@article{PitzerSchmidtEsseretal.2001,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Child development after maternal tocolysis with beta-sympathomimetic drugs},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {The psycho-social development of both preterm and term children (n=347) whose mothers reported tocolytic treatment was assessed at the ages of 2, 4.5, 8 years. Term children exposed to tocolysis showed a higher rate of psychiatric disorders as well as poorer cognitive and motor performance than controls. In the preterm children no adverse impact of tocolysis could be found. The results are discussed concerning possible ways in which tocolytic treatment may influence child development. Restrictions because of the preliminary character of this study and the need of further prospective studies to clarify the developmental impact of tocolysis are also considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeindrichJennenSteinmetzLauchtetal.2000,
  author    = {Weindrich, D. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Epidemiology and prognosis of specific disorders of language and scholastic skills},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Vor- und Nachteile von Longitudinalstudien in der Klinischen Psychologie und Jugendpsychiatrie},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserIhle2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Der Verlauf psychischer St{\"o}rungen vom Kindes- zum Jugendalter},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserIhle2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Die Kurpfalzerhebung - Ziele, Methoden und bisherige Ergebnisse},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsser2000,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}valenz, Komorbidit{\"a}t und Geschlechtsunterschiede psychischer St{\"o}rungen vom Grundschul- bis ins fr{\"u}he Erwachsenenalter},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserDinterJoerg2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Dinter-J{\"o}rg, Monika},
  title     = {Der Beitrag der direkten Beobachtung der Interaktion von Mutter und Kleinkind zur Vorhersage sp{\"a}terer psychischer Auff{\"a}lligkeiten},
  isbn      = {3-934252-66-4},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserHoeschetal.2000,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Hoesch, I. and Gerold, M. and Hoesch, I. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Steigleider, Petra and Stock, B. and Stoehr, R.-M. and Weindrich, D. and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Behavioral Sequelae of Perinatal Insults and Early Family Adversity at 8 Years of Age},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Externalisierende und internalisierende St{\"o}rungen in der Kindheit : Untersuchungen zur Entwicklungspsychopathologie},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Entwicklung von Risikokindern im Schulalter : die langfristigen Folgen fr{\"u}hkindlicher Belastungen},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2000,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {L{\"a}ngsschnittforschung zur Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen : Zielsetzung, Konzeption und zentrale Befunde der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Zur Erforschung der Entwicklungsepidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen gilt die prospektive Untersuchung von Risikogruppen als K{\"o}nigsweg. Fragestellung: Beschreibung der Entwicklungsmuster von Kindern mit fr{\"u}hen Belastungen, Ermittlung von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Entwicklungsresultate und Identifikation von Mechanismen, die differentiellen Verl{\"a}ufen zugrunde liegen. Methode: In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie (mit Erhebungswellen im Alter von 0;3, 2, 4 , 8 und 11 Jahren) wurden die Entstehung und der Verlauf von Entwicklungs- und Verhaltensst{\"o}rungen bei 384 Kindern untersucht. Organische (pr{\"a}- und perinatale Komplikationen) und psychosoziale Risiken (famili{\"a}re Belastungen) wurden in einem zwei- faktoriellen Design variiert. Ergebnisse: Die negativen Folgen fr{\"u}her Risiken waren bis zum Schulalter nachweisbar. W{\"a}hrend organische Risiken vor allem die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung beeintr{\"a}chtigten, konzentrierten sich die Auswirkungen psychosozialer Belastungen auf kognitive und sozial-emotionale Funktionen. Beide Risiken addierten sich in ihren negativen Konsequenzen. Schlussfolgerungen: Fr{\"u}hkindliche Risiken haben spezifische und langfristige Auswirkungen. Kinder mit multiplen Risikobelastungen sind in ihrer Entwicklung am st{\"a}rksten gef{\"a}hrdet.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StoehrLauchtEsseretal.2000,
  author    = {St{\"o}hr, R.-M. and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Die Geburt eines Geschwisters : Chancen und Risiken f{\"u}r das erstgeborene Kind},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserBlanzetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Blanz, Bernhard and Schmidt, Martin H. and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard},
  title     = {Risk conditions and developmental patterns of mental disorders from childhood to early adulthood : results from two longitudinal studies in Rostock and Mannheim},
  isbn      = {3-11-016500-7},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IhleEsserReisetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Blanz, Bernhard and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen im {\"U}bergang vom Jugend- zum Erwachsenenalter in Zeiten gesellschaftlichen Wandels : Ergebnisse zweier L{\"a}ngsschnittstudien in Rostock und Mannheim},
  isbn      = {3-7867-2180-7},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.1999,
  author    = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara},
  title     = {Dissozialit{\"a}t : Vorstufe von Jugendkriminalit{\"a}t?},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard},
  title     = {Genese und Verlauf von Angsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserBoecketal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Boeck, K. and Fischer, Andreas W. and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Maladaptive coping strategies : antecedents, correlates or consequences of mental disorders?},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser1999,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Anmerkungen zur Kaufmann-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserSchmidt1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {The contribution of developmental psychopathology to the understanding of the aetiology and course of mentl disorders : a prospective study from childhood to early adulthood},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard},
