@incollection{VladovaUllrichBenderetal.2021,
  author    = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Yes, we can (?)},
  series = {Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings},
  booktitle = {Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings},
  editor    = {Reis, Ars{\´e}nio and Barroso, Jo{\~a}o and Lopes, J. Bernardino and Mikropoulos, Tassos and Fan, Chih-Wen},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-73987-4},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-73988-1_17},
  pages     = {225 -- 235},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The COVID-19 crisis has caused an extreme situation for higher education institutions around the world, where exclusively virtual teaching and learning has become obligatory rather than an additional supporting feature. This has created opportunities to explore the potential and limitations of virtual learning formats. This paper presents four theses on virtual classroom teaching and learning that are discussed critically. We use existing theoretical insights extended by empirical evidence from a survey of more than 850 students on acceptance, expectations, and attitudes regarding the positive and negative aspects of virtual teaching. The survey responses were gathered from students at different universities during the first completely digital semester (Spring-Summer 2020) in Germany. We discuss similarities and differences between the subjects being studied and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teaching and learning. Against the background of existing theory and the gathered data, we emphasize the importance of social interaction, the combination of different learning formats, and thus context-sensitive hybrid learning as the learning form of the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GronauSchaefer2021,
  author    = {Gronau, Norbert and Schaefer, Martin},
  title     = {Why metadata matters for the future of copyright},
  series = {European Intellectual Property Review},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {European Intellectual Property Review},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Sweet \& Maxwell},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0142-0461},
  pages     = {488 -- 494},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the copyright industries of the 21st century, metadata is the grease required to make the engine of copyright run smoothly and powerfully for the benefit of creators, copyright industries and users alike. However, metadata is difficult to acquire and even more difficult to keep up to date as the rights in content are mostly multi-layered, fragmented, international and volatile. This article explores the idea of a neutral metadata search and enhancement tool that could constitute a buffer to safeguard the interests of the various proprietary database owners and avoid the shortcomings of centralised databases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrumSultanowFriedmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Sultanow, Eldar and Friedmann, Daniel and Ulrich, Andre and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Tools des Maschinellen Lernens},
  publisher = {Gito},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-95545-380-0},
  doi       = {10.30844/grum_2020},
  pages     = {143},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz ist in aller Munde. Immer mehr Anwendungsbereiche werden durch die Auswertung von vorliegenden Daten mit Algorithmen und Frameworks z.B. des Maschinellen Lernens erschlossen. Dieses Buch hat das Ziel, einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber gegenw{\"a}rtig vorhandene L{\"o}sungen zu geben und dar{\"u}ber hinaus konkrete Hilfestellung bei der Auswahl von Algorithmen oder Tools bei spezifischen Problemstellungen zu bieten. Um diesem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, wurden 90 L{\"o}sungen mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und Praxissuche identifiziert sowie anschließend klassifiziert. Mit Hilfe dieses Buches gelingt es, schnell die notwendigen Grundlagen zu verstehen, g{\"a}ngige Anwendungsgebiete zu identifizieren und den Prozess zur Auswahl eines passenden ML-Tools f{\"u}r das eigene Projekt systematisch zu meistern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{VladovaUllrichBenderetal.2021,
  author    = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Students' Acceptance of Technology-Mediated Teaching - How It Was Influenced During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020: A Study From Germany},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1867-5808},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52161},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-521615},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring-summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students' acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study's results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VladovaUllrichBenderetal.2021,
  author    = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Students' acceptance of technology-mediated teaching - How it was influenced during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636086},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring-summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students' acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study's results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GronauBenderBertheauetal.2021,
  author    = {Gronau, Norbert and Bender, Benedict and Bertheau, Clementine and Lauppe, Hannah},
  title     = {Robotic Process Automation statt neuem ERP-System},
  series = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {ERP-Management : Auswahl, Einf{\"u}hrung und Betrieb von ERP-Systemen},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {GITO mbH Verlag},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1860-6725},
