a review of the American evidence, a series of studies conductcd in two European countries is presented to address these issues.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1985,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Die Zuschreibung von Verantwortlichkeit nach Vergewaltigung : Opfer und T{\"a}ter im Dickicht der attributionstheoretischen Forschung},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34454},
year = {1985},
abstract = {Die Zuschreibung von Verantwortlichkeit an Vergewaltigungsopfer und -t{\"a}ter in sozialen Urteilsprozessen hat sich im Zuge einer st{\"a}rkeren Anwendungsorientierung der attributionstheoretischen Forschung zu einem eigenst{\"a}ndigen Themenschwerpunkt entwickelt. Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden {\"o}ffentlichen Problembewußtseins ist zu fragen, welchen Beitrag die Attributionsforschung aktuell undpotentiell zur Kl{\"a}rung der Bedingungen und Konsequenzen von Verantwortungsurteilen {\"u}ber Opfer und T{\"a}ter von Vergewaltigungsdelikten leisten kann.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{KraheKundrotas1992,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Kundrotas, Silvia},
title = {Glaubw{\"u}rdigkeitsbeurteilung bei Vergewaltigungsanzeigen : ein aussagenanalytisches Feldexperiment},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34300},
year = {1992},
abstract = {Die Studie untersucht die Frage, ob sich anhand eines bereits bei kindlichen Zeugenaussagen bew{\"a}hrten Katalogs von Glaubhaftigkeitskriterien zwischen wahren und falschen Vergewaltigungsanzeigen unterscheiden l{\"a}ßt. Das Fallmaterial bestand aus dreißig authentischen Vernehmungsprotokollen, von denen je die H{\"a}lfte eingestandene Falschaussagen bzw. anhand von T{\"a}tergest{\"a}ndnissen oder Indizien als wahr klassifizierte Aussagen waren. Erfahrene Polizeibeamte aus dem Bereich Sexualstraftaten (N = 30) beurteilten diese F{\"a}lle anhand des Kriterienkatalogs von Steiler und K{\"o}hnken (1989) und gaben ein abschließendes Urteil {\"u}ber die Glaubw{\"u}rdigkeit jedes Falles ab. Eine zweite Gruppe von Polizeibeamten (N=22) beurteilte die F{\"a}lle ohne R{\"u}ckgriff auf Realkennzeichen als wahr bzw, falsch. Die diskriminanzanalytische Auswertung der Ergebnisse zeigt, daß der Kriterienkatalog insgesamt gut dazu geeignet ist, zwischen wahren und falschen Vergewaltigungsanzeigen zu differenzieren. Die Ergebnisse der schrittweisen Diskriminanzanalyse zeigen dar{\"u}ber hinaus, welche Glaubhaftigkeitskriterien im einzelnen einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Trennung zwischen Wahr- und Falschaussagen leisten. Der h{\"o}here Prozentsatz korrekter Klassifikationen in der Gruppe, die die Realkennzeichen verwendete, erreichte allerdings nur knapp statistische Signifikanz. Insgesamt st{\"u}tzt die vorliegende Studie die Grundannahme der Aussagenanalyse, daß die Analyse der sprachlichen Merkmale einer Aussage einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Beurteilung des Wahrheitsgehalts einer Anzeige leisten kann.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1989,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Vergewaltigung : eine sozialpsychologische Analyse},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34478},
year = {1989},
abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet Vergewaltigung und sexuelle N{\"o}tigung als soziale Probleme, die das Zusammenwirken von allgemeinen gesellschaftlichen Normen und vorherrschenden Einstellungen zu sexueller Gewalt gegen Frauen widerspiegeln. Ausgehend von einem kurzen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die juristischen und alltagspsychologischen Definitionen von Vergewaltigung und sexueller N{\"o}tigung stehen zwei Fragestellungen im Mittelpunkt: Zun{\"a}chst werden sozialpsychologische Befunde zur Zuschreibung von Mitverantwortung an Opfer von Vergewaltigungen diskutiert, in denen Einflußvariablen auf Opfer-, T{\"a}ter- und Beurteilerseite (z.B. sozialer Status des Opfers und Geschlechtsrollenorientierung des Beurteilers) identifiziert werden, die die Verantwortungszuschreibung an das Opfer bestimmen. Im zweiten Teil werden die psychologischen Konsequenzen einer Vergewaltigung f{\"u}r das Opfer unter Bezug auf das von Burgess und Holmstrom (1974) diagnostizierte Vergewaltigungstrauma-Syndrom diskutiert sowie neuere Ans{\"a}tze zur therapeutischen Betreuung vergewaltigter Frauen vorgestellt.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1987,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Attributionsstrategien und Identit{\"a}tsdynamik},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34460},
year = {1987},
abstract = {Inhalt: 1 Selbstwertdienliche Attributionen von Erfolg und Mißerfolg 2 „Selbstbehinderung" zur Vorbeugung gegen Verantwortlichkeit f{\"u}r Mißerfolg 3 Attributionen in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit: Identit{\"a}tsbehauptung durch Selbstdarstellung? 4 Personale Kontrolle und Attribution 5 Geschlechtsrollen-Identit{\"a}t und Attributionen f{\"u}r Erfolg und Mißerfolg 6 Zusammenfassung},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1985,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Verantwortungszuschreibungen in der sozialen Eindrucksbildung {\"u}ber Vergewaltigungsopfer und-t{\"a}ter : zur Replikation einiger amerikanischer Ergebnisse an einer deutschen Stichprobe},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34446},
year = {1985},
abstract = {Aus der Vielzahl der in amerikanischen Studien untersuchten Einflußgr{\"o}ßen auf die Verantwortungsattributionen von Beobachtern an T{\"a}ter und Opfer in Vergewaltigungsdelikten wurden die auf Opfer-, T{\"a}ter- und Beurteilerseite am besten best{\"a}tigten Variablen herausgegriffen und einer Vergleichsuntersuchung mit einer deutschen Stichprobe zugrundegelegt: der soziale Status des Opfers, der soziale Status des T{\"a}ters und die Geschlechtszugeh{\"o}rigkeit der Beurteiler. 75 Versuchspersonen sahen einen Filmausschnitt, in dem eine Frau ihre Vergewaltigung schildert. Vor der Beurteilung der Verantwortlichkeit des Opfers und des T{\"a}ters erhielten die Vpn unterschiedliche Informationen {\"u}ber den sozialen Status des Opfers und des T{\"a}ters. Die Ausgangshypothesen wurden nur zum Teil best{\"a}tigt. Dem statush{\"o}heren Opfer wurde weniger Verantwortung zugeschrieben als dem itatusniedrigen, dem statush{\"o}heren T{\"a}ter wurde mehr Verantwortung zugeschrieben als dem statusniedrigen. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede zwischen den Beurteilern wurden nicht ermittelt.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1986,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Similar perceptions, similar reactions : an idiographic approach to cross-situational coherence},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34435},
year = {1986},
abstract = {The study provides a test of the interactionist concept of behavioral coherence across situations. Following an approach suggested by D. Magnusson and B. Ekehammer (1978, Journal of Research in Personality, 12, 41-48), individual correlations between self-reported behavior patterns and perceived similarity ratings across anxiety-provoking situations are obtained as measures of coherence. Unlike the Magnusson and Ekehammar study, the present measures of situation cognition and behavior are based on an idiographic sampling of anxiety-provoking situations. As a step toward concept-based measurement of situation cognition, further measures of perceived situational similarity are derived from the script, prototype, and social episodes models in social psychology and correlated with cross-situational similarity of behavioral profiles. It is demonstrated, in comparison with the findings of Magnusson and Ekehammar, that correlations between similarity ratings and behavior patterns increase substantially as a result of an idiographic sampling of situations. Moreover, it is shown that "script," "prototype," and "social episode" measures can be utilized to investigate the covariation between situation cognition and behavior, thus contributing to the clarification of the principles of cognitive representation of situational experience.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SixKrahe1984,