  title     = {Angst als psychosoziales Ph{\"a}nomen und psychotherapeutisches Anliegen},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser1999,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Sind die Kriterien der sittlichen Reife des \S 105 JGG tats{\"a}chlich reifungsabh{\"a}ngig?},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser1999,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Empirische Entwicklungspsychopathologie},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserIhleLauchtetal.1999,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Entwicklung psychischer Aff{\"a}lligkeiten},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtGeroldEsseretal.1999,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Strukturmodelle der Genese psychischer St{\"o}rungen in der Kindheit : Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1999,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Was wird aus Risikokindern? : Ergebnisse der Mannheimer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie im {\"U}berblick},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HerrleLauchtEsseretal.1999,
  author    = {Herrle, Johannes and Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Dinter-J{\"o}rg, Monika and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Dysphorische S{\"a}uglinge : fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion und Entwicklung bis zum Vorschulalter},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KohnRauscherKucianetal.2020,
  author    = {Kohn, Juliane and Rauscher, Larissa and Kucian, Karin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.},
  title     = {Efficacy of a Computer-Based Learning Program in Children With Developmental Dyscalculia},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01115},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This study presents the evaluation of a computer-based learning program for children with developmental dyscalculia and focuses on factors affecting individual responsiveness. The adaptive training program Calcularis 2.0 has been developed according to current neuro-cognitive theory of numerical cognition. It aims to automatize number representations, supports the formation and access to the mental number line and trains arithmetic operations as well as arithmetic fact knowledge in expanding number ranges. Sixty-seven children with developmental dyscalculia from second to fifth grade (mean age 8.96 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (Calcularis group, waiting control group). Training duration comprised a minimum of 42 training sessions {\`a} 20 min within a maximum period of 13 weeks. Compared to the waiting control group, children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in arithmetic operations and number line estimation. These improvements were shown to be stable after a 3-months post training interval. In addition, this study examines which predictors accounted for training improvements. Results indicate that this self-directed training was especially beneficial for children with low math anxiety scores and without an additional reading and/or spelling disorder. In conclusion, Calcularis 2.0 supports children with developmental dyscalculia to improve their arithmetical abilities and their mental number line representation. However, it is relevant to further adapt the setting to the individual circumstances.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PolowczykTrautmannVillalbaDinterJoergetal.2000,
  author    = {Polowczyk, M. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Dinter-J{\"o}rg, Monika and Gerold, M. and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Auff{\"a}llige Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Vorschulalter bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischen und Sozialverhaltensauff{\"a}lligkeiten},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2008,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Basisdiagnostik Umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen im Grundschulalter (BUEGA)},
  issn      = {1864-6050},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBallaschk2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja},
  title     = {Leistungsdiagnostik auf verschiedenen Altersstufen},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBallaschk2006,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie und Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie},
  isbn      = {978- 3-406-54106-3},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBallaschk2005,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen : Forschungsstand und Perspektiven},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Sind Rechenst{\"o}rungen genau so h{\"a}ufig wie Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen?},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917.37.6.499},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Is a specific disorder of arithmetic skills as common as reading/spelling disorder?Background: Referring to the prevalence rates of learning disorders in the research literature, the numbers of mathematics disorder and reading/ spelling disorder are often reported to be identical. However, the correlation between intelligence level and reading/ spelling skills is much weaker than between intelligence and arithmetic skills. If the same definition criterion is applied to both disorders, a lower prevalence rate for mathematics disorder should be expected. Objective: Are there differences in the prevalence estimates for learning disorders depending on the definition criterion? Method: A large representative sample of German students (N = 1970) was used to review the hypothesis. Results: Depending on the definition criterion, we could show a prevalence range of mathematics disorder between 0.1\% and 8.1\% in the same sample. Using the same definition criterion for both learning disorders, there are two to three times as many students with reading/spelling disorder than those with mathematics disorder. Discussion: Whenever children with reading/spelling disorder are compared to children with mathematics disorder, the same definition criterion has to be applied.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StraubHaenschBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Straub, Hans-Beatus and Haensch, Sylvana and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {The Brandenburg questionnaire for quality of life in epilepsy patients : a new, short and valid instrument},