  doi       = {10.30844/ERP_21-1_29-32},
  pages     = {29 -- 32},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Robotic Process Automation (RPA) steht f{\"u}r die softwareunterst{\"u}tzte Bedienung von Softwarel{\"o}sungen {\"u}ber deren Benutzeroberfl{\"a}che. Das prim{\"a}re Ziel, das mit RPA erreicht werden soll, ist die automatisierte Ausf{\"u}hrung von Routineaufgaben, die bisher einen menschlichen Eingriff erforderten. Das Potenzial von RPA, Prozesse langfristig zu verbessern, ist allerdings stark begrenzt. Die Automatisierung von Prozessen und die {\"U}berbr{\"u}ckung von Medienbr{\"u}chen auf der Front-End-Ebene f{\"u}hrt zu einer Vielzahl von Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Bedingungen, die in diesem Beitrag zusammengefasst werden. Der Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Unternehmensarchitektur (bestehend aus Prozessen und Systemen) erfordert offene, adaptive Systeme mit moderner Architektur, die sich durch ein hohes Maß an Interoperabilit{\"a}t auf verschiedenen Ebenen auszeichnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{GrumGronau2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Quantification of knowledge transfers},
  series = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  volume    = {422},
  booktitle = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  editor    = {Shishkov, Boris},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-79975-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_13},
  pages     = {224 -- 242},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Faced with the triad of time-cost-quality, the realization of knowledge-intensive tasks at economic conditions is not trivial. Since the number of knowledge-intensive processes is increasing more and more nowadays, the efficient design of knowledge transfers at business processes as well as the target-oriented improvement of them is essential, so that process outcomes satisfy high quality criteria and economic requirements. This particularly challenges knowledge management, aiming for the assignment of ideal manifestations of influence factors on knowledge transfers to a certain task. Faced with first attempts of knowledge transfer-based process improvements [1], this paper continues research about the quantitative examination of knowledge transfers and presents a ready-to-go experiment design that is able to examine quality of knowledge transfers empirically and is suitable to examine knowledge transfers on a quantitative level. Its use is proven by the example of four influence factors, which namely are stickiness, complexity, competence and time pressure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LewandowskiUllrichGronau2021,
  author    = {Lewandowski, Stefanie and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Normen zur Berechnung des CO₂-Fußabdrucks},
  series = {Industrie 4.0 Management : Gegenwart und Zukunft industrieller Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Industrie 4.0 Management : Gegenwart und Zukunft industrieller Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {GITO mbH Verlag},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  issn      = {2364-9208},
  doi       = {10.30844/I40M_21-4_S17-20},
  pages     = {17 -- 20},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {CO₂-Fußabdr{\"u}cke sind ein aktuell viel diskutiertes Thema mit weitreichenden Implikationen f{\"u}r Individuen als auch Unternehmen. Firmen k{\"o}nnen einen proaktiven Beitrag zur Transparenz leisten, indem der unternehmens- oder produktbezogene CO₂-Fußabdruck ausgewiesen wird. Ist der Entschluss gefasst einen CO₂-Fußabdruck auszuweisen und die entstehenden Treibhausgase zu erfassen, existiert eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Normen und Zertifikate, wie die publicly available specification 2050, das Greenhouse Gas Protokoll oder die ISO 14067. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diese drei Normen zur Berechnung des produktbezogenen CO₂-Fußabdrucks zu vergleichen, um Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede sowie Vor- und Nachteile in der Anwendung aufzuzeigen. Die {\"U}bersicht soll Unternehmen bei der Entscheidungsfindung hinsichtlich der Eignung eines CO₂-Fußabdrucks f{\"u}r ihr Unternehmen unterst{\"u}tzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Gronau2021,
  author    = {Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Modeling the handling of knowledge for Industry 4.0},
  series = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  volume    = {422},
  booktitle = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  editor    = {Shishkov, Boris},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-79975-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_12},
  pages     = {207 -- 223},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Industry 4.0, i.e. the connection of cyber-physical systems via the Internet in production and logistics, leads to considerable changes in the socio-technical system of the factory. The effects range from a considerable need for further training, which is exacerbated by the current shortage of skilled workers, to an opening of the previously inaccessible boundaries of the factory to third-party access, an increasing merging of office IT and manufacturing IT, and a new understanding of what machines can do with their data. This results in new requirements for the modeling, analysis and design of information processing and performance mapping business processes. In the past, procedures were developed under the name of "process-oriented knowledge management" with which the exchange and use of knowledge in business processes could be represented, analyzed and improved. However, these approaches were limited to the office environment. A method that makes it possible to document, analyze and jointly optimize the new possibilities of knowledge processing by using artificial intelligence and machine learning in production and logistics in the same way and in a manner compatible with the approach in the office environment does not exist so far. The extension of the modeling language KMDL, which is described in this paper, will contribute to close this research gap. This paper describes first approaches for an analysis and design method for a knowledge management integrating man and machine in the age of Industry 4.0.