author = {Six, Bernd and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Implicit psychologists' estimates of attitude-behaviour consistencies},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34427},
year = {1984},
abstract = {To investigate the relationship between implicit psychological hypotheses and explicit empirical findings, summaries of twenty published studies on attitude-behaviour consistency were presented to a sample of forty-eight psychology undergraduates. Subjects were asked to estimate the percentage of agreement between attitudes and behaviour obtained by each study. Correlations between subjects' covariation judgements and empirically obtained attitude-behaviour consistencies were minimal and nonsignificant. Results are discussed in the light of more recent research on attitudebehaviour relationship.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SchusterKraheTopluDemirtaş2016,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Toplu-Demirta{\c{s}}, Ezgi},
title = {Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a Sample of Female and Male College Students in Turkey},
doi = {10.1080/00224499.2016.1207057},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-96357},
pages = {1 -- 14},
year = {2016},
abstract = {In Turkey, there is a shortage of studies on the prevalence of sexual aggression among young adults. The present study examined sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 15 in a convenience sample of N = 1,376 college students (886 women) from four public universities in Ankara, Turkey. Prevalence rates for different coercive strategies, victim-perpetrator constellations, and sexual acts were measured with a Turkish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Overall, 77.6\% of women and 65.5\% of men reported at least one instance of sexual aggression victimization, and 28.9\% of men and 14.2\% of women reported at least one instance of sexual aggression perpetration. Prevalence rates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were highest for current or former partners, followed by acquaintances/friends and strangers. Alcohol was involved in a substantial proportion of the reported incidents. The findings are the first to provide systematic evidence on sexual aggression perpetration and victimization among college students in Turkey, including both women and men.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MoellerKraheBuschingetal.2012,
author = {Moeller, Ingrid and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Krause, Christina},
title = {Efficacy of an intervention to reduce the use of media violence and aggression an experimental evaluation with adolescents in Germany},
series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
volume = {41},
journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0047-2891},
doi = {10.1007/s10964-011-9654-6},
pages = {105 -- 120},
year = {2012},
abstract = {Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1\% girls) were assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2). The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group. Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression. No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheMoellerKirwiletal.2011,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Moeller, Ingrid and Kirwil, Lucyna and Huesmann, L. Rowell and Felber, Juliane and Berger, Anja},
title = {Desensitization to media violence links with habitual media violence exposure, aggressive cognitions, and aggressive behavior},
series = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
volume = {100},
journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
number = {4},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0022-3514},
doi = {10.1037/a0021711},
pages = {630 -- 646},
year = {2011},
abstract = {This study examined the links between desensitization to violent media stimuli and habitual media violence exposure as a predictor and aggressive cognitions and behavior as outcome variables. Two weeks after completing measures of habitual media violence exposure, trait aggression, trait arousability, and normative beliefs about aggression, undergraduates (N = 303) saw a violent film clip and a sad or a funny comparison clip. Skin conductance level (SCL) was measured continuously, and ratings of anxious and pleasant arousal were obtained after each clip. Following the clips, participants completed a lexical decision task to measure accessibility of aggressive cognitions and a competitive reaction time task to measure aggressive behavior. Habitual media violence exposure correlated negatively with SCL during violent clips and positively with pleasant arousal, response times for aggressive words, and trait aggression, but it was unrelated to anxious arousal and aggressive responding during the reaction time task. In path analyses controlling for trait aggression, normative beliefs, and trait arousability, habitual media violence exposure predicted faster accessibility of aggressive cognitions, partly mediated by higher pleasant arousal. Unprovoked aggression during the reaction time task was predicted by lower anxious arousal. Neither habitual media violence usage nor anxious or pleasant arousal predicted provoked aggression during the laboratory task, and SCL was unrelated to aggressive cognitions and behavior. No relations were found between habitual media violence viewing and arousal in response to the sad and funny film clips, and arousal in response to the sad and funny clips did not predict aggressive cognitions or aggressive behavior on the laboratory task. This suggests that the observed desensitization effects are specific to violent content.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheMoeller2011,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid},
title = {Links between self-reported media violence exposure and teacher ratings of aggression and prosocial behavior among German adolescents},
series = {Journal of adolescence},
volume = {34},
journal = {Journal of adolescence},
number = {2},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {London},
issn = {0140-1971},
doi = {10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.05.003},
pages = {279 -- 287},
year = {2011},
abstract = {The relations between adolescents' habitual usage of media violence and their tendency to engage in aggressive and prosocial behavior in a school setting were examined in a cross-sectional study with 1688 7th and 8th graders in Germany who completed measures of violent media exposure and normative acceptance of aggression. For each participant, ratings of prosocial and aggressive behavior were obtained from their class teacher. Media violence exposure was a unique predictor of teacher-rated aggression even when relevant covariates were considered, and it predicted prosocial behavior over and above gender. Path analyses confirmed a direct positive link from media violence usage to teacher-rated aggression for girls and boys, but no direct negative link to prosocial behavior was found. Indirect pathways were identified to higher aggressive and lower prosocial behavior via the acceptance of aggression as normative. Although there were significant gender differences in media violence exposure, aggression, and prosocial behavior, similar path models were identified for boys and girls.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BieneckKrahe2011,
