@article{MittlerOstermeyerHeueretal.1997, author = {Mittler, Kay and Ostermeyer, Martin and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Longitudinal mode structure of Nd-lasers with phase conjugating mirrors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in different materials}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @book{HeuerHaenischOstermeyeretal.2002, author = {Heuer, Axel and H{\"a}nisch, Christoph and Ostermeyer, Martin and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Low Power Threshold Phase Conjugating Mirrors by SBS in Yb-doped Fiber Amplifiers}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerMenzel2000, author = {Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Low threshold SBS phase conjugation for quasi-cw laser systems}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerHaenischMenzel2003, author = {Heuer, Axel and H{\"a}nisch, Christoph and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Low-power phase conjugation based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber amplifiers}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Menzel2004, author = {Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Metrological Applications}, isbn = {3-540-20114-9}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{NiebuhrZinkJechowetal.2015, author = {Niebuhr, Mario and Zink, Christof and Jechow, Andreas and Heuer, Axel and Glebov, Leonid B. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Mode stabilization of a laterally structured broad area diode laser using an external volume Bragg grating}, series = {Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics}, volume = {23}, journal = {Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics}, number = {9}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1094-4087}, doi = {10.1364/OE.23.012394}, pages = {12394 -- 12400}, year = {2015}, abstract = {An external volume Bragg grating (VBG) is used for transverse and longitudinal mode stabilization of a broad area diode laser (BAL) with an on-chip transverse Bragg resonance (TBR) grating. The internal TBR grating defines a transverse low-loss mode at a specific propagation angle inside the BAL. Selection of the TBR mode was realized via the angular geometry of an external resonator assembly consisting of the TBR BAL and a feedback element. A feedback mirror provides near diffraction limited and spectral narrow output in the TBR mode albeit requiring an intricate alignment procedure. If feedback is provided via a VBG, adjustment proves to be far less critical and higher output powers were achieved. Moreover, additional modulation in the far field distribution became discernible allowing for a better study of the TBR concept. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{ZinkWernerJechowetal.2014, author = {Zink, Christof and Werner, Nils and Jechow, Andreas and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Multi-wavelength operation of a single broad area diode laser by spectral beam combining}, series = {IEEE photonics technology letters}, volume = {26}, journal = {IEEE photonics technology letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {1041-1135}, doi = {10.1109/LPT.2013.2291963}, pages = {253 -- 256}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Stabilized multi-wavelength emission from a single emitter broad area diode laser (BAL) is realized by utilizing an external cavity with a spectral beam combining architecture. Self-organized emitters that are equidistantly spaced across the slow axis are enforced by the spatially distributed wavelength selectivity of the external cavity. This resulted in an array like near-field emission although the BAL is physically a single emitter without any epitaxial sub-structuring and only one electrical contact. Each of the self-organized emitters is operated at a different wavelength and the emission is multiplexed into one spatial mode with near-diffraction limited beam quality. With this setup, multi-line emission of 31 individual spectral lines centered around and a total spectral width of 3.6 nm is realized with a 1000 mu m wide BAL just above threshold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a self-organization of emitters by optical feedback utilizing a spectral beam combining architecture.}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerSagahtiJechowetal.2012, author = {Heuer, Axel and Sagahti, A. and Jechow, Andreas and Skoczowsky, D. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Multi-wavelength, high spatial brightness operation of a phase-locked stripe-array diode laser}, series = {Laser physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Laser physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Pleiades Publ.}, address = {New York}, issn = {1054-660X}, doi = {10.1134/S1054660X12010057}, pages = {160 -- 164}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Stable continuous wave multi-wavelength operation of a stripe-array diode laser with an externalcavity spectral beam combining geometry is presented. In this setup each emitter of the stripe-array is forced to operate at a different wavelength, which leads to a decoupling between the usually phase-locked emitters. With a reflective diffraction grating with a period of 300 lines per mm, 33 equidistant laser lines around a center wavelength of 978 nm were realized, spanning a spectral range of 26 nm. With this novel approach near-diffraction limited emission with a beam quality of M (2) < 1.2 and an output power of 450 mW was achieved. This laser light source can be used for applications requiring low temporal but high spatial coherence.