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{GrumKotarskiAmbrosetal.2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Kotarski, David and Ambros, Maximilian and Biru, Tibebu and Krallmann, Hermann and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Managing knowledge of intelligent systems},
  series = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  volume    = {422},
  booktitle = {Business modeling and software design : 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5-7, 2021, Proceedings},
  editor    = {Shishkov, Boris},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-79975-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-79976-2_5},
  pages     = {78 -- 96},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Since more and more business tasks are enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based techniques, the number of knowledge-intensive tasks increase as trivial tasks can be automated and non-trivial tasks demand human-machine interactions. With this, challenges regarding the management of knowledge workers and machines rise [9]. Furthermore, knowledge workers experience time pressure, which can lead to a decrease in output quality. Artificial Intelligence-based systems (AIS) have the potential to assist human workers in knowledge-intensive work. By providing a domain-specific language, contextual and situational awareness as well as their process embedding can be specified, which enables the management of human and AIS to ease knowledge transfer in a way that process time, cost and quality are improved significantly. This contribution outlines a framework to designing these systems and accounts for their implementation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BenderBertheauGronau2021,
  author    = {Bender, Benedict and Bertheau, Clementine and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Future ERP Systems},
  series = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2021)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2021)},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Science and Technology Publications},
  address   = {Set{\´u}bal},
  isbn      = {978-989-758-509-8},
  issn      = {2184-4992},
  doi       = {10.5220/0010477307760783},
  pages     = {776 -- 783},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper presents a research agenda on the current generation of ERP systems which was developed based on a literature review on current problems of ERP systems. The problems are presented following the ERP life cycle. In the next step, the identified problems are mapped on a reference architecture model of ERP systems that is an extension of the three-tier architecture model that is widely used in practice. The research agenda is structured according to the reference architecture model and addresses the problems identified regarding data, infrastructure, adaptation, processes, and user interface layer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LangemeyerGronauSchmidWalzetal.2021,
  author    = {Langemeyer, Ines and Gronau, Norbert and Schmid-Walz, Sabrina and Kotarski, David and Reimann, Daniela and Teichmann, Malte},
  title     = {From employee to expert},
  series = {2021 Crossing Boundaries Muttenz/Basel and Bern : 4th International VET Conference Crossing Boundaries 8 to 9 April 2021, online, Muttenz and Bern, Switzerland},
  booktitle = {2021 Crossing Boundaries Muttenz/Basel and Bern : 4th International VET Conference Crossing Boundaries 8 to 9 April 2021, online, Muttenz and Bern, Switzerland},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.4590196},
  pages     = {226 -- 231},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the context of the collaborative project Ageing-appropriate, process-oriented and interactive further training in SME (API-KMU), innovative solutions for the challenges of demographic change and digitalisation are being developed for SMEs. To this end, an approach to age-appropriate training will be designed with the help of AR technology. In times of the corona pandemic, a special research design is necessary for the initial survey of the current state in the companies, which will be systematically elaborated in this paper. The results of the previous methodological considerations illustrate the necessity of a mix of methods to generate a deeper insight into the work processes. Video-based retrospective interviews seem to be a suitable instrument to adequately capture the employees' interpretative perspectives on their work activities. In conclusion, the paper identifies specific challenges, such as creating acceptance among employees, open questions, e.g., how a transfer or generalization of the results can succeed, and hypotheses that will have to be tested in the further course of the research process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UllrichTeichmannGronau2021,
  author    = {Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Teichmann, Malte and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Fast trainable capabilities in software engineering-skill development in learning factories},
  series = {Ji suan ji jiao yu = Computer Education / Qing hua da xue},