author = {Bieneck, Steffen and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery is there a double standard?},
series = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
volume = {26},
journal = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence},
number = {9},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0886-2605},
doi = {10.1177/0886260510372945},
pages = {1785 -- 1797},
year = {2011},
abstract = {Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBieneck2012,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen},
title = {The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior},
series = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society},
volume = {42},
journal = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society},
number = {2},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {0021-9029},
doi = {10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x},
pages = {271 -- 290},
year = {2012},
abstract = {Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LangeKrahe2014,
author = {Lange, Jens and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The effects of information form and domain-specific knowledge on choice deferral},
series = {Journal of economic psychology : research in economic psychology and behavioral economics},
volume = {43},
journal = {Journal of economic psychology : research in economic psychology and behavioral economics},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0167-4870},
doi = {10.1016/j.joep.2014.05.001},
pages = {92 -- 104},
year = {2014},
abstract = {Three studies examined the effect of information form on choice deferral in consumer choice and explored the moderating role of knowledge about the product domain. Two theoretical approaches were contrasted: (1) The process approach predicting that choice deferral varies as a function of information form, and (2) the communication approach predicting an interaction of information form and domain-specific knowledge. Participants were presented with different laptops described in an absolute (e.g. '300 GB hard disc'), evaluative-numerical (e.g. 'hard disc with 30 out of 100 points in an expert rating') or evaluative-verbal (e.g. 'bad hard disc') information form, and they could choose to buy one of the laptops or defer. Domain-specific knowledge was also assessed. In Study 1, evaluative-numerical and evaluative-verbal values led to more deferral in people with high domain-specific knowledge. The pattern for evaluative-numerical and evaluative-verbal values was replicated for a different information organization in Study 2. Study 3 showed that absolute values led to more deferral the less knowledgeable participants were and demonstrated that domain-specific knowledge and deferral were unrelated when absolute and evaluative-verbal values were presented in combination. In sum, the results support the communication approach and have methodological implications for decision research and theoretical implications for understanding choice deferral in real-life decisions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBusching2014,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert},
title = {Interplay of normative beliefs and behavior in developmental patterns of physical and relational aggression in adolescence: a four-wave longitudinal study},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {5},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01146},
pages = {11},
year = {2014},
abstract = {In a longitudinal study with N = 1,854 adolescents from Germany, we investigated patterns of change and gender differences in physical and relational aggression in relation to normative beliefs about these two forms of aggression. Participants, whose mean age was 13 years at T1, completed self-report measures of physically and relationally aggressive behavior and indicated their normative approval of both forms of aggression at four data waves separated by 12-month intervals. Boys scored higher than did girls on both forms of aggression, but the gender difference was more pronounced for physical aggression. Physical aggression decreased and relational aggression increased over the four data waves in both gender groups. The normative acceptance of both forms of aggression decreased over time, with a greater decrease for the approval of physical aggression. In both gender groups, normative approval of relational aggression prospectively predicted relational aggression across all data waves, and the normative approval of physical aggression predicted physically aggressive behavior at the second and third data waves. A reciprocal reinforcement of aggressive norms and behavior was found for both forms of aggression. The findings are discussed as supporting a social information processing perspective on developmental patterns of change in physical and relational aggression in adolescence.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheMoellerBergeretal.2011,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Berger, Anja and Felber, Juliane},
title = {Repression versus sensitization in response to media violence as predictors of cognitive avoidance and vigilance},
series = {Journal of personality},
volume = {79},
journal = {Journal of personality},
number = {1},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Malden},
issn = {0022-3506},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00674.x},
pages = {165 -- 190},
year = {2011},
abstract = {Repression and sensitization as situational modes of coping with anxiety were examined as predictors of trait measures of cognitive avoidance and vigilance. In this study, 303 undergraduates saw a violent film clip to elicit anxiety. Increases in skin conductance level (SCL) and state anxiety (STA) from baseline were measured to identify repressors (high SCL, low STA) and contrast them with sensitizers (low SCL, high STA) and genuinely low anxious individuals (low SCL, low STA). State anger was also recorded. Trait measures of vigilance and cognitive avoidance were collected 2 weeks earlier. Significant SCL x STA interactions indicated that repressors scored higher on cognitive avoidance and lower on vigilance compared to sensitizers and low anxious participants. Repressors were less likely than sensitizers to report gaze avoidance during the clip. The anger by SCL interaction was nonsignificant, suggesting that repressors and sensitizers differ specifically in the processing of anxiety rather than negative affect in general.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2011,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Pornography use, sexual scripts, and sexual aggression in adolescence},
series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie},
volume = {43},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie},
number = {3},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {0049-8637},
doi = {10.1026/0049-8637/a000044},
pages = {133 -- 141},
year = {2011},