}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerLorenzMenzel1997, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Lorenz, Dieter and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Nd-laser oscillators with phase-conjugating SBS mirrors for high average output powers and fundamental mode operation}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelEichlerGeinitzetal.1995, author = {Menzel, Ralf and Eichler, Hans Joachim and Geinitz, E. and Haase, Alfred and Scherrer, R.}, title = {Neodymium-laser with SBS phase conjugation for high beam quality}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerHaenischMenzel2003, author = {Heuer, Axel and H{\"a}nisch, Christoph and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {New concept for low threshold optical phase conjugation via SBS in a fiber amplifier}, isbn = {0-8194-4772-2}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{RaabUllnerMenzel2000, author = {Raab, Volker and Ullner, Ekkehard and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Novel External Resonators for High Power Diode Lasers with Improved Beam Quality}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerMenzel1998, author = {Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Phase conjugating SBS-mirror for low powers and reflectivities above 90 \% in an internally tapered optical fiber}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerRaabeMenzel2014, author = {Heuer, Axel and Raabe, S. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Phase memory across two single-photon interferometers including wavelength conversion}, series = {Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics}, volume = {90}, journal = {Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1050-2947}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.90.045803}, pages = {4}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a nonlinear crystal generates two single photons (signal and idler) with random phases. Thus, no first-order interference between them occurs. However, coherence can be induced in a cascaded setup of two crystals if, e.g., the idler modes of both crystals are aligned to be indistinguishable. Due to the effect of phase memory it is found that the first-order interference of the signal beams can be controlled by the phase delay between the pump beams. Even for pump photon delays much larger than the coherence length of the SPDC photons, the visibility is above 90\%. The high visibilities reported here prove an almost perfect phase memory effect across the two interferometers for the pump and the signal photon modes.}, language = {en} } @article{RaabMenzel2002, author = {Raab, Volker and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Phase-locked array of 25 broad-area lasers}, isbn = {0-8194-4368-9}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Menzel2007, author = {Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Photonics : linear and nonlinear interactions of laser light and matter}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-540-67074-2}, pages = {1024 S.}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{Menzel2001, author = {Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Photonics : Linear and nonlinear interactions of laser light and matter}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-540-67074-2}, pages = {873 S.}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{SandmannGarzMenzel2016, author = {Sandmann, Michael and Garz, Andreas and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Physiological response of two different Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains to light-dark rhythms}, series = {Botany}, volume = {94}, journal = {Botany}, publisher = {NRC Research Press}, address = {Ottawa}, issn = {1916-2790}, doi = {10.1139/cjb-2015-0144}, pages = {53 -- 64}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Cells of a cell-wall deficient line (cw15-type) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and of the corresponding wild type were grown during repetitive light-dark cycles. In a direct comparison, both lines showed approximately the same relative biomass increase during light phase but the cw-line produced significantly more, and smaller, daughter cells. Throughout the light period the average cellular starch content, the cellular chlorophyll content, the cellular rate of dark respiration, and the cellular rate of photosynthesis of the cw-line was lower. Despite this, several non-cell volume related parameters like the development of starch content per cell volume were clearly different over time between the strains. Additionally, the chlorophyll-based photosynthesis rates were 2-fold higher in the mutant than in the wild-type cells, and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b as well as the light-saturation index were also consistently higher in the mutant cells. Differences in the starch content were also confirmed by single cell analyses using a sensitive SHG-based microscopy approach. In summary, the cw15-type mutant deviates from its genetic background in the entire cell physiology. Both lines should be used in further studies in comparative systems biology with focus on the detailed relation between cell volume increase, photosynthesis, starch metabolism, and daughter cell productivity.