  journal   = {Ji suan ji jiao yu = Computer Education / Qing hua da xue},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {[Verlag nicht ermittelbar]},
  address   = {Bei jing shi},
  issn      = {1672-5913},
  doi       = {10.16512/j.cnki.jsjjy.2020.12.002},
  pages     = {2 -- 10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The increasing demand for software engineers cannot completely be fulfilled by university education and conventional training approaches due to limited capacities. Accordingly, an alternative approach is necessary where potential software engineers are being educated in software engineering skills using new methods. We suggest micro tasks combined with theoretical lessons to overcome existing skill deficits and acquire fast trainable capabilities. This paper addresses the gap between demand and supply of software engineers by introducing an actionoriented and scenario-based didactical approach, which enables non-computer scientists to code. Therein, the learning content is provided in small tasks and embedded in learning factory scenarios. Therefore, different requirements for software engineers from the market side and from an academic viewpoint are analyzed and synthesized into an integrated, yet condensed skills catalogue. This enables the development of training and education units that focus on the most important skills demanded on the market. To achieve this objective, individual learning scenarios are developed. Of course, proper basic skills in coding cannot be learned over night but software programming is also no sorcery.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TeichmannUllrichKotarskietal.2021,
  author    = {Teichmann, Malte and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Kotarski, David and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Facing the demographic change},
  series = {SSRN eLibrary / Social Science Research Network},
  journal   = {SSRN eLibrary / Social Science Research Network},
  publisher = {Social Science Electronic Publ.},
  address   = {[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]},
  issn      = {1556-5068},
  doi       = {10.2139/ssrn.3858716},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Digitization and demographic change are enormous challenges for companies. Learning factories as innovative learning places can help prepare older employees for the digital change but must be designed and configured based on their specific learning requirements. To date, however, there are no particular recommendations to ensure effective age-appropriate training of bluecollar workers in learning factories. Therefore, based on a literature review, design characteristics and attributes of learning factories and learning requirements of older employees are presented. Furthermore, didactical recommendations for realizing age-appropriate learning designs in learning factories and a conceptualized scenario are outlined by synthesizing the findings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GrumKlippertAlbersetal.2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Klippert, Monika and Albers, Albert and Gronau, Norbert and Thim, Christof},
  title     = {Examining the quality of knowledge transfers},
  series = {Proceedings of the Design Society},
  volume    = {1},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Design Society},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {2732-527X},
  doi       = {10.1017/pds.2021.404},
  pages     = {1431 -- 1440},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Already successfully used products or designs, past projects or our own experiences can be the basis for the development of new products. As reference products or existing knowledge, it is reused in the development process and across generations of products. Since further, products are developed in cooperation, the development of new product generations is characterized by knowledge-intensive processes in which information and knowledge are exchanged between different kinds of knowledge carriers. The particular knowledge transfer here describes the identification of knowledge, its transmission from the knowledge carrier to the knowledge receiver, and its application by the knowledge receiver, which includes embodied knowledge of physical products. Initial empirical findings of the quantitative effects regarding the speed of knowledge transfers already have been examined. However, the factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfer to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfer in product development have not yet been examined empirically. Therefore, this paper prepares an experimental setting for the empirical investigation of the quality of knowledge transfers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Gronau2021,
  author    = {Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {ERP-Systeme},
  series = {De Gruyter Studium},
  journal   = {De Gruyter Studium},
  edition   = {4. Auflage},
  publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg},
  address   = {Berlin ; Boston},
  isbn      = {978-3-11-066339-6},
  issn      = {2365-7197},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110663396},
  pages     = {XIII, 372},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GrumHiesslMareschetal.2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Hiessl, Werner and Maresch, Karl and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Design of a neuronal training modeling language},
  series = {AIS-Transactions on enterprise systems},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {AIS-Transactions on enterprise systems},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {GITO-Publ., Verl. f{\"u}r Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1867-7134},