abstract = {The link between pornography use, normative acceptance of sexual aggression, and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in sexual scripts for consensual sexual interactions was studied in a sample of 197 adolescents in Germany. Risk factors included sex after only a short acquaintanceship, alcohol and drug use in sexual interactions, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions. In addition to a measure of overall pornography use, exposure to portrayals of consensual sex, coerced sex and degrading sex was measured. Almost all participants had seen pornografic material at least once, just under half had seen depictions of coerced sex. Significant correlations were found between all measures of pornography use and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in consensual sexual scripts. Violent pornography usage showed a positive correlation with the normative acceptance of sexual aggression that was partly accounted for by sexual scripts. The findings are discussed with regard to the significance of pornografic media contents in the process of adolescents' sexual socialization.},
language = {de}
}
@article{ProtGentileAndersonetal.2014,
author = {Prot, Sara and Gentile, Douglas A. and Anderson, Craig A. and Suzuki, Kanae and Swing, Edward and Lim, Kam Ming and Horiuchi, Yukiko and Jelic, Margareta and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Wei Liuqing, and Liau, Albert K. and Khoo, Angeline and Petrescu, Poesis Diana and Sakamoto, Akira and Tajima, Sachi and Toma, Roxana Andreea and Warburton, Wayne and Zhang, Xuemin and Lam, Ben Chun Pan},
title = {Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior},
series = {Psychological science : research, theory, \& application in psychology and related sciences},
volume = {25},
journal = {Psychological science : research, theory, \& application in psychology and related sciences},
number = {2},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0956-7976},
doi = {10.1177/0956797613503854},
pages = {358 -- 368},
year = {2014},
abstract = {Despite recent growth of research on the effects of prosocial media, processes underlying these effects are not well understood. Two studies explored theoretically relevant mediators and moderators of the effects of prosocial media on helping. Study 1 examined associations among prosocial- and violent-media use, empathy, and helping in samples from seven countries. Prosocial-media use was positively associated with helping. This effect was mediated by empathy and was similar across cultures. Study 2 explored longitudinal relations among prosocial-video-game use, violent-video-game use, empathy, and helping in a large sample of Singaporean children and adolescents measured three times across 2 years. Path analyses showed significant longitudinal effects of prosocial- and violent-video-game use on prosocial behavior through empathy. Latent-growth-curve modeling for the 2-year period revealed that change in video-game use significantly affected change in helping, and that this relationship was mediated by change in empathy.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2014,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Predicting sexual aggression in male college students in Brazil},
series = {Psychology of men \& masculinity},
volume = {15},
journal = {Psychology of men \& masculinity},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1524-9220},
doi = {10.1037/a0032789},
pages = {152 -- 162},
year = {2014},
abstract = {The study is the first to provide data on risk factors for sexual aggression in male college students in Brazil. A total of N = 286 participants took part in the study, of whom a subsample of n = 120 participated in two measurements separated by a 6-month interval. Cognitive (i.e., risky sexual scripts, normative beliefs), behavioral (i.e., pornography use, sexual behavior patterns), and biographical (i.e., childhood abuse) risk factors were linked to sexual aggression both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with the path models for the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrating good fit with the data consistent with the hypotheses. The extent to which risk factors for sexual aggression (alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication) were included and normatively accepted in participants' cognitive scripts for consensual sex was linked to sexual aggression through risky sexual behavior. Risky sexual behavior was further predicted by childhood abuse, and pornography use was linked to sexual aggression via risky sexual scripts. The findings contribute evidence from Brazil to the international database on risk factors for sexual aggression in male college students.},
language = {en}
}
@article{CelebiKraheSpoerer2014,
author = {Celebi, Christin and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine},
title = {Strengthened for the teaching profession: promoting professional competencies in teacher training students},
series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie.},
volume = {28},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie.},
number = {3},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {Bern},
issn = {1010-0652},
doi = {10.1024/1010-0652/a000128},
pages = {115 -- 126},
year = {2014},
abstract = {A quasi-experimental study with N = 293 participants studying toward a teaching degree examined the efficacy of the intervention program "Strengthened for the teaching profession". In a pre-, intermediate- and post-test control group design, three treatment conditions that focused (1) on their individual professional strengths, (2) professional weaknesses, or (3) a combination of strengths and weaknesses were compared to a no-treatment control condition. Both at intermediate test and at posttest, students in the three intervention conditions scored higher than students in the control group on measures of self-efficacy and professional self-regulation. The combined intervention condition was more successful at promoting professional self-efficacy and self-regulation than the intervention focusing either on strengths or relative weaknesses only. The implications of the findings for teacher training are discussed.},
language = {de}
}
@article{SchieferKrahe2014,
author = {Schiefer, David and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Ethnic identity and orientation to white American culture are linked to well-being among american indians-but in different ways},
series = {Social psychology},
volume = {45},
journal = {Social psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1864-9335},
doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000155},
pages = {1 -- 14},
year = {2014},
abstract = {This study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, orientation toward the White mainstream culture, and psychological well-being among American Indians. In the light of the unique history of American Indians, we investigated the relationship between identification with the American Indian ingroup, orientation toward the dominant White American culture ( in terms of showing behavior typical for White mainstream culture as well as positive attitudes and feelings of belonging to White American culture), and self-efficacy and learned helplessness as indicators of psychological well-being. Structural equation analyses with an adolescent and an adult sample revealed a positive relationship between ethnic identity and self-efficacy but no link with learned helplessness. The tendency to show behavior typical for White mainstream culture was associated with higher self-efficacy in both samples and with lower helplessness in the adult subsample. White American orientation in the form of positive attitudes and sense of belonging were associated with higher helplessness in both samples and with lower self-efficacy among adults. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of both ethnic identity and the orientation toward the mainstream culture for well-being among American Indians, focusing on the distinct relations of White American behavior versus White American affiliation with well-being in American Indians.},
