@article{AudretschKritikosSchiersch2020,
  author    = {Audretsch, David B. and Kritikos, Alexander and Schiersch, Alexander},
  title     = {Microfirms and innovation in the service sector},
  series = {Small business economics},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Small business economics},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0921-898X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11187-020-00366-4},
  pages     = {997 -- 1018},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In the context of microfirms, this paper analyzes whether the link between the three aspects involving innovative activities—R\&D, innovative output, and productivity—hold for knowledge-intensive services. With especially high start-up rates and the majority of employees in microfirms, knowledge-intensive services (KIS) have a starkly different profile from manufacturing. Results from our structural models indicate that KIS firms benefit from innovation activities through increased labor productivity with highly skilled employees being similarly important compared to R\&D for creating innovation output in microfirms. Moreover, the firm size advantage of large firms found for manufacturing almost disappears in KIS, with start-ups and young firms having a higher probability of initiating innovation activities and of successfully turning knowledge into innovation output than mature firms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{AudretschHafensteinKritikosetal.2019,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Audretsch, David B. and Hafenstein, Marian and Kritikos, Alexander and Schiersch, Alexander},
  title     = {Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-42767},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427670},
  pages     = {46},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {A rich literature links knowledge inputs with innovative outputs. However, most of what is known is restricted to manufacturing. This paper analyzes whether the three aspects involving innovative activity - R\&D; innovative output; and productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor productivity. Moreover, the firm size advantage found for manufacturing in previous studies nearly disappears for knowledge intensive services.},
  language  = {en}
}