  doi       = {10.30844/aistes.v5i1.20},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As the complexity of learning task requirements, computer infrastruc- tures and knowledge acquisition for artificial neuronal networks (ANN) is in- creasing, it is challenging to talk about ANN without creating misunderstandings. An efficient, transparent and failure-free design of learning tasks by models is not supported by any tool at all. For this purpose, particular the consideration of data, information and knowledge on the base of an integration with knowledge- intensive business process models and a process-oriented knowledge manage- ment are attractive. With the aim of making the design of learning tasks express- ible by models, this paper proposes a graphical modeling language called Neu- ronal Training Modeling Language (NTML), which allows the repetitive use of learning designs. An example ANN project of AI-based dynamic GUI adaptation exemplifies its use as a first demonstration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PanzerBenderGronau2021,
  author    = {Panzer, Marcel and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Deep reinforcement learning in production planning and control},
  series = {Proceedings of the Conference on Production Systems and Logistics},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Production Systems and Logistics},
  publisher = {publish-Ing.},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2701-6277},
  doi       = {10.15488/11238},
  pages     = {535 -- 545},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Increasingly fast development cycles and individualized products pose major challenges for today's smart production systems in times of industry 4.0. The systems must be flexible and continuously adapt to changing conditions while still guaranteeing high throughputs and robustness against external disruptions. Deep rein- forcement learning (RL) algorithms, which already reached impressive success with Google DeepMind's AlphaGo, are increasingly transferred to production systems to meet related requirements. Unlike supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques, deep RL algorithms learn based on recently collected sensor- and process-data in direct interaction with the environment and are able to perform decisions in real-time. As such, deep RL algorithms seem promising given their potential to provide decision support in complex environments, as production systems, and simultaneously adapt to changing circumstances. While different use-cases for deep RL emerged, a structured overview and integration of findings on their application are missing. To address this gap, this contribution provides a systematic literature review of existing deep RL applications in the field of production planning and control as well as production logistics. From a performance perspective, it became evident that deep RL can beat heuristics significantly in their overall performance and provides superior solutions to various industrial use-cases. Nevertheless, safety and reliability concerns must be overcome before the widespread use of deep RL is possible which presumes more intensive testing of deep RL in real world applications besides the already ongoing intensive simulations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PanzerBenderGronau2021,
  author    = {Panzer, Marcel and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Deep reinforcement learning in production planning and control},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {2701-6277},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-60572},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-605722},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Increasingly fast development cycles and individualized products pose major challenges for today's smart production systems in times of industry 4.0. The systems must be flexible and continuously adapt to changing conditions while still guaranteeing high throughputs and robustness against external disruptions. Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, which already reached impressive success with Google DeepMind's AlphaGo, are increasingly transferred to production systems to meet related requirements. Unlike supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques, deep RL algorithms learn based on recently collected sensorand process-data in direct interaction with the environment and are able to perform decisions in real-time. As such, deep RL algorithms seem promising given their potential to provide decision support in complex environments, as production systems, and simultaneously adapt to changing circumstances. While different use-cases for deep RL emerged, a structured overview and integration of findings on their application are missing. To address this gap, this contribution provides a systematic literature review of existing deep RL applications in the field of production planning and control as well as production logistics. From a performance perspective, it became evident that deep RL can beat heuristics significantly in their overall performance and provides superior solutions to various industrial use-cases. Nevertheless, safety and reliability concerns must be overcome before the widespread use of deep RL is possible which presumes more intensive testing of deep RL in real world applications besides the already ongoing intensive simulations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{GronauRojahn2021,
  author    = {Gronau, Norbert and Rojahn, Marcel},
  title     = {Das Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)},
  series = {IT-Recht : Recht, Wirtschaft und Technik der digitalen Transformation},
  booktitle = {IT-Recht : Recht, Wirtschaft und Technik der digitalen Transformation},
  editor    = {Leupold, Andreas and Wiebe, Andreas and Glossner, Silke},
  edition   = {4., {\"u}berarbeitet und erweitert},