  issn      = {0013-9580},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02156.x},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoltzQuandteKohnetal.2022,
  author    = {Poltz, Nadine and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn, Juliane and Kucian, Karin and Wyschkon, Anne and von Aster, Michael and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Does It Count? Pre-School Children's Spontaneous Focusing on Numerosity and Their Development of Arithmetical Skills at School},
  series = {Brain Sciences},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Brain Sciences},
  edition   = {3},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2076-3425},
  doi       = {10.3390/brainsci12030313},
  pages     = {1 -- 18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Children's spontaneous focusing on numerosity (SFON) is related to numerical skills. This study aimed to examine (1) the developmental trajectory of SFON and (2) the interrelations between SFON and early numerical skills at pre-school as well as their influence on arithmetical skills at school. Method: Overall, 1868 German pre-school children were repeatedly assessed until second grade. Nonverbal intelligence, visual attention, visuospatial working memory, SFON and numerical skills were assessed at age five (M = 63 months, Time 1) and age six (M = 72 months, Time 2), and arithmetic was assessed at second grade (M = 95 months, Time 3). Results: SFON increased significantly during pre-school. Path analyses revealed interrelations between SFON and several numerical skills, except number knowledge. Magnitude estimation and basic calculation skills (Time 1 and Time 2), and to a small degree number knowledge (Time 2), contributed directly to arithmetic in second grade. The connection between SFON and arithmetic was fully mediated by magnitude estimation and calculation skills at pre-school. Conclusion: Our results indicate that SFON first and foremost influences deeper understanding of numerical concepts at pre-school and—in contrast to previous findings -affects only indirectly children's arithmetical development at school.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannSchmidBlomeyeretal.2009,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Schumann, Gunter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Impact of age at first drink on vulnerability to alcohol-related problems : testing the marker hypothesis in a prospective study of young adults},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.006},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {There is ample evidence that the early initiation of alcohol use is a risk factor for the development of later alcohol-related problems. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether this association can be explained by indicators of a common underlying susceptibility or whether age at drinking onset may be considered as an independent predictor of later drinking behavior, suggesting a potential causal relationship. Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort study of the long-term outcomes of early risk factors followed up from birth onwards. Structured interviews were administered to 304 participants to assess age at first drink and current drinking behavior. Data on risk factors, including early family adversity, parental alcohol use, childhood psychopathology and stressful life events, were repeatedly collected during childhood using standardized parent interviews. In addition, information on genotype was considered. Results confirmed previous work demonstrating that hazardous alcohol consumption is related to early-adolescent drinking onset. A younger age of first drink was significantly predicted by 5-HTTLPR genotype and the degree of preceding externalizing symptoms, and both factors were related to increased consumption or harmful alcohol use at age 19. However, even after controlling for these potential explanatory factors, earlier age at drinking onset remained a strong predictor of heavy alcohol consumption in young adulthood. The present longitudinal study adds to the current literature indicating that the early onset - adult hazardous drinking association cannot solely be attributed to shared genetic and psychopathologic risk factors as examined in this study.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlomeyerTreutleinEsseretal.2007,
  author    = {Blomeyer, Dorothea and Treutlein, Jens and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Schumann, Gunter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent animal research suggests that alterations in the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) may lead to heavy alcohol use following repeated stress. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the CRHR1 gene and adverse life events on heavy drinking in adolescents. Methods: Data were available from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 15 years, 280 participants (135 males, 145 females) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring alcohol use and were genotyped for two SNPs (rs242938, rs1876831) of CRHR1. Assessment of negative life events over the past three years was obtained by a standardized interview with the parents. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the C allele of rs1876831 drank higher maximum amounts of alcohol per occasion and had greater lifetime rates of heavy drinking in relation to negative life events than individuals carrying the T allele. No gene X environment interactions were found for regular drinking and between rs242938 and stressful life events. Conclusions: These findings provide first evidence in humans that the CRHR1 gene interacts with exposure to stressful life events to predict heavy alcohol use in adolescents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2017,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Cattrell, Anna and Schumann, Gunter and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Buitelaar, Jan and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1749-5016},
  doi       = {10.1093/scan/nsw120},
  pages     = {261 -- 272},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlomeyerBuchmannLascorzetal.2013,
  author    = {Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Lascorz, Jesus and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Desrivieres, Sylvane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schumann, Gunter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0059136},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposure to severe negative life events is related to both heavy drinking and disturbed circadian rhythmicity. The aim of this study was 1) to extend previous findings suggesting an association of a haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardous drinking. Methods: Data were collected as part of an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rs56013859 and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Life stress was assessed as the number of severe negative life events during the past four years reported in a questionnaire and validated by interview. Results: Individuals with the minor G allele of rs56013859 were found to be less engaged in alcohol use, drinking at only 72\% of the days compared to homozygotes for the major A allele. Moreover, among regular drinkers, a gene x environment interaction emerged (p = .020). While no effects of genotype appeared under conditions of low stress, carriers of the G allele exhibited less hazardous drinking than those homozygous for the A allele when exposed to high stress. Conclusions: These findings may suggest a role of the circadian rhythm gene PER2 in both the drinking patterns of young adults and in moderating the impact of severe life stress on hazardous drinking in experienced alcohol users. However, in light of the likely burden of multiple tests, the nature of the measures used and the nominal evidence of interaction, replication is needed before drawing firm conclusions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtBeckerFranketal.2008,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Becker, Katja and Frank, Josef and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Treutlein, Jens and Skowronek, Markus H. and Schumann, Gunter},
  title     = {Genetic variation in dopamine pathways differentially associated with smoking progression in adolescence},
  issn      = {0890-8567},
  doi       = {10.1097/Chi.0b013e31816bff77},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Objective: To clarify the nature of the association between dopamine genes and smoking by examining whether genetic variability in components of the dopamine pathway could explain refined phenotypes in adolescent smoking progression. Method: Data are from an ongoing prospective study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors studied since birth. At age 15 years, 220 participants (108 males, 112 females) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring smoking behavior and were genotyped for five dopamine gene variants. Results: Smoking initiation was related to allelic variation in the dopamine D-4 receptor gene (DRD4), whereas smoking continuation and dependence showed association with the dopamine D-2 receptor gene (DRD2). Adolescents with the seven-repeat allele of the common DRD4 exon 3 polymorphism had rates of ever smoking that were significantly higher than in those with other genotypes. Once smoking started, carriers of the T allele of a single nucleotide polymorphism of DRD2 (rs4648317) reported higher rates of current smoking and scored higher on nicotine dependence than their allelic counterparts. Among current smokers, intention to quit was significantly lower in adolescents homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter 3 untranslated region polymorphism. Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence of genetic influences on different stages of smoking and suggest the importance of specific dopamine genes in smoking progression in adolescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserReichWageneretal.2017,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Reich, Stefanie and Wagener, Nina and H{\"o}sch, Ingrid and Ihle, Wolfgang and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {PoKI: Potsdamer Kinder-Interview f{\"u}r 6- bis 12-J{\"a}hrige},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  pages     = {57},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WyschkonSchulzGallitetal.2017,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Schulz, Franziska and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Moraske, Svenja and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000535},
  pages     = {107 -- 122},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen (LRS) {\"u}ber gut 5 Jahre unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das sp{\"a}tere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Sch{\"u}ler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn f{\"u}r das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erf{\"u}llt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe St{\"o}rungspersistenz von knapp 70 \% auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Sch{\"u}ler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zur{\"u}ck. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Sch{\"u}ler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Daf{\"u}r sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Pr{\"a}valenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BondueEsser2015,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms},
  series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1018-8827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00787-014-0560-9},
  pages     = {185 -- 198},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Justice sensitivity captures individual differences in the frequency with which injustice is perceived and the intensity of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to it. Persons with ADHD have been reported to show high justice sensitivity, and a recent study provided evidence for this notion in an adult sample. In 1,235 German 10- to 19-year olds, we measured ADHD symptoms, justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective, the frequency of perceptions of injustice, anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and self-esteem. Participants with ADHD symptoms reported significantly higher victim justice sensitivity, more perceptions of injustice, and higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, but significantly lower perpetrator justice sensitivity than controls. In latent path analyses, justice sensitivity as well as rejection sensitivity partially mediated the link between ADHD symptoms and comorbid problems when considered simultaneously. Thus, both justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity may contribute to explaining the emergence and maintenance of problems typically associated with ADHD symptoms, and should therefore be considered in ADHD therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraheBondueHoeseetal.2015,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and H{\"o}se, Anna and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study},
