@article{CostaKropp2019,
  author    = {Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Estimating investments in knowledge and planning activities for adaptation in developing countries: an empirical approach},
  series = {Climate \& development},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Climate \& development},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1756-5529},
  doi       = {10.1080/17565529.2018.1562865},
  pages     = {755 -- 764},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Costs of adaptation in the developing world have been mostly equated to those of climate proofing infrastructure under the assumption of unconstrained knowledge and planning capacities. To correct this, we introduce a cost-scaling methodology estimating sectoral investments to enhance the knowledge and planning capacities of countries based on an empirical collection of 385 climate-related projects. We estimate that circa 9.2 billion USD are required for financing knowledge and planning activities in developing countries in 2015. The agricultural and water sectors demand the higher investments ? 3.8 and 3.5 billion USD, respectively. Average investments between 2015 and 2050 are projected at 7 billion USD per year ? the largest fraction of which (4 billion) in Africa. Investments in this study were found to constitute approximately 40\%, 20?60\% and 5?15\% of previous cost estimates to climate-proof infrastructure in the agricultural, water, and coastal sectors, respectively. The effort to finance the knowledge and planning capacities in developing countries is therefore not marginal relative to the costs of adapting infrastructure. The findings underline the potential of using empirical collections of climate-related projects for adaptation cost assessments as complementary to process and economic models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrummenauerPrahlCostaetal.2019,
  author    = {Krummenauer, Linda and Prahl, Boris F. and Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Holsten, Anne and Walther, Carsten and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Global drivers of minimum mortality temperatures in cities},
  series = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man},
  volume    = {695},
  journal   = {The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0048-9697},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.366},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Human mortality shows a pronounced temperature dependence. The minimum mortality temperature (MMT) as a characteristic point of the temperature-mortality relationship is influenced by many factors. As MMT estimates are based on case studies, they are sporadic, limited to data-rich regions, and their drivers have not yet been clearly identified across case studies. This impedes the elaboration of spatially comprehensive impact studies on heat-related mortality and hampers the temporal transfer required to assess climate change impacts. Using 400 MMTs from cities, we systematically establish a generalised model that is able to estimate MMTs (in daily apparent temperature) for cities, based on a set of climatic, topographic and socio-economic drivers. A sigmoid model prevailed against alternative model setups due to having the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) and the smallest RMSE. We find the long-term climate, the elevation, and the socio-economy to be relevant drivers of our MMT sample within the non-linear parametric regression model. A first model application estimated MMTs for 599 European cities ( >100 000 inhabitants) and reveals a pronounced decrease in MMTs (27.8-16 degrees C) from southern to northern cities. Disruptions of this pattern across regions of similar mean temperatures can be explained by socio-economic standards as noted for central eastern Europe. Our alternative method allows to approximate MMTs independently from the availability of daily mortality records. For the first time, a quantification of climatic and non-climatic MMT drivers has been achieved, which allows to consider changes in socio-economic conditions and climate. This work contributes to the comparability among MMTs beyond location-specific and regional limits and, hence, towards a spatially comprehensive impact assessment for heat-related mortality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KriewaldPradhanCostaetal.2019,
  author    = {Kriewald, Steffen and Pradhan, Prajal and Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Ros, Anselmo Garcia Cantu and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Hungry cities: how local food self-sufficiency relates to climate change, diets, and urbanisation},
  series = {Environmental research letters},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Environmental research letters},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1748-9326},
  doi       = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab2d56},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Using a newly developed model approach and combining it with remote sensing, population, and climate data, first insights are provided into how local diets, urbanisation, and climate change relates to local urban food self-sufficiency. In plain terms, by utilizing the global peri-urban (PU) food production potential approximately lbn urban residents (30\% of global urban population) can be locally nourished, whereby further urbanisation is by far the largest pressure factor on PU agriculture, followed by a change of diets, and climate change. A simple global food transport model which optimizes transport and neglects differences in local emission intensities indicates that CO2 emissions related to food transport can be reduced by a factor of 10.},
  language  = {en}
}