@phdthesis{Schmidt2016, author = {Schmidt, Peter}, title = {Contributions to EU regional policy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90837}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 137}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation contains four self-contained articles which are related to EU regional policy and its structural funds as the overall research topic. In particular, the thesis addresses the question if EU regional policy interventions can at all be scientifically justified and legitimated on theoretical and empirical grounds from an economics point of view. The first two articles of the thesis ("The EU structural funds as a means to hamper migration" and "Internal migration and EU regional policy transfer payments: a panel data analysis for 28 EU member countries") enter into one particular aspect of the debate regarding the justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. They theoretically and empirically analyse as to whether regional policy or the market force of the free flow of labour (migration) in the internal European market is the better instrument to improve and harmonise the living and working conditions of EU citizens. Based on neoclassical market failure theory, the first paper argues that the structural funds of the EU are inhibiting internal migration, which is one of the key measures in achieving convergence among the nations in the single European market. It becomes clear that European regional policy aiming at economic growth and cohesion among the member states cannot be justified and legitimated if the structural funds hamper instead of promote migration. The second paper, however, shows that the empirical evidence on the migration and regional policy nexus is not unambiguous, i.e. different empirical investigations show that EU structural funds hamper and promote EU internal migration. Hence, the question of the scientific justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy cannot be readily and unambiguously answered on empirical grounds. This finding is unsatisfying but is in line with previous theoretical and empirical literature. That is why, I take a step back and reconsider the theoretical beginnings of the thesis, which took for granted neoclassical market failure theory as the starting point for the positive explanation as well as the normative justification and legitimisation of EU regional policy. The third article of the thesis ("EU regional policy: theoretical foundations and policy conclusions revisited") deals with the theoretical explanation and legitimisation of EU regional policy as well as the policy recommendations given to EU regional policymakers deduced from neoclassical market failure theory. The article elucidates that neoclassical market failure is a normative concept, which justifies and legitimates EU regional policy based on a political and thus subjective goal or value-judgement. It can neither be used, therefore, to give a scientifically positive explanation of the structural funds nor to obtain objective and practically applicable policy instruments. Given this critique of neoclassical market failure theory, the third paper consequently calls into question the widely prevalent explanation and justification of EU regional policy given in static neoclassical equilibrium economics. It argues that an evolutionary non-equilibrium economics perspective on EU regional policy is much more appropriate to provide a realistic understanding of one of the largest policies conducted by the EU. However, this does neither mean that evolutionary economic theory can be unreservedly seen as the panacea to positively explain EU regional policy nor to derive objective policy instruments for EU regional policymakers. This issue is discussed in the fourth article of the thesis ("Market failure vs. system failure as a rationale for economic policy? A critique from an evolutionary perspective"). This article reconsiders the explanation of economic policy from an evolutionary economics perspective. It contrasts the neoclassical equilibrium notions of market and government failure with the dominant evolutionary neo-Schumpeterian and Austrian-Hayekian perceptions. Based on this comparison, the paper criticises the fact that neoclassical failure reasoning still prevails in non-equilibrium evolutionary economics when economic policy issues are examined. This is surprising, since proponents of evolutionary economics usually view their approach as incompatible with its neoclassical counterpart. The paper therefore argues that in order to prevent the otherwise fruitful and more realistic evolutionary approach from undermining its own criticism of neoclassical economics and to create a consistent as well as objective evolutionary policy framework, it is necessary to eliminate the equilibrium spirit. Taken together, the main finding of this thesis is that European regional policy and its structural funds can neither theoretically nor empirically be justified and legitimated from an economics point of view. Moreover, the thesis finds that the prevalent positive and instrumental explanation of EU regional policy given in the literature needs to be reconsidered, because these theories can neither scientifically explain the emergence and development of this policy nor are they appropriate to derive objective and scientific policy instruments for EU regional policymakers.