@phdthesis{Bieneck2006, author = {Bieneck, Steffen}, title = {Soziale Informationsverarbeitung in der juristischen Urteilsfindung : experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ankerheuristik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Heuristiken der Urteilsbildung umfassen bottom-up bzw. schemagesteuerte Strategien innerhalb der sozialen Informationsverarbeitung, mit deren Hilfe trotz unsicherer Datenlage hinreichend genaue Urteile gef{\"a}llt werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Anker- und Anpassungsheuristik als eine Form solcher Faustregeln beschreibt im Wesentlichen die Wirkung von vorgegebenen Zahlen (den so genannten Ankerwerten) auf numerische Sch{\"a}tzungen. Urteile unter Unsicherheit sind zum Beispiel im Bereich der Rechtsprechung zu beobachten, wobei die Entscheidungsprozesse hier eher normativ auf der Basis der vorliegenden Informationen, d.h. einer datengesteuerten Verarbeitung, erfolgen sollten. In einer Serie von drei Experimenten wurde die Ankerheuristik auf den Bereich der Rechtsprechung {\"u}bertragen. Mit Hilfe der Vignettentechnik wurden N = 229 Rechtsreferendare sowie N = 600 Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften zu ihrem Strafverhalten befragt. Im Mittelpunkt standen drei Zielsetzungen: (1) die Replikation und Erweiterung der Ankereffekts in Bezug auf eine gr{\"o}ßere Gruppe von Deliktarten; (2) die Analyse individueller Unterschiede in der Ankernutzung unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung verschiedener Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariablen (Need for Cognition und Need for Cognitive Closure) sowie (3) die Anregung zu verst{\"a}rkter systematischer Informationsverarbeitung durch die Indizierung einer Genauigkeitsmotivation. Der Ankereffekt in der juristischen Urteilsfindung konnte f{\"u}r die verschiedenen Deliktgruppen repliziert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene Schwere der geschilderten Taten mit dem Strafmaß korrelierte. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde durch die Einf{\"u}hrung von Ankerwerten deutlich reduziert. Entgegen den bisherigen Untersuchungen war zwar auch bei den Rechtsreferendaren ein Ankereffekt zu beobachten, der jedoch geringer ausfiel als bei den Studierenden der Rechtswissenschaften. Im Hinblick auf die Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmale konnte die Erwartung best{\"a}tigt werden, dass ein geringes Kognitionsbed{\"u}rfnis sowie ein hohes Geschlossenheitsbed{\"u}rfnis mit h{\"o}herer Anf{\"a}lligkeit f{\"u}r die Ankerheuristik einhergehen. Die Erzeugung eines Rechtfertigungsdrucks dagegen veranlasste die Probanden, sich intensiver mit den Materialien zu besch{\"a}ftigen und eher datengeleitet vorzugehen. Implikationen f{\"u}r die juristische Praxis werden diskutiert.}, subject = {Soziale Wahrnehmung}, language = {de} } @article{BieneckKrahe2011, author = {Bieneck, Steffen and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery is there a double standard?}, series = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence}, number = {9}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/0886260510372945}, pages = {1785 -- 1797}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBieneck2012, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen}, title = {The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior}, series = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society}, volume = {42}, journal = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-9029}, doi = {10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x}, pages = {271 -- 290}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBieneckScheinbergerOlwig2004, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate}, title = {Sexual scripts in adolescence}, issn = {0044-3514}, year = {2004}, abstract = {To explore the sexual scripts of adolescents, 131 10th and 11th graders generated descriptions of three scripts for sexual interactions: (1) the prototypical script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner attributed to adolescents in general; (2) the script for the first consensual sexual intercourse with a new partner endorsed by themselves individually; (3) the script for a nonconsensual sexual intercourse. Normative acceptance of risk elements of sexual interactions and acceptance of physical force to obtain sexual intercourse with a non-consenting partner were also measured. The results showed that the individual and general scripts for consensual sexual interactions reflected traditional gender roles. The script for the nonconsensual intercourse was based on the <> stereotype. Compared to the general scripts for the age group as a whole, individual scripts were more conservative, containing fewer risk elements. Normative acceptance of risk elements predicted the extent to which risk elements were part of the general and individual scripts. In addition, acceptance of physical force predicted the risk elements of the individual scripts}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBieneckMoeller2005, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid}, title = {Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective}, issn = {0360-0025}, year = {2005}, abstract = {This paper reviews the international literature on intimate partner violence with a focus on gender differences in perpetration and victimization rates. A total of 35 studies from 21 countries are discussed that report prevalence or incidence rates of men's and women's involvement in physical and/or sexual aggression against an intimate partner. In addition, evidence on risk factors as well as consequences of intimate partner violence for men and women is presented. Conceptual and methodological differences between the studies and the lack of comparable databases within countries are discussed as limitations of the evidence, and perspectives for future research are outlined in the framework of cross-cultural psychology}, language = {en} } @article{KraheScheinbergerOlwigBieneck2003, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate and Bieneck, Steffen}, title = {Men's reports of nonconsensual sexual interactions with women}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBieneckMoeller2005, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid}, title = {Understanding gender and intimate partner violence from an international perspective}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @misc{BieneckKrahe2017, author = {Bieneck, Steffen and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery: is there a double standard?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402907}, pages = {13}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.}, language = {en} }