language = {en}
}
@unpublished{Krahe2014,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Restoring the spirit of fair play in the debate about violent video games a comment on Elson and Ferguson (2013)},
series = {EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST},
volume = {19},
journal = {EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST},
number = {1},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {Kirkland},
issn = {1016-9040},
doi = {10.1027/1016-9040/a000165},
pages = {56 -- 59},
year = {2014},
abstract = {This commentary argues that, rather than providing an "exhaustive review," Elson and Ferguson (2013) discuss a selective sample of empirical studies on violent video game use which corroborate their claim that there is no systematic evidence for a link between violent video game play and aggression. In evaluating the evidence, the authors portray a biased picture of the current state of knowledge about media violence effects. They fail to distinguish between aggression and violence and between everyday and clinical forms of aggression. Furthermore, they misrepresent key constructs, such as mediation, moderation, and external validity, to discredit methodologies used to assess aggression and media violence use. The paper moves the debate backward rather than forward, falling behind existing meta-analytic studies that consider a much wider and more balanced range of studies.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2014,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Media violence use as a risk factor for aggressive behaviour in adolescence},
series = {European review of social psychology},
volume = {25},
journal = {European review of social psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1046-3283},
doi = {10.1080/10463283.2014.923177},
pages = {71 -- 106},
year = {2014},
language = {en}
}
@article{KirschRohlfKrahe2015,
author = {Kirsch, Fabian and Rohlf, Helena L. and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Measuring anger regulation in middle childhood through behavioural observation: a longitudinal validation},
series = {European journal of developmental psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {European journal of developmental psychology},
number = {6},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1740-5629},
doi = {10.1080/17405629.2015.1101375},
pages = {718 -- 727},
year = {2015},
abstract = {Learning to regulate anger is an important task in childhood development, as maladaptive anger regulation has been linked to a variety of problems, including aggression and social rejection. To assess anger regulation in situ, in a previous study we developed a behavioural observation measure and demonstrated its cross-sectional construct and criterion validity in a sample of 599 children with a mean age of 8.1years. The present study further validated the measure by demonstrating its predictive validity. About 10months after the behavioural observation, participants were asked to imagine two anger-eliciting situations and report what they would do to get rid of their anger. Observed anger regulation strategies at T1 correlated significantly with self-reported regulatory behaviour at T2, suggesting that the behavioural observation measure is an ecologically valid approach for assessing anger regulation in middle childhood.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BuschingKrahe2015,
author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The Girls Set the Tone: Gendered Classroom Norms and the Development of Aggression in Adolescence},
series = {Personality and social psychology bulletin},
volume = {41},
journal = {Personality and social psychology bulletin},
number = {5},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0146-1672},
doi = {10.1177/0146167215573212},
pages = {659 -- 676},
year = {2015},
abstract = {In a four-wave longitudinal study with N = 1,321 adolescents in Germany, we examined the impact of class-level normative beliefs about aggression on aggressive norms and behavior at the individual level over the course of 3 years. At each data wave, participants indicated their normative acceptance of aggressive behavior and provided self-reports of physical and relational aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed significant cross-level interactions between class-level and individual-level normative beliefs at T1 on individual differences in physical aggression at T2, and the indirect interactive effects were significant up to T4. Normative approval of aggression at the class level, especially girls' normative beliefs, defined the boundary conditions for the expression of individual differences in aggressive norms and their impact on physically and relationally aggressive behavior for both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the moderating effect of social norms on the pathways from individual normative beliefs to aggressive behavior in adolescence.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RohlfKrahe2015,
author = {Rohlf, Helena L. and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood: development and validation of a behavioral observation measure},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {6},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00453},
pages = {14},
year = {2015},
abstract = {An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6-10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchusterKraheTopluDemirtas2016,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Toplu-Demirtas, Ezgi},
title = {Prevalence of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in a Sample of Female and Male College Students in Turkey},
series = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
volume = {53},
journal = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
publisher = {World Scientific},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {0022-4499},
doi = {10.1080/00224499.2016.1207057},
pages = {1139 -- 1152},
year = {2016},
abstract = {In Turkey, there is a shortage of studies on the prevalence of sexual aggression among young adults. The present study examined sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 15 in a convenience sample of N=1,376 college students (886 women) from four public universities in Ankara, Turkey. Prevalence rates for different coercive strategies, victim-perpetrator constellations, and sexual acts were measured with a Turkish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). Overall, 77.6\% of women and 65.5\% of men reported at least one instance of sexual aggression victimization, and 28.9\% of men and 14.2\% of women reported at least one instance of sexual aggression perpetration. Prevalence rates of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were highest for current or former partners, followed by acquaintances/friends and strangers. Alcohol was involved in a substantial proportion of the reported incidents. The findings are the first to provide systematic evidence on sexual aggression perpetration and victimization among college students in Turkey, including both women and men.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe2016,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Violent Media Effects on Aggression: A Commentary from a Cross-Cultural Perspective},
series = {Analyses of social issues and public policy},
volume = {16},
journal = {Analyses of social issues and public policy},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {1529-7489},
doi = {10.1111/asap.12107},
