@article{WangFritzschBernardingetal.2013,
  author    = {Wang, Jing and Fritzsch, Claire and Bernarding, Johannes and Krause, Thomas and Mauritz, Karl-Heinz and Brunetti, Maddalena and Dohle, Christian},
  title     = {Cerebral activation evoked by the mirror illusion of the hand in stroke patients compared to normal subjects},
  series = {Neurorehabilitation : an interdisciplinary journal},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Neurorehabilitation : an interdisciplinary journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IOS Press},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1053-8135},
  doi       = {10.3233/NRE-130999},
  pages     = {593 -- 603},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND: Mirror therapy (MT) was found to improve motor function after stroke, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear, especially in single stroke patients. OBJECTIVES: The following imaging study was designed to compare brain activation patterns evoked by the mirror illusion in single stroke patients with normal subjects. METHODS: Fifteen normal volunteers and five stroke patients with severe arm paresis were recruited. Cerebral activations during movement mirroring by means of a video chain were recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Single-subject analysis was performed using SPM 8. RESULTS: For normal subjects, ten and thirteen subjects displayed lateralized cerebral activations evoked by the mirror illusion while moving their right and left hand respectively. The magnitude of this effect in the precuneus contralateral to the seen hand was not dependent on movement speed or subjective experience. Negative correlation of activation strength with age was found for the right hand only. The activation pattern in stroke patients is comparable to that of normal subjects and present in four out of five patients. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the mirror illusion can elicit cerebral activation contralateral to the perceived hand in the majority of single normal subjects, but not in all of them. This is similar even in stroke patients with severe hemiparesis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WangFritzschBernardingetal.2013,
  author    = {Wang, Jing and Fritzsch, Claire and Bernarding, Johannes and Holtze, Susanne and Mauritz, Karl-Heinz and Brunetti, Maddalena and Dohle, Christian},
  title     = {A comparison of neural mechanisms in mirror therapy and movement observation therapy},
  series = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Foundation for Rehabilitation Information},
  address   = {Uppsala},
  issn      = {1650-1977},
  doi       = {10.2340/16501977-1127},
  pages     = {410 -- 413},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Objective: To compare lateralized cerebral activations elicited during self-initiated movement mirroring and observation of movements. Subjects: A total of 15 right-handed healthy subjects, age range 22-56 years. Methods: Functional imaging study comparing movement mirroring with movement observation, in both hands, in an otherwise identical setting. Imaging data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping software, with significance threshold set at p<0.01 (false discovery rate) and a minimum cluster size of 20 voxels. Results: Movement mirroring induced additional activation in primary and higher-order visual areas strictly contralateral to the limb seen by the subject. There was no significant difference of brain activity when comparing movement observation of somebody else's right hand with left hand. Conclusion: Lateralized cerebral activations are elicited by inversion of visual feedback (movement mirroring), but not by movement observation.},
  language  = {en}
}