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{BlanchardKraemer2016, author = {Blanchard, Gilles and Kr{\"a}mer, Nicole}, title = {Convergence rates of kernel conjugate gradient for random design regression}, volume = {5}, number = {8}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2193-6943}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94195}, pages = {31}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We prove statistical rates of convergence for kernel-based least squares regression from i.i.d. data using a conjugate gradient algorithm, where regularization against overfitting is obtained by early stopping. This method is related to Kernel Partial Least Squares, a regression method that combines supervised dimensionality reduction with least squares projection. Following the setting introduced in earlier related literature, we study so-called "fast convergence rates" depending on the regularity of the target regression function (measured by a source condition in terms of the kernel integral operator) and on the effective dimensionality of the data mapped into the kernel space. We obtain upper bounds, essentially matching known minimax lower bounds, for the L^2 (prediction) norm as well as for the stronger Hilbert norm, if the true regression function belongs to the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. If the latter assumption is not fulfilled, we obtain similar convergence rates for appropriate norms, provided additional unlabeled data are available.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{RoellyVallois2016, author = {Roelly, Sylvie and Vallois, Pierre}, title = {Convoluted Brownian motion}, volume = {5}, number = {9}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2193-6943}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-96339}, pages = {37}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In this paper we analyse semimartingale properties of a class of Gaussian periodic processes, called convoluted Brownian motions, obtained by convolution between a deterministic function and a Brownian motion. A classical example in this class is the periodic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We compute their characteristics and show that in general, they are neither Markovian nor satisfy a time-Markov field property. Nevertheless, by enlargement of filtration and/or addition of a one-dimensional component, one can in some case recover the Markovianity. We treat exhaustively the case of the bidimensional trigonometric convoluted Brownian motion and the higher-dimensional monomial convoluted Brownian motion.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schroen2016, author = {Schr{\"o}n, Martin}, title = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing and its applications to soil and land surface hydrology}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Hut GmbH}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-8439-3139-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395433}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {223}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Water scarcity, adaption on climate change, and risk assessment of droughts and floods are critical topics for science and society these days. Monitoring and modeling of the hydrological cycle are a prerequisite to understand and predict the consequences for weather and agriculture. As soil water storage plays a key role for partitioning of water fluxes between the atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere, measurement techniques are required to estimate soil moisture states from small to large scales. The method of cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) promises to close the gap between point-scale and remote-sensing observations, as its footprint was reported to be 30 ha. However, the methodology is rather young and requires highly interdisciplinary research to understand and interpret the response of neutrons to soil moisture. In this work, the signal of nine detectors has been systematically compared, and correction approaches have been revised to account for meteorological and geomagnetic variations. Neutron transport simulations have been consulted to precisely characterize the sensitive footprint area, which turned out to be 6--18 ha, highly local, and temporally dynamic. These results have been experimentally confirmed by the significant influence of water bodies and dry roads. Furthermore, mobile measurements on agricultural fields and across different land use types were able to accurately capture the various soil moisture states. It has been further demonstrated that the corresponding spatial and temporal neutron data can be beneficial for mesoscale hydrological modeling. Finally, first tests with a gyrocopter have proven the concept of airborne neutron sensing, where increased footprints are able to overcome local effects. This dissertation not only bridges the gap between scales of soil moisture measurements. It also establishes a close connection between the two worlds of observers and modelers, and further aims to combine the disciplines of particle physics, geophysics, and soil hydrology to thoroughly explore the potential and limits of the CRNS method.}, language = {en} } @misc{CajarSchneeweissEngelbertetal.2016, author = {Cajar, Anke and Schneeweiß, Paul and Engelbert, Ralf and Laubrock, Jochen}, title = {Coupling of attention and saccades when viewing scenes with central and peripheral degradation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394918}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Degrading real-world scenes in the central or the peripheral visual field yields a characteristic pattern: Mean saccade amplitudes increase with central and decrease with peripheral degradation. Does this pattern reflect corresponding modulations of selective attention? If so, the observed saccade amplitude pattern should reflect more focused attention in the central region with peripheral degradation and an attentional bias toward the periphery with central degradation. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured the detectability of peripheral (Experiment 1) or central targets (Experiment 2) during scene viewing when low or high spatial frequencies were gaze-contingently filtered in the central or the peripheral visual field. Relative to an unfiltered control condition, peripheral filtering induced a decrease of the detection probability for peripheral but not for central targets (tunnel vision). Central filtering decreased the detectability of central but not of peripheral targets. Additional post hoc analyses are compatible with the interpretation that saccade amplitudes and direction are computed in partial independence. Our experimental results indicate that task-induced modulations of saccade amplitudes reflect attentional modulations.}, language = {en} } @misc{deCarvalhoMetzlerCherstvy2016, author = {de Carvalho, Sidney J. and Metzler, Ralf and Cherstvy, Andrey G.}, title = {Critical adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto planar and convex highly charged surfaces}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100295}, pages = {17}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We study the adsorption-desorption transition of polyelectrolyte chains onto planar, cylindrical and spherical surfaces with arbitrarily high surface charge densities by massive Monte Carlo computer simulations. We examine in detail how the well known scaling relations for the threshold transition—demarcating the adsorbed and desorbed domains of a polyelectrolyte near weakly charged surfaces—are altered for highly charged interfaces. In virtue of high surface potentials and large surface charge densities, the Debye-H{\"u}ckel approximation is often not feasible and the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann approach should be implemented. At low salt conditions, for instance, the electrostatic potential from the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation is smaller than the Debye-H{\"u}ckel result, such that the required critical surface charge density for polyelectrolyte adsorption σc increases. The nonlinear relation between the surface charge density and electrostatic potential leads to a sharply increasing critical surface charge density with growing ionic strength, imposing an additional limit to the critical salt concentration above which no polyelectrolyte adsorption occurs at all. We contrast our simulations findings with the known scaling results for weak critical polyelectrolyte adsorption onto oppositely charged surfaces for the three standard geometries. Finally, we discuss some applications of our results for some physical-chemical and biophysical systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{ComberMooneyPurvesetal.2016, author = {Comber, Alexis and Mooney, Peter and Purves, Ross S. and Rocchini, Duccio and Walz, Ariane}, title = {Crowdsourcing: it matters who the crowd are}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {539}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41089}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410894}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Volunteered geographical information (VGI) and citizen science have become important sources data for much scientific research. In the domain of land cover, crowdsourcing can provide a high temporal resolution data to support different analyses of landscape processes. However, the scientists may have little control over what gets recorded by the crowd, providing a potential source of error and uncertainty. This study compared analyses of crowdsourced land cover data that were contributed by different groups, based on nationality (labelled Gondor and Non-Gondor) and on domain experience (labelled Expert and Non-Expert). The analyses used a geographically weighted model to generate maps of land cover and compared the maps generated by the different groups. The results highlight the differences between the maps how specific land cover classes were under-and over-estimated. As crowdsourced data and citizen science are increasingly used to replace data collected under the designed experiment, this paper highlights the importance of considering between group variations and their impacts on the results of analyses. Critically, differences in the way that landscape features are conceptualised by different groups of contributors need to be considered when using crowdsourced data in formal scientific analyses. The discussion considers the potential for variation in crowdsourced data, the relativist nature of land cover and suggests a number of areas for future research. The key finding is that the veracity of citizen science data is not the critical issue per se. Rather, it is important to consider the impacts of differences in the semantics, affordances and functions associated with landscape features held by different groups of crowdsourced data contributors.