@article{PerkinsPernaAdrianetal.2019, author = {Perkins, Daniel M. and Perna, Andrea and Adrian, Rita and Cermeno, Pedro and Gaedke, Ursula and Huete-Ortega, Maria and White, Ethan P. and Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel}, title = {Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @article{SrokaGodunkoRutschmannetal.2019, author = {Sroka, Pavel and Godunko, Roman J. and Rutschmann, Sereina and Angeli, Kamila B. and Salles, Frederico F. and Gattolliat, Jean-Luc}, title = {A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)}, series = {Zoosytematics and evolution}, volume = {95}, journal = {Zoosytematics and evolution}, number = {1}, publisher = {Pensoft Publ.}, address = {Sofia}, issn = {1860-0743}, doi = {10.3897/zse.95.29487}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch \& Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum.}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelHeuerMilonni2019, author = {Menzel, Ralf and Heuer, Axel and Milonni, Peter W.}, title = {Entanglement, Complementarity, and Vacuum Fields in Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion}, series = {Atoms}, volume = {7}, journal = {Atoms}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2218-2004}, doi = {10.3390/atoms7010027}, pages = {14}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Using two crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a parallel setup, we observe two-photon interference with high visibility. The high visibility is consistent with complementarity and the absence of which-path information. The observations are explained as the effects of entanglement or equivalently in terms of interfering probability amplitudes and also by the calculation of a second-order field correlation function in the Heisenberg picture. The latter approach brings out explicitly the role of the vacuum fields in the down-conversion at the crystals and in the photon coincidence counting. For comparison, we show that the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip can be explained by the same approach in which the role of the vacuum signal and idler fields, as opposed to entanglement involving vacuum states, is emphasized. We discuss the fundamental limitations of a theory in which these vacuum fields are treated as classical, stochastic fields.}, language = {en} } @article{ThapaLukatSelhuberUnkeletal.2019, author = {Thapa, Samudrajit and Lukat, Nils and Selhuber-Unkel, Christine and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Transient superdiffusion of polydisperse vacuoles in highly motile amoeboid cells}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {150}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {14}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.5086269}, pages = {18}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We perform a detailed statistical analysis of diffusive trajectories of membrane-enclosed vesicles (vacuoles) in the supercrowded cytoplasm of living Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. From the vacuole traces recorded in the center-of-area frame of moving amoebae, we examine the statistics of the time-averaged mean-squared displacements of vacuoles, their generalized diffusion coefficients and anomalous scaling exponents, the ergodicity breaking parameter, the non-Gaussian features of displacement distributions of vacuoles, the displacement autocorrelation function, as well as the distributions of speeds and positions of vacuoles inside the amoeba cells. Our findings deliver novel insights into the internal dynamics of cellular structures in these infectious pathogens. Published under license by AIP Publishing.}, language = {en} } @article{SchneiderHoffmannMuenkeretal.2019, author = {Schneider, K. P. and Hoffmann, J. E. and M{\"u}nker, C. and Patyniak, Magda and Sprung, P. and Roerdink, D. and Garbe-Sch{\"o}nberg, D. and Kr{\"o}ner, A.}, title = {Petrogenetic evolution of metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower Onverwacht Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa)}, series = {Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry}, volume = {511}, journal = {Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0009-2541}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.02.020}, pages = {152 -- 177}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A well-preserved sequence, by Archean standards, of mantle-derived metabasalts and metakomatiites forms large parts of the lower Onverwacht Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa). To elucidate the origin of mafic and ultramafic rocks from this 3.55 to 3.45 Ga sequence, we present a comprehensive geochemical dataset including major and trace elements as well as Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope compositions for a variety of metavolcanic rocks. These include metabasalts of the amphibolite-facies Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations as well as metabasalts and metakomatiites of the lower greenschist-facies Komati Formation. Based on their incompatible trace element patterns, the basalts of the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations can be subdivided into a light rare earth element (LREE) depleted group, a LREE-undepleted group, and a LREE-enriched group. Positive epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values of ca. +3 to +4 and 0 to +2, respectively, together with depletions in Th and La-CN/Yb-CN indicate derivation of the LREE-depleted basalts from a depleted mantle source. However, chondritic epsilon Hf-(t) and epsilon Nd-(t) values combined with positive Th and La-CN/Yb-CN of the LREE-enriched samples indicate a contribution from older granitoid crust in the petrogenesis of these samples. Trace element patterns of komatiites and basalts of the Komati Formation are generally flat relative to primitive mantle with slight depletions in heavy rare earth elements and Th and overall positive epsilon Hf-(t) of + 2.5 +/- 3.5 (2 s.d.) and epsilon Nd-(t) of + 0.5 +/- 2.2 (2 s. d.). The coherence in trace element characteristics suggests a common magmatic origin for basalts and komatiites. This study reveals that the two lavas were derived from the same mantle plume, i. e. komatiites were formed by high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source containing residual garnet and the basalts were formed by moderate degrees of partial melting in shallower regions of the mantle. Based on the current dataset, combined with published data, we propose a geodynamic model for the oldest units of the Barberton Greenstone Belt that describes the development from a submerged continental setting (for the Sandspruit and Theespruit Formations) to a submarine plateau setting (for the Komati Formation) as a consequence of continental rifting.}, language = {en} } @article{SaretiaMachatschekSchulzetal.2019, author = {Saretia, Shivam and Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel and Schulz, Burkhard and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Reversible 2D networks of oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) at the air-water interface}, series = {Biomedical Materials}, volume = {14}, journal = {Biomedical Materials}, number = {3}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1748-6041}, doi = {10.1088/1748-605X/ab0cef}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Hydroxyl terminated oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) monolayers were reversibly cross-linked forming two dimensional networks (2D) at the air-water interface. The equilibrium reaction with glyoxal as the cross-linker is pH-sensitive. Pronounced contraction in the area of the prepared 2DOCL films in dependence of surface pressure and time revealed the process of the reaction. Cross-linking inhibited crystallization and retarded enzymatic degradation of the OCLfilm. Altering the subphase pH led to a cleavage of the covalent acetal cross-links. The reversibility of the covalent acetal cross-links was proved by observing an identical isotherm as non-cross-linked sample. Besides as model systems, these customizable reversible OCL2D networks are intended for use as pHresponsive drug delivery systems or functionalized cell culture substrates.}, language = {en} } @article{KoelmanPivovarovaRamichPfeifferetal.2019, author = {Koelman, Liselot A. and Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Grune, Tilman and Aleksandrova, Krasimira}, title = {Cytokines for evaluation of chronic inflammatory status in ageing research}, series = {Immunity \& Ageing}, volume = {16}, journal = {Immunity \& Ageing}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {1742-4933}, doi = {10.1186/s12979-019-0151-1}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Background: There is a growing interest in the role of inflammageing for chronic disease development. Cytokines are potent soluble immune mediators that can be used as target biomarkers of inflammageing; however, their measurement in human samples has been challenging. This study aimed to assess the reliability of a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine panel in a sample of healthy people measured with a novel electrochemiluminescent multiplex immunoassay platform (Meso Scale Discovery, MSD), and to characterize their associations with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes.}, language = {en} } @article{Soemer2019, author = {Soemer, Alexander}, title = {Task-unrelated thoughts and forgetting in working memory}, series = {Journal of memory and language}, volume = {106}, journal = {Journal of memory and language}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0749-596X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jml.2019.03.004}, pages = {118 -- 134}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The present article reports four experiments that investigated the effects of task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) on forgetting in non-verbal working memory. Participants had to remember three non-verbal stimuli over unfilled retention intervals (RIs) and then judge whether or not a subsequently presented probe stimulus matched one of the to-be-remembered stimuli. Participants additionally responded to randomly appearing probes that measured different aspects of their TUT engagement during the RI of the preceding trial. Forgetting over unfilled RIs was observed in three of four experiments and reliably associated with the proportion of time spent on TUTs. In contrast, the visual and auditory nature of the TUTs and the number of different TUTs did not reliably predict forgetting. The results support the view that TUTs block attention-based processes that are needed for restoring decaying memory representations rather than an alternative account in terms of interference caused by the content of the TUTs.