@article{BindschadlerNowickiAbeOuchietal.2013,
  author    = {Bindschadler, Robert A. and Nowicki, Sophie and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Johnson, Jesse and Khroulev, Constantine and Levermann, Anders and Lipscomb, William H. and Martin, Maria A. and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and Pollard, David and Price, Stephen F. and Ren, Diandong and Saito, Fuyuki and Sato, Tatsuru and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li},
  title     = {Ice-sheet model sensitivities to environmental forcing and their use in projecting future sea level (the SeaRISE project)},
  series = {Journal of glaciology},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Journal of glaciology},
  number    = {214},
  publisher = {International Glaciological Society},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {0022-1430},
  doi       = {10.3189/2013JoG12J125},
  pages     = {195 -- 224},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Ten ice-sheet models are used to study sensitivity of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to prescribed changes of surface mass balance, sub-ice-shelf melting and basal sliding. Results exhibit a large range in projected contributions to sea-level change. In most cases, the ice volume above flotation lost is linearly dependent on the strength of the forcing. Combinations of forcings can be closely approximated by linearly summing the contributions from single forcing experiments, suggesting that nonlinear feedbacks are modest. Our models indicate that Greenland is more sensitive than Antarctica to likely atmospheric changes in temperature and precipitation, while Antarctica is more sensitive to increased ice-shelf basal melting. An experiment approximating the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's RCP8.5 scenario produces additional first-century contributions to sea level of 22.3 and 8.1 cm from Greenland and Antarctica, respectively, with a range among models of 62 and 14 cm, respectively. By 200 years, projections increase to 53.2 and 26.7 cm, respectively, with ranges of 79 and 43 cm. Linear interpolation of the sensitivity results closely approximates these projections, revealing the relative contributions of the individual forcings on the combined volume change and suggesting that total ice-sheet response to complicated forcings over 200 years can be linearized.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NowickiBindschadlerAbeOuchietal.2013,
  author    = {Nowicki, Sophie and Bindschadler, Robert A. and Abe-Ouchi, Ayako and Aschwanden, Andy and Bueler, Ed and Choi, Hyeungu and Fastook, Jim and Granzow, Glen and Greve, Ralf and Gutowski, Gail and Herzfeld, Ute and Jackson, Charles and Johnson, Jesse and Khroulev, Constantine and Larour, Eric and Levermann, Anders and Lipscomb, William H. and Martin, Maria A. and Morlighem, Mathieu and Parizek, Byron R. and Pollard, David and Price, Stephen F. and Ren, Diandong and Rignot, Eric and Saito, Fuyuki and Sato, Tatsuru and Seddik, Hakime and Seroussi, Helene and Takahashi, Kunio and Walker, Ryan and Wang, Wei Li},
  title     = {Insights into spatial sensitivities of ice mass response to environmental change from the SeaRISE ice sheet modeling project II Greenland},
  series = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2169-9003},
  doi       = {10.1002/jgrf.20076},
  pages     = {1025 -- 1044},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) effort explores the sensitivity of the current generation of ice sheet models to external forcing to gain insight into the potential future contribution to sea level from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. All participating models simulated the ice sheet response to three types of external forcings: a change in oceanic condition, a warmer atmospheric environment, and enhanced basal lubrication. Here an analysis of the spatial response of the Greenland ice sheet is presented, and the impact of model physics and spin-up on the projections is explored. Although the modeled responses are not always homogeneous, consistent spatial trends emerge from the ensemble analysis, indicating distinct vulnerabilities of the Greenland ice sheet. There are clear response patterns associated with each forcing, and a similar mass loss at the full ice sheet scale will result in different mass losses at the regional scale, as well as distinct thickness changes over the ice sheet. All forcings lead to an increased mass loss for the coming centuries, with increased basal lubrication and warmer ocean conditions affecting mainly outlet glaciers, while the impacts of atmospheric forcings affect the whole ice sheet.},
  language  = {en}
}