@article{HelfertWarschburger2013,
  author    = {Helfert, Susanne and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {The face of appearance-related social pressure: gender, age and body mass variations in peer and parental pressure during adolescence},
  doi       = {10.1186/1753-2000-7-16},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HelfertWarschburger2011,
  author    = {Helfert, Susanne and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {A prospective study on the impact of peer and parental pressure on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys},
  series = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1740-1445},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.004},
  pages     = {101 -- 109},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The current study explores the role of appearance-related social pressure regarding changes in body image in adolescent girls (n = 236) and boys (n = 193) over a 1-year-period. High school students aged 11-16 completed measures of body dissatisfaction (i.e., weight and muscle concerns) and appearance-related social pressure from peers and parents. Three aspects proved to be particularly crucial: Parental encouragement to control weight and shape was a strong predictor of weight concerns in boys and girls alike; influences of friends affected gender-specific body image concerns by leading to weight concerns in girls and muscle concerns in boys; finally appearance-based exclusion was a predictor of weight concerns in boys. The findings provide longitudinal evidence for the crucial impact of appearance-related social pressure and suggest that a detailed assessment of different types of social impacts can identify concrete targets for effective prevention and therapy for weight-related problems among adolescents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HelfertWarschburger2013,
  author    = {Helfert, Susanne and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {The face of appearance-related social pressure},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401155},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background Appearance-related social pressure plays an important role in the development of a negative body image and self-esteem as well as severe mental disorders during adolescence (e.g. eating disorders, depression). Identifying who is particularly affected by social pressure can improve targeted prevention and intervention, but findings have either been lacking or controversial. Thus the aim of this study is to provide a detailed picture of gender, weight, and age-related variations in the perception of appearance-related social pressure by peers and parents. Methods 1112 German students between grades 7 and 9 (mean age: M = 13.38, SD = .81) filled in the Appearance-Related Social Pressure Questionnaire (German: FASD), which considers different sources (peers, parents) as well as various kinds of social pressure (e.g. teasing, modeling, encouragement). Results Girls were more affected by peer pressure, while gender differences in parental pressure seemed negligible. Main effects of grade-level suggested a particular increase in indirect peer pressure (e.g. appearance-related school and class norms) from early to middle adolescence. Boys and girls with higher BMI were particularly affected by peer teasing and exclusion as well as by parental encouragement to control weight and shape. Conclusion The results suggest that preventive efforts targeting body concerns and disordered eating should bring up the topic of appearance pressure in a school-based context and should strengthen those adolescents who are particularly at risk - in our study, girls and adolescents with higher weight status. Early adolescence and school transition appear to be crucial periods for these efforts. Moreover, the comprehensive assessment of appearance-related social pressure appears to be a fruitful way to further explore social risk-factors in the development of a negative body image.},
  language  = {en}
}