  publisher = {C.H. Beck},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-406-74458-7},
  pages     = {1115 -- 1124},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BenderGronau2021,
  author    = {Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Coring on digital software platforms},
  series = {Schriften zur Business Analytics und zum Informationsmanagement},
  journal   = {Schriften zur Business Analytics und zum Informationsmanagement},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-34798-7},
  issn      = {2946-0670},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_4},
  pages     = {45 -- 77},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Today's mobile devices are part of powerful business ecosystems, which usually involve digital platforms. To better understand the complex phenomenon of coring and related dynamics, this paper presents a case study comparing iMessage as part of Apple's iOS and WhatsApp. Specifically, it investigates activities regarding platform coring, as the integration of several functionalities provided by third-party applications in the platform core. The paper makes three contributions. First, a systematization of coring activities is developed. Coring modes are differentiated by the amount of coring and application maintenance. Second, the case study revealed that the phenomenon of platform coring is present on digital platforms for mobile devices. Third, the fundamentals of coring are discussed as a first step towards theoretical development. Even though coring constitutes a potential threat for third-party developers regarding their functional differentiation, an idea of what a beneficial partnership incorporating coring activities could look like is developed here.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{GrumThimGronau2021,
  author    = {Grum, Marcus and Thim, Christof and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {Aiming for knowledge-transfer-optimizing intelligent cyber-physical systems},
  series = {Towards sustainable customization : cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  booktitle = {Towards sustainable customization : cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  editor    = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-90699-3},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_16},
  pages     = {149 -- 157},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Since more and more production tasks are enabled by Industry 4.0 techniques, the number of knowledge-intensive production tasks increases as trivial tasks can be automated and only non-trivial tasks demand human-machine interactions. With this, challenges regarding the competence of production workers, the complexity of tasks and stickiness of required knowledge occur [1]. Furthermore, workers experience time pressure which can lead to a decrease in output quality. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have the potential to assist workers in knowledge-intensive work grounded on quantitative insights about knowledge transfer activities [2]. By providing contextual and situational awareness as well as complex classification and selection algorithms, CPS are able to ease knowledge transfer in a way that production time and quality is improved significantly. CPS have only been used for direct production and process optimization, knowledge transfers have only been regarded in assistance systems with little contextual awareness. Embedding production and knowledge transfer optimization thus show potential for further improvements. This contribution outlines the requirements and a framework to design these systems. It accounts for the relevant factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ThimGrumSchueffleretal.2021,
  author    = {Thim, Christof and Grum, Marcus and Sch{\"u}ffler, Arnulf and Roling, Wiebke and Kluge, Annette and Gronau, Norbert},
  title     = {A concept for a distributed Interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS},
  series = {Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  booktitle = {Towards sustainable customization: cridging smart products and manufacturing systems},
  editor    = {Andersen, Ann-Louise and Andersen, Rasmus and Brunoe, Thomas Ditlev and Larsen, Maria Stoettrup Schioenning and Nielsen, Kjeld and Napoleone, Alessia and Kjeldgaard, Stefan},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-90699-3},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-90700-6_35},
  pages     = {314 -- 321},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As AI technology is increasingly used in production systems, different approaches have emerged from highly decentralized small-scale AI at the edge level to centralized, cloud-based services used for higher-order optimizations. Each direction has disadvantages ranging from the lack of computational power at the edge level to the reliance on stable network connections with the centralized approach. Thus, a hybrid approach with centralized and decentralized components that possess specific abilities and interact is preferred. However, the distribution of AI capabilities leads to problems in self-adapting learning systems, as knowledgebases can diverge when no central coordination is present. Edge components will specialize in distinctive patterns (overlearn), which hampers their adaptability for different cases. Therefore, this paper aims to present a concept for a distributed interchangeable knowledge base in CPPS. The approach is based on various AI components and concepts for each participating node. A service-oriented infrastructure allows a decentralized, loosely coupled architecture of the CPPS. By exchanging knowledge bases between nodes, the overall system should become more adaptive, as each node can "forget" their present specialization.},
  language  = {en}
}