}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerHaaseMenzel1995, author = {Eichler, Hans Joachim and Haase, Alfred and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Power enhancement and application of a Nd:YALO rod amplifier with a phase conjugating mirror}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerHaaseMenzel1995, author = {Eichler, Hans Joachim and Haase, Alfred and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Power enhancement and application of a Nd:YALO rod amplifier with a phase conjugating mirror}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerMenzelOstermeyer1996, author = {Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf and Ostermeyer, Martin}, title = {Power tunable Nd-oscillators with diffraction limited beams via SBS phase conjugation}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerMenzel2004, author = {Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Principles of Phase Conjugating Brillouin Mirrors}, isbn = {0-471-43957-6}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerMittlerMenzel1999, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Mittler, Kay and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Q switch and longitudinal modes of a laser oscillator with a stimulated-Brillouin-scattering mirror}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerHeuerMenzel1996, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Q-switching of Nd-lasers with high repetition rates by SBS phase conjugation}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerKlemzKubinaetal.2002, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Klemz, Guido and Kubina, P. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Quasi-continuous-wave birefringence-compensated single- and double-rod Nd : YAG lasers}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{SkoczowskyJechowStuermeretal.2010, author = {Skoczowsky, Danilo and Jechow, Andreas and St{\"u}rmer, Herbert and Poßner, Torsten and Sacher, Joachim and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Quasi-monolithic ring resonator for efficient frequency doubling of an external cavity diode laser}, issn = {0946-2171}, doi = {10.1007/s00340-009-3802-7}, year = {2010}, abstract = {A quasi-monolithic second-harmonic-generation ring resonator assembled with miniaturized components is presented. The ring contains a 10-mm-long bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal for second-harmonic generation, four plane mirrors and two gradient-index lenses. All parts are mounted on a glass substrate with an overall size of 19.5 mmx8.5 mmx4 mm. As pump source a broad-area laser diode operated in an external resonator with Littrow arrangement is utilized. This external cavity diode laser provides near diffraction limited, narrow-bandwidth emission with an optical output power of 450 mW at a wavelength of 976 nm. Locking of the diode laser emission to the resonance frequency of the ring cavity was achieved by an optical self-injection locking technique. With this setup more than 126 mW of diffraction-limited blue light at 488 nm could be generated. The opto-optical conversion efficiency was 28\% and a wall plug efficiency better than 5.5\% could be achieved.}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerHeuerWatermannetal.1996, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Heuer, Axel and Watermann, V. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Resonators with phase conjugating SBS-mirror for solid state lasers with high output powers}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerMenzelSanderetal.1995, author = {Eichler, Hans Joachim and Menzel, Ralf and Sander, Rolf and Schulzke, M. and Schwartz, J.}, title = {SBS at different wavelengths between 308 and 725 nm}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{EichlerHaaseMenzel1994, author = {Eichler, Hans Joachim and Haase, Alfred and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {SBS-Phase Conjugation for Thermal Lens Compensation in 100 Watt Average Power Solid-State Lasers}, year = {1994}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerMenzel1999, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Single rod efficient Nd:YAG and Nd:YALO-lasers with average output powers of 46 and 47 W in diffraction limited beams with M2 < 1.2 and 100 W with M2 < 3.7}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerHeuerWatermannetal.1996, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Heuer, Axel and Watermann, V. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Single rod Nd:laser with phase conjugating SBS-mirror and large transversal mode for average output powers above 20 Watts}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerHodgsonLorenzetal.1997, author = {Heuer, Axel and Hodgson, N. and Lorenz, Dieter and Ostermeyer, Martin and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Solid state lasers with high brightness via optical phase conjugation for micromachining}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{LorenzBrandenburgMenzel1999, author = {Lorenz, Dieter and Brandenburg, Ingo and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Spectral broadening of the laser spectrum of gain-switched Ti:sapphire laser with nonlinear absorbers}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{JechowLichtnerMenzeletal.2009, author = {Jechow, Andreas and Lichtner, Mark and Menzel, Ralf and Radziunas, Mindaugas and Skoczowsky, Danilo and Vladimirov, Andrei G.