pages = {439 -- 442},
year = {2016},
abstract = {It is argued that, despite differences in cultural norms and practices, the evidence for a link between violent media use and aggression is remarkably consistent across different countries. Along with evidence that different operationalizations of violent media use also converge across countries, these findings strengthen the conclusion that violent media are a risk factor for aggression and validate the psychological explanations for these effects. However, we need comparative studies based on a consistent methodology and a theory-based selection of cultural difference variables to properly examine the potential impact of culture on the association between violent media use and aggression.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchusterKraheIlabacaBaezaetal.2016,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Ilabaca Baeza, Paola and Munoz-Reyes, Jose A.},
title = {Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration among Male and Female College Students in Chile},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {7},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01354},
pages = {12},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Evidence on the prevalence of sexual aggression among college students is primarily based on studies from Western countries. In Chile, a South American country strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, little research on sexual aggression among college students is available. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration since the age of 14 (the legal age of consent) in a sample of male and female students aged between 18 and 29 years from five Chilean universities (N = 1135), to consider possible gender differences, and to study the extent to which alcohol was involved in the reported incidents of perpetration and victimization. Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration was measured with a Chilean Spanish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S), which includes three coercive strategies (use or threat of physical force, exploitation of an incapacitated state, and verbal pressure), three victim-perpetrator constellations (current or former partners, friends/acquaintances, and strangers), and four sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted sexual intercourse, completed sexual intercourse, and other sexual acts, such as oral sex). Overall, 51.9\% of women and 48.0\% of men reported at least one incident of sexual victimization, and 26.8\% of men and 16.5\% of women reported at least one incident of sexual aggression perpetration since the age of 14. For victimization, only few gender differences were found, but significantly more men than women reported sexual aggression perpetration. A large proportion of perpetrators also reported victimization experiences. Regarding victim-perpetrator relationship, sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were more common between persons who knew each other than between strangers. Alcohol use by the perpetrator, victim, or both was involved in many incidents of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration, particularly among strangers. The present data are the first to provide a systematic and detailed picture of sexual aggression among college students in Chile, including victimization and perpetration reports by both men and women and confirming the critical role of alcohol established in past research from Western countries.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2016,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Vulnerability to Sexual Victimization in Female and Male College Students in Brazil: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Evidence},
series = {Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research},
volume = {45},
journal = {Archives of sexual behavior : the official publication of the International Academy of Sex Research},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0004-0002},
doi = {10.1007/s10508-014-0451-7},
pages = {1101 -- 1115},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Using both cross-sectional and prospective analyses, this study examined vulnerability factors for sexual victimization in 541 female and male Brazilian college students, of whom a subgroup of 250 took part in two measurements 6 months apart. Risk factors for sexual victimization (alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication) in participants' cognitive scripts for consensual sex were linked to sexual victimization via their translation into risky sexual behavior. Pornography use was indirectly linked to sexual victimization through its influence on risky sexual scripts and sexual behavior. Child sexual abuse predicted sexual victimization in the cross-sectional analysis, and victimization since age 14 predicted revictimization in the six months covered by the prospective period. Few gender differences were found. This study is the first prospective investigation of vulnerability factors for sexual victimization in Brazil, and similarities to evidence from North America are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SchusterKrahe2016,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Abuse of Elders Living at Home: A Review of Recent Prevalence Studies},
series = {International Journal of Behavioral Science},
volume = {11},
journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Science},
publisher = {Behavioral Science Research Institute, Srinakharinwirot University},
address = {Bangkok},
issn = {1906-4675},
pages = {93 -- 108},
year = {2016},
abstract = {This article presents evidence from recent studies on the prevalence of different forms of elder abuse. After a review of definitions and measures of elder abuse, the findings of 20 original studies containing 26 samples from 17 countries published since 2010 are summarized. Overall prevalence rates showed a high variability across studies, ranging from 2.2\% in a study from Ireland to 43.7\% in a study from Egypt. Evidence on gender differences in the vulnerability for abuse and the predominant relationship constellations between abusers and victims did not yield a consistent picture across studies. Conceptual and methodological reasons for the variability in prevalence rates are discussed, and an outlook for future research is presented. In particular, consistent definitions and measures are needed to facilitate the comparative analysis of elder abuse in different studies and cultural contexts.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RohlfKraheBusching2016,
author = {Rohlf, Helena, L. and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert},
title = {The socializing effect of classroom aggression on the development of aggression and social rejection: A two-wave multilevel analysis},
series = {Journal of school psychology},
volume = {58},
journal = {Journal of school psychology},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0022-4405},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsp.2016.05.002},
pages = {57 -- 72},
year = {2016},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheVanwesenbeeck2016,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Vanwesenbeeck, Ine},
title = {Mapping an agenda for the study of youth sexual aggression in Europe: assessment, principles of good practice, and the multilevel analysis of risk factors},
series = {Journal of sexual aggression},
volume = {22},
journal = {Journal of sexual aggression},
publisher = {Karger},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1355-2600},
doi = {10.1080/13552600.2015.1066885},