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchildeKellingUmbreenetal.2016, author = {Schilde, Uwe and Kelling, Alexandra and Umbreen, Sumaira and Linker, Torsten}, title = {Crystal structures of three bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100833}, pages = {6}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The title compounds, [(1R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-bis­(acet­yloxy)-7-oxo-2-oxabi­cyclo[4.2.0]octan-3-yl]methyl acetate, C14H18O8, (I), [(1S,4R,5S,6R)-5-acet­yloxy-7-hy­droxy­imino-2-oxobi­cyclo­[4.2.0]octan-4-yl acetate, C11H15NO6, (II), and [(3aR,5R,6R,7R,7aS)-6,7-bis­(acet­yloxy)-2-oxo­octa­hydro­pyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5-yl]methyl acetate, C14H19NO8, (III), are stable bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives. They can easily be synthesized in a few steps from commercially available glycals. As a result of the ring strain from the four-membered rings in (I) and (II), the conformations of the carbohydrates deviate strongly from the ideal chair form. Compound (II) occurs in the boat form. In the five-membered lactam (III), on the other hand, the carbohydrate adopts an almost ideal chair conformation. As a result of the distortion of the sugar rings, the configurations of the three bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives could not be determined from their NMR coupling constants. From our three crystal structure determinations, we were able to establish for the first time the absolute configurations of all new stereocenters of the carbohydrate rings.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmidtSachseWalz2016, author = {Schmidt, Katja and Sachse, Ren{\´e} and Walz, Ariane}, title = {Current role of social benefits in ecosystem service assessments}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {915}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44202}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442024}, pages = {49 -- 64}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Ecosystem services have a significant impact on human wellbeing. While ecosystem services are frequently represented by monetary values, social values and underlying social benefits remain under explored. The purpose of this study is to assess whether and how social benefits have been explicitly addressed within socio-economic and socio-cultural ecosystem services research, ultimately allowing a better understanding between ecosystem services and human well-being. In this paper, we reviewed 115 international primary valuation studies and tested four hypotheses associated to the identification of social benefits of ecosystem services using logistic regressions. Tested hypotheses were that (1) social benefits are mostly derived in studies that assess cultural ecosystem services as opposed to other ecosystem service types, (2) there is a pattern of social benefits and certain cultural ecosystem services assessed simultaneously, (3) monetary valuation techniques go beyond expressing monetary values and convey social benefits, and (4) directly addressing stakeholder's views the consideration of social benefits in ecosystem service assessments. Our analysis revealed that (1) a variety of social benefits are valued in studies that assess either of the four ecosystem service types, (2) certain social benefits are likely to co-occur in combination with certain cultural ecosystem services, (3) of the studies that employed monetary valuation techniques, simulated market approaches overlapped most frequently with the assessment of social benefits and (4) studies that directly incorporate stakeholder's views were more likely to also assess social benefits. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{PrahlRybskiBoettleetal.2016, author = {Prahl, Boris F. and Rybski, Diego and Boettle, Markus and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Damage functions for climate-related hazards}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {534}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41018}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410184}, pages = {15}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Most climate change impacts manifest in the form of natural hazards. Damage assessment typically relies on damage functions that translate the magnitude of extreme events to a quantifiable damage. In practice, the availability of damage functions is limited due to a lack of data sources and a lack of understanding of damage processes. The study of the characteristics of damage functions for different hazards could strengthen the theoretical foundation of damage functions and support their development and validation. Accordingly, we investigate analogies of damage functions for coastal flooding and for wind storms and identify a unified approach. This approach has general applicability for granular portfolios and may also be applied, for example, to heat-related mortality. Moreover, the unification enables the transfer of methodology between hazards and a consistent treatment of uncertainty. This is demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis on the basis of two simple case studies (for coastal flood and storm damage). The analysis reveals the relevance of the various uncertainty sources at varying hazard magnitude and on both the microscale and the macroscale level. Main findings are the dominance of uncertainty from the hazard magnitude and the persistent behaviour of intrinsic uncertainties on both scale levels. Our results shed light on the general role of uncertainties and provide useful insight for the application of the unified approach.}, language = {en} } @misc{Walter2016, author = {Walter, Simon}, title = {Dan Diner: Rituelle Distanz. Israels deutsche Frage / rezensiert von Simon Walter}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, volume = {22}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-370-1}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99916}, pages = {255 -- 259}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Dan Diner: Rituelle Distanz. Israels deutsche Frage, M{\"u}nchen: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt 2015. 176 S.