@misc{Hildebrandt2014,
  author    = {Hildebrandt, Dieter},
  title     = {A software reference architecture for service-oriented 3D geovisualization systems},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1131},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47583},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475831},
  pages     = {48},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Modern 3D geovisualization systems (3DGeoVSs) are complex and evolving systems that are required to be adaptable and leverage distributed resources, including massive geodata. This article focuses on 3DGeoVSs built based on the principles of service-oriented architectures, standards and image-based representations (SSI) to address practically relevant challenges and potentials. Such systems facilitate resource sharing and agile and efficient system construction and change in an interoperable manner, while exploiting images as efficient, decoupled and interoperable representations. The software architecture of a 3DGeoVS and its underlying visualization model have strong effects on the system's quality attributes and support various system life cycle activities. This article contributes a software reference architecture (SRA) for 3DGeoVSs based on SSI that can be used to design, describe and analyze concrete software architectures with the intended primary benefit of an increase in effectiveness and efficiency in such activities. The SRA integrates existing, proven technology and novel contributions in a unique manner. As the foundation for the SRA, we propose the generalized visualization pipeline model that generalizes and overcomes expressiveness limitations of the prevalent visualization pipeline model. To facilitate exploiting image-based representations (IReps), the SRA integrates approaches for the representation, provisioning and styling of and interaction with IReps. Five applications of the SRA provide proofs of concept for the general applicability and utility of the SRA. A qualitative evaluation indicates the overall suitability of the SRA, its applications and the general approach of building 3DGeoVSs based on SSI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HildebrandtTimm2014,
  author    = {Hildebrandt, Dieter and Timm, Robert},
  title     = {An assisting, constrained 3D navigation technique for multiscale virtual 3D city models},
  series = {Geoinformatica : an international journal on advances of computer science for geographic information systems},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Geoinformatica : an international journal on advances of computer science for geographic information systems},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1384-6175},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10707-013-0189-8},
  pages     = {537 -- 567},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Virtual 3D city models serve as integration platforms for complex geospatial and georeferenced information and as medium for effective communication of spatial information. In order to explore these information spaces, navigation techniques for controlling the virtual camera are required to facilitate wayfinding and movement. However, navigation is not a trivial task and many available navigation techniques do not support users effectively and efficiently with their respective skills and tasks. In this article, we present an assisting, constrained navigation technique for multiscale virtual 3D city models that is based on three basic principles: users point to navigate, users are lead by suggestions, and the exploitation of semantic, multiscale, hierarchical structurings of city models. The technique particularly supports users with low navigation and virtual camera control skills but is also valuable for experienced users. It supports exploration, search, inspection, and presentation tasks, is easy to learn and use, supports orientation, is efficient, and yields effective view properties. In particular, the technique is suitable for interactive kiosks and mobile devices with a touch display and low computing resources and for use in mobile situations where users only have restricted resources for operating the application. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed navigation technique by presenting an implementation and evaluation results. The implementation is based on service-oriented architectures, standards, and image-based representations and allows exploring massive virtual 3D city models particularly on mobile devices with limited computing resources. Results of a user study comparing the proposed navigation technique with standard techniques suggest that the proposed technique provides the targeted properties, and that it is more advantageous to novice than to expert users.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hildebrandt2014,
  author    = {Hildebrandt, Dieter},
  title     = {A software reference architecture for service-oriented 3D geovisualization systems},
  series = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2220-9964},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijgi3041445},
  pages     = {1445 -- 1490},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}