@article{Greil2006, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Patterns of sexual dimorphism from birth to senescence}, series = {Collegium antropologicum}, volume = {30}, journal = {Collegium antropologicum}, number = {3}, publisher = {Institute for Anthropological Research}, address = {Zagreb}, issn = {0350-6134}, pages = {637 -- 641}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Sexual dimorphism is expressed as median of the female values in percent of the median of the male values, of 4 length measurements, 3 circumferences, and 5 measurements of corpulence respectively fat. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of more than 41.000 German subjects, aged from birth to age 62. The pattern of sexual dimorphism is similar in the length measurements. Girls are shorter at birth, but they increase in length at higher rates than boys and even temporarily overgrow the boys up to age 12. Thereafter, males show an obvious growth advantage leading to some 6 to 9\% more length in adult males. In contrast, female circumferences are always smaller, from birth to senescence. Though, the differences between the sexes are low in circumferences, up to age 13, sexual dimorphism increases to 17\% in the thoracic circumference at adulthood. Sexual dimorphism in weight and BMI is comparably with that in length measurements while subcutaneous fat and total body fat content are always higher in females. The results highlight that sexual dimorphism develops at different pace in the various components of the body and that it associates with a sex specific growth tempo.}, language = {en} } @article{Greil1997, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Physique, type of body shape and nutritional status}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{Greil1997, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Ontogenetic aspects of dimensions and proportions in sitting posture}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{Greil1996, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Age-sex- and group specifics of physique and state of nutrition}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{GreilJuergens1995, author = {Greil, Holle and J{\"u}rgens, Hans Wilhelm}, title = {Type of body shape, food energy intake and dietary habits in Germany}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{VoigtGreil2009, author = {Voigt, Andrea and Greil, Holle}, title = {Body measurements and the variability of sitting postures at preschool age as preconditions for an optimal adjustment of chairs and tables}, issn = {0003-5548}, doi = {10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0006}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Preschool age is a biological stage of intensive longitudinal growth with high plasticity of the growing body and of body postures. It is the period where children learn to persist in a sitting posture for a longer time and to use furniture like chairs or other body supporting systems. The growing body shows a special sensitivity for the manifestation of inappropriate postures. In this study the development of body measurements and sitting behaviour of preschool age children is investigated as a precondition for an optimal adjustment of seats and desks to the growing body. Accordingly to the instructions of Knußmann (1988) and J{\"u}rgens (1988) 6 body measurements were taken from 122 German children aged 3 to 7 years from Potsdam, Province Brandenburg. Additionally, every child was videotaped for 10 minutes while crayoning in a sitting position of its own choice using a chair and a desk. To analyse the tapes, the software Noldus Observer was used and examined, picture by picture, to define the different types of sitting postures as well as the duration of persistence in a posture and the number of changes of postures. The used chairs and desks were also measured. Furthermore, the data of the furniture guideline DIN ISO 5970 (DIN, 1981), which regulates the dimensions of furniture for sitting in educational institutions, were compared with the results of the body measurements and with the dimensions of the furniture used by the children.}, language = {en} } @article{Greil1997, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Sex, body type and timing in bodily development : trend statements based on a cross-sectional anthropometric study}, isbn = {953-96073-2-9}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{GreilTrippo1998, author = {Greil, Holle and Trippo, Ulrike}, title = {Physique and body composition : comparsion of methods and results}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{TrippoGreil1998, author = {Trippo, Ulrike and Greil, Holle}, title = {Body composition, nutrition and nutritional habits of young and elderly adults}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Greil1998, author = {Greil, Holle}, title = {Age- and sex-specifity of the secular trend of height in East Germany}, year = {1998}, language = {en} }