}, language = {de} } @article{Faerber2016, author = {F{\"a}rber, Christina}, title = {Das gestorbene Ich}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, volume = {1}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92642}, pages = {201 -- 213}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @article{Efimova2016, author = {Efimova, Svetlana}, title = {Das Notizbuch als „literarisches Faktum"}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 2}, volume = {2}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-359-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92978}, pages = {59 -- 71}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ittner2016, author = {Ittner, Helmut}, title = {Das Widerspenstige b{\"a}ndigen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395066}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {365}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Dem Handeln von Lehrkr{\"a}ften wird in der schulischen Praxis wie in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur ein wesentlicher Einfluss auf die Qualit{\"a}t von schulischem Unterricht zugesprochen. Auch wenn umfangreiche normative Vorstellungen {\"u}ber ein gutes Lehr-Handeln bestehen, so gibt es wenig Erkenntnis dar{\"u}ber, welche Gr{\"u}nde Lehrkr{\"a}fte f{\"u}r ihr p{\"a}dagogisches Handeln haben. Das Handeln von Lehrkr{\"a}ften kann nur dann ad{\"a}quat erfasst werden, wenn Bildung einerseits als Weitergabe von Kultur an die nachfolgende Generation und andererseits als eine vom sich bildenden Subjekt ausgehende Selbst- und Weltverst{\"a}ndigung verstanden wird. Damit einhergehende Anforderungen an die Lehrkraft stehen notwendigerweise in Widerspruch zueinander; dies gilt besonders f{\"u}r eine Gesellschaft mit großer kultureller und sozialer Heterogenit{\"a}t. Bei der Suche nach Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen Pers{\"o}nlichkeit, p{\"a}dagogischem Wissen oder Kompetenzen und einem unterrichtlichen Handeln wird h{\"a}ufig von einer Bedingtheit dieses Handelns ausgegangen und dieses auf kognitive Aspekte und an externen Normen orientierte Merkmale verk{\"u}rzt. Ertragreicher f{\"u}r eine Antwort auf die Frage nach den Begr{\"u}ndungen sind wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, die Professionalit{\"a}t als eine Bezugnahme auf einen besonderen strukturellen Rahmen beschreiben, der durch Widerspr{\"u}che gepr{\"a}gt ist und Entscheidungen zu den Spannungsfeldern p{\"a}dagogischer Verh{\"a}ltnisse erfordert. Die subjektwissenschaftliche Lerntheorie bietet eine Basis f{\"u}r ein Verst{\"a}ndnis eines Lernens in institutionellen Kontexten ausgehend von den Lerninteressen der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler. Lehren kann darauf bezugnehmend als Unterst{\"u}tzung von Selbst- und Weltverst{\"a}ndigungsprozessen durch Wertsch{\"a}tzung, Verstehen und Angebote alternativer Bedeutungshorizonte verstanden werden. Das Handeln von Lehrkr{\"a}ften ist als sinngebende Bezugnahme auf daraus resultierende sowie institutionelle Anforderungen mittels gesellschaftlicher Bedeutungsstrukturen verstehbar. Das handelnde Subjekt erschließt sich selbst und die Welt mit Hilfe von Bedeutungen. Diese k{\"o}nnen verstanden werden als der Besonderheit der Biographie, der gesellschaftlichen Position sowie der Lebenslage geschuldete Reinterpretationen gesellschaftlicher Bedeutungsstrukturen. Im empirischen Verfahren k{\"o}nnen mittels eines {\"U}bergangs von sequentiellen zu komparativen Analysen Positionierungen als thematisch spezifische und {\"u}ber die konkrete Handlungssituation hinausreichende Bedeutungs-Begr{\"u}ndungs-Zusammenh{\"a}nge rekonstruiert werden. Daraus werden situationsunabh{\"a}ngige Strukturmomente des Gegenstands Lehren an beruflichen Schulen aber auch komplexe, situationsbezogene subjektive Bedeutungs-Begr{\"u}ndungs-Muster abgeleitet. Als wesentliche strukturelle Merkmale lassen sich die Schl{\"u}sselkategorien ‚Deutungsmacht' und ‚instrumentelle p{\"a}dagogische Beziehung' aus dem empirischen Material unter Zuhilfenahme weiterer theoretischer Folien entwickeln. Da Deutungsmacht auf Akzeptanz angewiesen ist und in instrumentellen Beziehungen eine kooperative Bezugnahme auf den Lehr-Lern-Gegenstand allenfalls punktuell erfolgt, k{\"o}nnen damit asymmetrische metastabile Arrangements zwischen einer Lehrkraft und Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern verstanden werden. Als empirische Auspr{\"a}gungen weist Deutungsmacht die Varianten ‚absoluter Anspruch', ‚Akzeptanz der Fragilit{\"a}t' und ‚Akzeptanz der Legitimit{\"a}t eines Infragestellens' auf. Bei der zweiten Schl{\"u}sselkategorie treten die Varianten ‚strukturelle Pr{\"a}gung', ‚unspezifischer allgemein-menschlicher Charakter' und ‚Außenpr{\"a}gung' der instrumentellen p{\"a}dagogischen Beziehung auf. Die Bedeutungs-Begr{\"u}ndungs-Musters weisen teilweise Inkonsistenzen und {\"U}berg{\"a}nge in den Positionierungen bezogen auf die dargestellten Varianten auf. Nur bei einem Teil der Muster sind Bem{\"u}hungen um Wertsch{\"a}tzung und Verstehen der Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler plausibel ableitbar, gleiches gilt in Hinblick auf eine Offenheit f{\"u}r eine Revision der Muster. Die Muster, wie etwa ‚Durchsetzend-ertragendes Nachsteuern', ‚Direktiv-personalisierendes Praktizieren' oder ‚Regulierend-flexibles Managen' sind zu verstehen als Bew{\"a}ltigungsmodi der kontingenten p{\"a}dagogischen (Konflikt-)Situationen, auf die sich die Fallschilderungen beziehen. Die jeweilige Lehrkraft hat dieses Muster in dem beschriebenen Fall genutzt, was allerdings keine Aussage dar{\"u}ber zul{\"a}sst, auf welche Muster die Lehrkraft in anderen F{\"a}llen zugreifen w{\"u}rde. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit eignen sich als eine heuristische bzw. theoretische Folie, die Lehrkr{\"a}fte beim Erschließen ihres eigenen p{\"a}dagogischen Handelns - etwa in einer als Fallberatung konzipierten Fortbildung - unterst{\"u}tzen kann. M{\"o}glich sind Anschl{\"u}sse an andere theoretische Ans{\"a}tze zum Handeln von Lehrkr{\"a}ften aber auch deren ver{\"a}nderte Einordnung. Erweitert werden die Optionen, dieses Handeln {\"u}ber wissenschaftliche Zug{\"a}nge zu erfassen.