pages = {161 -- 174},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Sexual aggression is a serious threat to young people's sexual health in Europe, but establishing the exact scale of the problem has been hampered by a variety of conceptual and methodological problems. This article presents a framework for studying youth sexual aggression that addresses both prevalence and risk factors of victimisation and perpetration. It proposes a research tool to comprehensively assess the perpetration of, and victimisation by, sexual aggression that captures different coercive strategies, sexual acts, victim-perpetrator relations, and gender constellations. The instrument is rooted in a clear conceptual definition of sexual aggression and was pilot-tested in 10 countries of the European Union (EU). Furthermore, a list of good practice criteria is proposed to promote the quality and comparability of research on youth sexual aggression in Europe. A multilevel approach combining individual-level and country-level predictors of sexual aggression is outlined and illustrated with data from the pilot study in 10 countries.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{DeSchrijverVanderBekenKraheetal.2018,
author = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Vander Beken, Tom and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Keygnaert, Ines},
title = {Prevalence of sexual violence in migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees in Europe},
series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
number = {674},
issn = {1866-8364},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-45973},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459733},
pages = {19},
year = {2018},
abstract = {(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{SchusterKrahe2017,
author = {Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The prevalence of sexual aggression in Turkey: A systematic review},
series = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa},
volume = {37},
journal = {Aggression and violent behavior : a review journa},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {1359-1789},
doi = {10.1016/j.avb.2017.05.003},
pages = {102 -- 114},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Although sexual aggression is recognized as a serious problem worldwide, evidence on the prevalence and impact of sexual aggression is based predominantly on studies from Western countries with a Christian or non-religious majority. Little evidence is available from non-Western countries, especially from Muslim societies. The purpose of the present article was to provide a first systematic review of the studies examining the prevalence of sexual aggression in Turkey, including both victimization and perpetration reports from women and men. Additionally, differences in prevalence rates depending on relationship constellations and characteristics of victims and perpetrators were reviewed. By a two-stage literature search, 56 studies were identified for inclusion. All studies examined sexual victimization of women, only four studies included sexual victimization of men. Data on sexual aggression perpetration were extremely limited, with only two studies providing prevalence rates. Prevalence rates of sexual victimization were found to vary greatly, which may be attributed to a lack of methodological and conceptual consistency across studies. Likewise, no consistent picture was revealed for victims' or perpetrators' sociodemographic or situational characteristics associated with differences in prevalence rates. We discuss reasons for the variability in prevalence rates and outline recommendations for future research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{AndersonSuzukiSwingetal.2017,
author = {Anderson, Craig A. and Suzuki, Kanae and Swing, Edward L. and Groves, Christopher L. and Gentile, Douglas A. and Prot, Sara and Lam, Chun Pan and Sakamoto, Akira and Horiuchi, Yukiko and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Jelic, Margareta and Wei Liuqing, and Toma, Roxana and Warburton, Wayne A. and Zhang, Xue-Min and Tajima, Sachi and Qing, Feng and Petrescu, Poesis},
title = {Media Violence and Other Aggression Risk Factors in Seven Nations},
series = {Personality and social psychology bulletin},
volume = {43},
journal = {Personality and social psychology bulletin},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {0146-1672},
doi = {10.1177/0146167217703064},
pages = {986 -- 998},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BonacheGonzalezMendezKrahe2017,
author = {Bonache, Helena and Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Romantic Attachment, Conflict Resolution Styles, and Teen Dating Violence Victimization},
series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
volume = {46},
journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0047-2891},
doi = {10.1007/s10964-017-0635-2},
pages = {1905 -- 1917},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Although research on dating violence has increased in the last decades, little is known about the role of romantic attachment and conflict resolution in understanding victimization by an intimate partner among adolescents. This study examined the relationships between insecure attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution strategies, self-reported and perceived in the partner, and psychological and physical victimization by a dating partner in 1298 adolescents (49\% girls). Anxious attachment was related to both forms of victimization via self-reported conflict engagement and conflict engagement attributed to the partner among boys and girls. Moreover, both insecure attachment styles were also indirectly linked to victimization via self-reported withdrawal and conflict engagement perceived in the partner, but only among boys. The implications of the findings for promoting constructive communication patterns among adolescents for handling their relationship conflicts are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{BuschingKrahe2013,
author = {Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Charging neutral cues with aggressive meaning through violent video game play},
series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
number = {678},
issn = {1866-8364},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-47618},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-476181},
pages = {14},
year = {2013},
abstract = {When playing violent video games, aggressive actions are performed against the background of an originally neutral environment, and associations are formed between cues related to violence and contextual features. This experiment examined the hypothesis that neutral contextual features of a virtual environment become associated with aggressive meaning and acquire the function of primes for aggressive cognitions. Seventy-six participants were assigned to one of two violent video game conditions that varied in context (ship vs. city environment) or a control condition. Afterwards, they completed a Lexical Decision Task to measure the accessibility of aggressive cognitions in which they were primed either with ship-related or city-related words. As predicted, participants who had played the violent game in the ship environment had shorter reaction times for aggressive words following the ship primes than the city primes, whereas participants in the city condition responded faster to the aggressive words following the city primes compared to the ship primes. No parallel effect was observed for the non-aggressive targets. The findings indicate that the associations between violent and neutral cognitions learned during violent game play facilitate the accessibility of aggressive cognitions.},
language = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1994,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Psicologia della personalit{\`a} e psicologia sociale : verso una sintesi},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-38313},
year = {1994},
abstract = {Contenuto: 1. Persone e situazioni: pietre angolari nella moderna psicologiadella personalit{\`a} 2. La questione della costanza nella personalit{\`a}: sessant'anni dicontroversia 3. In difesa dei tratti: nuove (e rinnovate) prospettive 4. II «moderno interazionismo»: una cornice alternativa alla ricercasulla personalit{\`a} 5. Realizzare il programma interazionista: tre aree esemplaridi ricerca 6. Migliorare la misurazione della personalit{\`a}: la via nomoteticaallo studio della costanza 7. La psicologia della personalit{\`a} riguarda gli individui: la riscoperta dell'eredit{\`a} idiografica 8. II ruolo della situazione nella ricerca sulla personalit{\`a} 9. Psicologia della personalit{\`a} negli anni Novanta: uno sguardo d'insieme},
language = {mul}
}
@misc{Krahe1984,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Der "self-serving bias" in der Attributionsforschung : theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Befunde},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44220},
year = {1984},
abstract = {Inhalt: 1. Zur Konzeptualisierung des bias in der Attributionstheorie 2. Self-serving bias-Hypothese und informationstheoretische Alternativerkl{\"a}rung:Theoretische Kontroverse und empirische Befunde - Selbstwertbezogene Attributionen eigener Handlungsergebnisse - Kausalattributionen von Erfolg und Mißerfolg bei Wettbewerb und Kooperation - Kausalattributionen f{\"u}r Erfolg und Mißerfolg aus der Beobachterperspektive - Kontradefensive Attributionen und Selbstdarstellungsbed{\"u}rfnisse - Zum Stand der Kognitions-Motivations-Debatte im Lichte der neueren Ergebnisse 3. Ans{\"a}tze zum Abbau des gegenw{\"a}rtigen Theoriedefizits der self-serving bias-Forschung},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1984,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Wissenschaftliche Forschungspraxis und alltagspsychologische Wirklichkeit},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44157},
pages = {180 -- 193},
year = {1984},
abstract = {Ausgehend von einer Kritik der vorherrschenden attributionstheoretischen Forschungspraxis werden drei methodologische Probleme der Erfassung von Kausalattributionen als laienpsychologische Erkl{\"a}rungskonzepte diskutiert: — Die Angemessenheit experimenteller Methoden zur Aktualisierung der motivationalen Voraussetzungen von Attributionsprozessen — Die Untersuchung der personalen und situativen Ausl{\"o}sebedingungen von Kausalinterpretationen — Die Erfassung und Systematisierung der Inhaltskategorien, die zur Kausalerkl{\"a}rung sozialer Ereignisse herangezogen werden. Auf der Basis weniger bisher vorliegender Untersuchungen werden theoretische und empirische L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze zusammengetragen, die zu einer methodologischen Neuorientierung der Attributionsforschung im Sinne einer st{\"a}rkeren Ann{\"a}herung an die alltagspsychologische Erfahrungswelt f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen.},
language = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1991,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Zur Renaissance des idiographischen Ansatzes in der Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsforschung : eine Zwischenbilanz},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45607},
year = {1991},
language = {de}
}
@misc{SixKrahe1980,
author = {Six, Bernd and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Defensiv-externe Kontroll{\"u}berzeugungen bei der Attribution von Leistungs- und Sozialverhalten},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-45292},
year = {1980},
abstract = {The traditional dichotomy of internal vs. external locus of control is substituted by the more recent distinction between internals, congruent externals, and defensive externals. While internals and congruent externals are predicted to make causal attributions of other persons' performance in accordance with their locus of control irrespective of the nature of the outcome (success vs. failure in achievement situations, positive vs. negative experience in social contacts), defensive externals are expected to vary their causal attributions as a function of outcome. Personal relevance attached to achievement and social contact is included as an additional variable. The presumed correspondence between locus of control and causal attribution - as derived from the conceptualization of locus of control as a personality variable - is not confirmed by our data. The differences expected between the three groups are demonstrated only for achievement-related items. Personal relevance does not significantly modify the relationship between locus of control and causal attribution.},
language = {de}
}
@article{KraheBieneckScheinbergerOlwig2004,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate},
title = {Sexual scripts in adolescence},
issn = {0044-3514},
year = {2004},
abstract = {To explore the sexual scripts of adolescents, 131 10th and 11th graders generated descriptions of three scripts for sexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner attributed to adolescents in general; (2) the script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner endorsed by themselves individually; (3) the script for a nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Normative acceptance of risk elements of sexual interactions and acceptance of physical force to obtain sexual intercourse with a non-consenting partner were also measured. The results showed that the individual and general scripts for consensual sexual interactions reflected traditional gender roles. The script for the nonconsensual intercourse was based on the <> stereotype. Compared to the general scripts for the age group as a whole, individual scripts were more conservative, containing fewer risk elements. Normative acceptance of risk elements predicted the extent to which risk elements were part of the general and individual scripts. In addition, acceptance of physical force predicted the risk elements of the individual scripts},
language = {en}
}
@article{Krahe2005,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior},
issn = {0096-140X},
year = {2005},
abstract = {Predictors of women's aggressive driving behavior were explored in a study involving 256 female motorists. Sex role orientation, dispositional aggressiveness, age, and annual mileage were measured as independent variables, and aggressive driving behavior was included as the dependent variable. Stepwise hierarchical regression analysis showed that age was negatively related to driving aggression, whereas annual mileage had a positive relationship with driving aggression. Dispositional aggressiveness was a significant predictor of driving aggression. Of the two components of sex role orientation, only femininity was associated with driving aggression, with higher femininity scores predicting lower aggressive driving scores. Masculinity failed to predict aggressive driving, as did the interaction of masculinity and femininity. In combination, the predictors explained 29\% of the variance in women's aggressive driving. The results are discussed with respect to the role of dispositional variables as predictors of driving aggression in women. Aggr. Behav. 31:537-546, 2005. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc},
language = {en}
}