}, title = {Stripe-array diode-laser in an off-axis external cavity : theory and experiment}, issn = {1094-4087}, doi = {10.1364/OE.17.019599}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Stripe-array diode lasers naturally operate in an anti-phase supermode. This produces a sharp double lobe far field at angles {\~n}a depending on the period of the array. In this paper a 40 emitter gain guided stripe-array laterally coupled by off-axis filtered feedback is investigated experimentally and numerically. We predict theoretically and confirm experimentally that at doubled feedback angle 2a a stable higher order supermode exists with twice the number of emitters per array period. The theoretical model is based on time domain traveling wave equations for optical fields coupled to the carrier density equation taking into account diffusion of carriers. Feedback from the external reflector is modeled using Fresnel integration.}, language = {en} } @article{JechowLichtnerMenzeletal.2009, author = {Jechow, Andreas and Lichtner, Mark and Menzel, Ralf and Radziunas, Mindaugas and Skoczowsky, Danilo and Vladimirov, Andrei G.}, title = {Stripe-array diode-laser in an off-axis external cavity : theory and experiment}, issn = {1094-4087}, doi = {10.1364/OE.17.019599}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Stripe-array diode lasers naturally operate in an anti-phase supermode. This produces a sharp double lobe far field at angles +/-alpha depending on the period of the array. In this paper a 40 emitter gain guided stripe-array laterally coupled by off-axis filtered feedback is investigated experimentally and numerically. We predict theoretically and confirm experimentally that at doubled feedback angle 2 alpha a stable higher order supermode exists with twice the number of emitters per array period. The theoretical model is based on time domain traveling wave equations for optical fields coupled to the carrier density equation taking into account diffusion of carriers. Feedback from the external reflector is modeled using Fresnel integration.}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerMenzel2000, author = {Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Temporal features of SBS phase conjugation}, isbn = {0-8194-3545-7}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{AfshaarvahidHeuerMenzeletal.2001, author = {Afshaarvahid, Shahraam and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf and Munch, Jesper}, title = {Temporal structure of stimulated-Brillouin-scattering reflectivity considering transversal-mode development}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{RaetzelWilkensMenzel2016, author = {R{\"a}tzel, Dennis and Wilkens, Martin and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {The effect of entanglement in gravitational photon-photon scattering}, series = {epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics}, volume = {115}, journal = {epl : a letters journal exploring the frontiers of physics}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Mulhouse}, issn = {0295-5075}, doi = {10.1209/0295-5075/115/51002}, pages = {S12 -- S13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The differential cross-section for gravitational photon-photon scattering calculated in perturbative quantum gravity is shown to depend on the degree of polarization entanglement of the two photons. The interaction between photons in the symmetric Bell state is stronger than between not entangled photons. In contrast, the interaction between photons in the anti-symmetric Bell state is weaker than between not entangled photons. The results are interpreted in terms of quantum interference, and it is shown how they fit into the idea of distance-dependent forces. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2016}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelMarxPuhlmannetal.2019, author = {Menzel, Ralf and Marx, Robert and Puhlmann, Dirk and Heuer, Axel and Schleich, Wolfgang}, title = {The photon}, series = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, volume = {36}, journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0740-3224}, doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.36.001668}, pages = {1668 -- 1675}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We investigate the role of the spatial mode function in a single-photon experiment designed to demonstrate the principle of complementarity. Our approach employs entangled photons created by spontaneous parametric downconversion from a pump mode in a TEM01 mode together with a double slit. Measuring the interference of the signal photons behind the double slit in coincidence with the entangled idler photons at different positions, we select signal photons of different mode functions. When the signal photons belong to the TEM01-like double-hump mode, we obtain almost perfect visibility of the interference fringes, and no "which slit" information is available in the idler photon detected before the slits. This result is remarkable because the entangled signal and idler photon pairs are created each time in only one of the two intensity humps. However, when we break the symmetry between the two maxima of the signal photon mode structure, the paths through the slits for these additional photons become distinguishable and the visibility vanishes. It is the mode function of the photons selected by the detection system that decides if interference or "which slit" information is accessible in the experiment.