}, language = {de} } @article{DennertMoellerGarmann2016, author = {Dennert-M{\"o}ller, Elisabeth and Garmann, Robert}, title = {Das „Startprojekt"}, series = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae (CID)}, journal = {Commentarii informaticae didacticae (CID)}, number = {10}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-376-3}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94780}, pages = {11 -- 23}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Absolventinnen und Absolventen unserer Informatik-Bachelorstudieng{\"a}nge ben{\"o}tigen f{\"u}r kompetentes berufliches Handeln sowohl fachliche als auch {\"u}berfachliche Kompetenzen. Vielfach verlangen wir von Erstsemestern in Grundlagen-Lehrveranstaltungen fast ausschließlich den Aufbau von Fachkompetenz und vernachl{\"a}ssigen dabei h{\"a}ufig Selbstkompetenz, Methodenkompetenz und Sozialkompetenz. Gerade die drei letztgenannten sind f{\"u}r ein erfolgreiches Studium unabdingbar und sollten von Anfang an entwickelt werden. Wir stellen unser „Startprojekt" als einen Beitrag vor, im ersten Semester die eigenverantwortliche, {\"u}berfachliche Kompetenzentwicklung in einem fachlichen Kontext zu f{\"o}rdern.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Berner2016, author = {Berner, Nadine}, title = {Deciphering multiple changes in complex climate time series using Bayesian inference}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100065}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xvi, 135}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Change points in time series are perceived as heterogeneities in the statistical or dynamical characteristics of the observations. Unraveling such transitions yields essential information for the understanding of the observed system's intrinsic evolution and potential external influences. A precise detection of multiple changes is therefore of great importance for various research disciplines, such as environmental sciences, bioinformatics and economics. The primary purpose of the detection approach introduced in this thesis is the investigation of transitions underlying direct or indirect climate observations. In order to develop a diagnostic approach capable to capture such a variety of natural processes, the generic statistical features in terms of central tendency and dispersion are employed in the light of Bayesian inversion. In contrast to established Bayesian approaches to multiple changes, the generic approach proposed in this thesis is not formulated in the framework of specialized partition models of high dimensionality requiring prior specification, but as a robust kernel-based approach of low dimensionality employing least informative prior distributions. First of all, a local Bayesian inversion approach is developed to robustly infer on the location and the generic patterns of a single transition. The analysis of synthetic time series comprising changes of different observational evidence, data loss and outliers validates the performance, consistency and sensitivity of the inference algorithm. To systematically investigate time series for multiple changes, the Bayesian inversion is extended to a kernel-based inference approach. By introducing basic kernel measures, the weighted kernel inference results are composed into a proxy probability to a posterior distribution of multiple transitions. The detection approach is applied to environmental time series from the Nile river in Aswan and the weather station Tuscaloosa, Alabama comprising documented changes. The method's performance confirms the approach as a powerful diagnostic tool to decipher multiple changes underlying direct climate observations. Finally, the kernel-based Bayesian inference approach is used to investigate a set of complex terrigenous dust records interpreted as climate indicators of the African region of the Plio-Pleistocene period. A detailed inference unravels multiple transitions underlying the indirect climate observations, that are interpreted as conjoint changes. The identified conjoint changes coincide with established global climate events. In particular, the two-step transition associated to the establishment of the modern Walker-Circulation contributes to the current discussion about the influence of paleoclimate changes on the environmental conditions in tropical and subtropical Africa at around two million years ago.}, language = {en} } @misc{LangerwischWalzRammigetal.2016, author = {Langerwisch, Fanny and Walz, Ariane and Rammig, Anja and Tietjen, Britta and Thonicke, Kirsten and Cramer, Wolfgang}, title = {Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {535}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41022}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410225}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it depend on temperature, atmospheric CO2, terrestrial productivity and carbon storage, as well as discharge. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. The coupled LPJmL and RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. We find that high deforestation (business-as-usual scenario) will strongly decrease (locally by up to 90 \%) riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon amount until the end of the current century. At the same time, increase in discharge leaves net carbon transport during the first decades of the century roughly unchanged only if a sufficient area is still forested. After 2050 the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to that, increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration determine the amount of riverine inorganic carbon stored in the Amazon basin. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase riverine inorganic carbon amount by up to 20\% (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on carbon export, either to the atmosphere via outgassing or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. The outgassed carbon will increase slightly in the Amazon basin, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60\% due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40\% under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. These changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself as well as in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.}, language = {en} } @misc{FrielerMengelLevermann2016, author = {Frieler, Katja and Mengel, Matthias and Levermann, Anders}, title = {Delaying future sea-level rise by storing water in Antarctica}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {533}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41023}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410234}, pages = {8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Even if greenhouse gas emissions were stopped today, sea level would continue to rise for centuries, with the long-term sea-level commitment of a 2 degrees C warmer world significantly exceeding 2 m. In view of the potential implications for coastal populations and ecosystems worldwide, we investigate, from an ice-dynamic perspective, the possibility of delaying sea-level rise by pumping ocean water onto the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet. We find that due to wave propagation ice is discharged much faster back into the ocean than would be expected from a pure advection with surface velocities. The delay time depends strongly on the distance from the coastline at which the additional mass is placed and less strongly on the rate of sea-level rise that is mitigated. A millennium-scale storage of at least 80\% of the additional ice requires placing it at a distance of at least 700 km from the coastline. The pumping energy required to elevate the potential energy of ocean water to mitigate the currently observed 3 mmyr(-1) will exceed 7\% of the current global primary energy supply. At the same time, the approach offers a comprehensive protection for entire coastlines particularly including regions that cannot be protected by dikes.}, language = {en} } @book{Brekhov2016, author = {Brekhov, Boryslav}, title = {Demokratischer Wirtschaftsfrieden}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-380-0}, issn = {2197-8069}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94726}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Diese empirische Studie untersucht den Einfluss der Staatsform auf den Einsatz und das Ausmaß von Wirtschaftssanktionen unter Verwendung von Regressionsanalysen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf ein friedliches Wirtschaftsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen den Demokratien hin. Die bisherige Forschung hat den demokratischen Wirtschaftsfrieden mithilfe der institutionellen Theorie erkl{\"a}rt, die das Sanktionsverhalten auf ein rationalistisches Kosten-Nutzen-Kalk{\"u}l zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrt. Demgegen{\"u}ber vertritt die konstruktivistische Theorie die Auffassung, dass die friedvollere Konfliktbew{\"a}ltigung unter Demokratien auf die Ausbildung einer gemeinsamen Identit{\"a}t, sowie auf gemeinsame Werte und Normen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sei.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{AmaroSeoane2016, author = {Amaro-Seoane, Pau}, title = {Dense stellar systems and massive black holes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95439}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {239}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Gravity dictates the structure of the whole Universe and, although it is triumphantly described by the theory of General Relativity, it is the force that we least understand in nature. One of the cardinal predictions of this theory are black holes. Massive, dark objects are found in the majority of galaxies. Our own galactic center very contains such an object with a mass of about four million solar masses. Are these objects supermassive black holes (SMBHs), or do we need alternatives? The answer lies in the event horizon, the characteristic that defines a black hole. The key to probe the horizon is to model the movement of stars around a SMBH, and the interactions between them, and look for deviations from real observations. Nuclear star clusters harboring a massive, dark object with a mass of up to ~ ten million solar masses are good testbeds to probe the event horizon of the potential SMBH with stars. The channel for interactions between stars and the central MBH are the fact that (a) compact stars and stellar-mass black holes can gradually inspiral into the SMBH due to the emission of gravitational radiation, which is known as an "Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral" (EMRI), and (b) stars can produce gases which will be accreted by the SMBH through normal stellar evolution, or by collisions and disruptions brought about by the strong central tidal field. Such processes can contribute significantly to the mass of the SMBH. These two processes involve different disciplines, which combined will provide us with detailed information about the fabric of space and time. In this habilitation I present nine articles of my recent work directly related with these topics.}, language = {en} }