}, language = {en} } @article{VolkertKiesswetterCederholmetal.2019, author = {Volkert, Dorothee and Kiesswetter, Eva and Cederholm, Tommy and Donini, Lorenzo M. and Egiseer, Doris and Norman, Kristina and Schneider, Stephane M. and Stroebele-Benschop, Nanette and Torbahn, Gabriel and Wirth, Rainer and Visser, Marjolein}, title = {Development of a Model on Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons}, series = {Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine}, volume = {5}, journal = {Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {2333-7214}, doi = {10.1177/2333721419858438}, pages = {8}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In older persons, the origin of malnutrition is often multifactorial with a multitude of factors involved. Presently, a common understanding about potential causes and their mode of action is lacking, and a consensus on the theoretical framework on the etiology of malnutrition does not exist. Within the European Knowledge Hub "Malnutrition in the Elderly (MaNuEL)," a model of "Determinants of Malnutrition in Aged Persons" (DoMAP) was developed in a multistage consensus process with live meetings and written feedback (modified Delphi process) by a multiprofessional group of 33 experts in geriatric nutrition. DoMAP consists of three triangle-shaped levels with malnutrition in the center, surrounded by the three principal conditions through which malnutrition develops in the innermost level: low intake, high requirements, and impaired nutrient bioavailability. The middle level consists of factors directly causing one of these conditions, and the outermost level contains factors indirectly causing one of the three conditions through the direct factors. The DoMAP model may contribute to a common understanding about the multitude of factors involved in the etiology of malnutrition, and about potential causative mechanisms. It may serve as basis for future research and may also be helpful in clinical routine to identify persons at increased risk of malnutrition.}, language = {en} } @article{GreeneThirumalaiKearneyetal.2019, author = {Greene, Chad A. and Thirumalai, Kaustubh and Kearney, Kelly A. and Delgado, Jose Miguel Martins and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Wolfenbarger, Natalie S. and Thyng, Kristen M. and Gwyther, David E. and Gardner, Alex S. and Blankenship, Donald D.}, title = {The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB}, series = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, volume = {20}, journal = {Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1525-2027}, doi = {10.1029/2019GC008392}, pages = {3774 -- 3781}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Climate science is highly interdisciplinary by nature, so understanding interactions between Earth processes inherently warrants the use of analytical software that can operate across the disciplines of Earth science. Toward this end, we present the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB, which contains more than 100 functions that span the major climate-related disciplines of Earth science. The toolbox enables streamlined, entirely scriptable workflows that are intuitive to write and easy to share. Included are functions to evaluate uncertainty, perform matrix operations, calculate climate indices, and generate common data displays. Documentation is presented pedagogically, with thorough explanations of how each function works and tutorials showing how the toolbox can be used to replicate results of published studies. As a well-tested, well-documented platform for interdisciplinary collaborations, the Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB aims to reduce time spent writing low-level code, let researchers focus on physics rather than coding and encourage more efficacious code sharing. Plain Language Summary This article describes a collection of computer code that has recently been released to help scientists analyze many types of Earth science data. The code in this toolbox makes it easy to investigate things like global warming, El Nino, or other major climate-related processes such as how winds affect ocean circulation. Although the toolbox was designed to be used by expert climate scientists, its instruction manual is well written, and beginners may be able to learn a great deal about coding and Earth science, simply by following along with the provided examples. The toolbox is intended to help scientists save time, help them ensure their analysis is accurate, and make it easy for other scientists to repeat the results of previous studies.}, language = {en} }