}, language = {en} } @article{HaenischHeuerMenzel2001, author = {H{\"a}nisch, Christoph and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Threshold reduction of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using fiber loop schemes}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{MittlerLorenzMenzel1999, author = {Mittler, Kay and Lorenz, Dieter and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Time resolved emission spectra of a broadband ns-laser with 0.5 W average output power used as light source for the coherence radar}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{MittlerLorenzMenzel1999, author = {Mittler, Kay and Lorenz, Dieter and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Time-resolved measurements of the spectra of a broadband laser used as light source for the coherence radar}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{SanderHerrmannMenzel1996, author = {Sander, Rolf and Herrmann, V. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Transient absorption spectra and bleaching of 4'-n-Pentyl-4-Cyanoterphenyl in Cyclohexane : determination of cross sections and recovery times}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{ElsnerPuhlmannPieplowetal.2015, author = {Elsner, Robert and Puhlmann, Dirk and Pieplow, Gregor and Heuer, Axel and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Transverse distinguishability of entangled photons with arbitrarily shaped spatial near- and far-field distributions}, series = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics}, number = {9}, publisher = {Optical Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0740-3224}, doi = {10.1364/JOSAB.32.001910}, pages = {1910 -- 1919}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion are ubiquitous in quantum optics. In general, they exhibit a complex spatial photon count distribution. This spatial structure is responsible for seemingly surprising results concerning, e.g., complementarity such as the apparent simultaneous observation of interference fringes V and which-way information D at a double slit, as recently reported by Menzel et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 9314 (2012)]. We implement a complete quantitative model of the SPDC interaction that fully incorporates the effects of crystal anisotropies, phase matching, and the pump beam structure and allows for arbitrary manipulations of the SPDC light in the near and far fields. This enables us to establish an upper bound D-2 + V-2 <= 1.47 for the experimental parameters reported by Menzel et al. We report new experimental results that agree excellently with these theoretical predictions. The new model enables a detailed quantitative analysis of this surprising result and the fair sampling interpretation of biphotons passing a double slit. (C) 2015 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{HeuerSchultheissHodgsonetal.1999, author = {Heuer, Axel and Schultheiss, J. and Hodgson, N. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Menzel, Ralf and Raab, Volker}, title = {Transverse effects in phase conjugate laser mirrors based on stimulated brillouin scattering}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerLorenzHodgsonetal.1997, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Lorenz, Dieter and Hodgson, N. and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Transverse Modes in Laser Resonators with Phase Conjugating Mirror Based on Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS)}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{RaabSkoczowskyMenzel2003, author = {Raab, Volker and Skoczowsky, Danilo and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Tuning high-power diodes with as much as 0.38 W of power and M2 = 1.2 over a range of 32 nm with 3-GHz bandwidth}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{MenzelPuhlmannHeueretal.2012, author = {Menzel, Ralf and Puhlmann, Dirk and Heuer, Axel and Schleich, Wolfgang P.}, title = {Wave-particle dualism and complementarity unraveled by a different mode}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {109}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {24}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1201271109}, pages = {9314 -- 9319}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The precise knowledge of one of two complementary experimental outcomes prevents us from obtaining complete information about the other one. This formulation of Niels Bohr's principle of complementarity when applied to the paradigm of wave-particle dualism-that is, to Young's double-slit experiment-implies that the information about the slit through which a quantum particle has passed erases interference. In the present paper we report a double-slit experiment using two photons created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion where we observe interference in the signal photon despite the fact that we have located it in one of the slits due to its entanglement with the idler photon. This surprising aspect of complementarity comes to light by our special choice of the TEM01 pump mode. According to quantum field theory the signal photon is then in a coherent superposition of two distinct wave vectors giving rise to interference fringes analogous to two mechanical slits.}, language = {en} }