  series = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1050-8392},
  doi       = {10.1111/jora.12115},
  pages     = {328 -- 339},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study examined the links between child aggression and parenting stress over 4years. Child aggression was hypothesized to contribute to parenting stress, which should increase aggression. Parents and teachers of 239 German children aged between 6 and 15years completed measures of child aggression at Time 1 and Time 3, complemented by children's self-reports of aggression at Time 3. Parents rated their child-focused and parent-focused stress at an intermediate measurement Time 2. Child-focused stress mediated the path from Time 1 to Time 3 aggression in boys and girls, whereas parent-focused stress was unrelated to Time 3 aggression. The findings help to understand the continuity of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence and highlight the need to intervene early with families susceptible to parenting stress.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JungKraheBondueetal.2016,
  author    = {Jung, Janis Moritz and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence},
  series = {Applied Developmental Science},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Applied Developmental Science},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1088-8691},
  doi       = {10.1080/10888691.2016.1219228},
  pages     = {74 -- 88},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study from Germany examined the dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence based on the social interactional model by Patterson, DeBaryshe, and Ramsey. It examined the link between antisocial behavior, social rejection, academic failure, and affiliation with deviant peers in a sample of 1,657 children and youths aged between 6 and 15 years who were studied at three measurement waves (T1 to T3) over a time period of about 5 years. Teachers rated the children on all variables, parents additionally provided ratings of antisocial behavior and social rejection. Latent structural equation modeling yielded the predicted positive paths from antisocial behavior at T1 to social rejection and academic failure at T2. As predicted, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 was positively associated with social rejection and academic failure at the same measurement point. Finally, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 significantly predicted antisocial behavior at T3.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueSahyaziciKnaakEsser2017,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Sahyazici-Knaak, Fidan and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Long-Term Associations of Justice Sensitivity, Rejection Sensitivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01446},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Depressive symptoms have been related to anxious rejection sensitivity, but little is known about relations with angry rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity. We measured rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and depressive symptoms in 1,665 9-to-21-year olds at two points of measurement. Participants with high T1 levels of depressive symptoms reported higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and higher justice sensitivity than controls at T1 and T2. T1 rejection, but not justice sensitivity predicted T2 depressive symptoms; high victim justice sensitivity, however, added to the stabilization of depressive symptoms. T1 depressive symptoms positively predicted T2 anxious and angry rejection and victim justice sensitivity. Hence, sensitivity toward negative social cues may be cause and consequence of depressive symptoms and requires consideration in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TetznerKlieglKraheetal.2017,
  author    = {Tetzner, Julia and Kliegl, Reinhold and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Developmental problems in adolescence},
  series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0193-3973},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.003},
  pages     = {40 -- 53},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study investigated patterns of developmental problems across depression, aggression, and academic achievement during adolescence, using two measurement points two years apart (N = 1665; age T1: M = 13.14; female = 49.6\%). Latent Profile Analyses and Latent Transition Analyses yielded four main findings: A three-type solution provided the best fit to the data: an asymptomatic type (i.e., low problem scores in all three domains), a depressed type (i.e., high scores in depression), an aggressive type (i.e., high scores in aggression). Profile types were invariant over the two data waves but differed between girls and boys, revealing gender specific patterns of comorbidity. Stabilities over time were high for the asymptomatic type and for types that represented problems in one domain, but moderate for comorbid types. Differences in demographic variables (i.e., age, socio-economic status) and individual characteristics (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional cognitions, cognitive capabilities) predicted profile type memberships and longitudinal transitions between types.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {Goethe, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  series = {Developmental psychology},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Developmental psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0012-1649},
  doi       = {10.1037/a0025660},
  pages     = {459 -- 476},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {G{\"o}the, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children : tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and 1 deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}