@article{Brechenmacher2021,
  author    = {Brechenmacher, Thomas},
  title     = {1961: Die Kirchen zum Eichmann-Prozeß},
  series = {Mitteilungen zur kirchlichen Zeitgeschichte},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Mitteilungen zur kirchlichen Zeitgeschichte},
  publisher = {Evangelische Arbeitsgemeinschaft f{\"u}r Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  issn      = {2699-3074},
  pages     = {75 -- 96},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Juchler2020,
  author    = {Juchler, Ingo},
  title     = {1960er: Aufwind f{\"u}r die Politische Bildung},
  series = {Geschichte der politischen Bildung},
  journal   = {Geschichte der politischen Bildung},
  publisher = {Bundesausschuss Politische Bildung (bap) e.V.},
  address   = {Bonn},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Zur Jahreswende 1959/60 sorgten Hakenkreuzschmierereien an j{\"u}dischen Einrichtungen in K{\"o}ln und anderswo f{\"u}r Entsetzen und Emp{\"o}rung. Diese Vorkommnisse machten bewusst, was im Verlauf der 1960er Jahre zu einem Politikum f{\"u}r die j{\"u}ngere Generation werden sollte: Die mangelnde Aufarbeitung der nationalsozialistischen Vergangenheit. Diese Thematik sowie der von den USA in Vietnam gef{\"u}hrte Krieg stellten mobilisierende Faktoren f{\"u}r die Herausbildung einer außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO) in der Bundesrepublik dar, die sich in der zweiten H{\"a}lfte der 1960er Jahre verbreitert. Prof. Ingo Juchler beschreibt den Weg der Politischen Bildung durch die 60er Jahre und die Entwicklung hin zur sog. „didaktischen Wende".},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Crome1993,
  author    = {Crome, Erhard},
  title     = {1945 und 1989 - Schwierigkeiten des Vergleichs},
  year      = {1993},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Tosch2006,
  author    = {Tosch, Frank},
  title     = {1779 als Projekt der N{\"u}tzlichkeit, Sittlichkeit und Gl{\"u}ckseligkeit : Nachwort},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Lueth1996,
  author    = {L{\"u}th, Christoph},
  title     = {17. Jahrestagung der International Standing Conference for the History of Education in Berlin},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2001,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {17 Jahre danach : was wird aus Kindern mit Legasthenie?},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StroehlThomasRadegliaetal.1992,
  author    = {Str{\"o}hl, D. and Thomas, Steffen and Radeglia, R. and Brunn, J. and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {13C-NMR-Untersuchungen von Substituenteneffekten in mehrfach substituierten Benz-und Naphthalenderivaten ; Inkrementberechnungen der 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PoleschnerHeydenreichSchilde2000,
  author    = {Poleschner, Helmut and Heydenreich, Matthias and Schilde, Uwe},
  title     = {13C, 19F and 77Se NMR study of vicinal (E)-fluoro(organylseleno)olefins and [(E)- fluoroalkenyl]diorganylselenonium salts},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Selenides of the type R1Se-EMe3 (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) react with xenon difluoride by cleavage of the Se-E bond to yield the R1Se-F intermediate and the fluorides Me3E-F, whereas the Se-C bond in PhSe-tBu (E = C) is stable against XeF2. The presence of R1Se-F intermediates is confirmed by addition to acetylenes (4-octyne, 3-hexyne). Thus, the fluoroselenenylation of acetylenes gives fluoro(organylseleno)olefins in preparative yields. In the cases of E = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, aryl and n-alkyl groups are suitable as the substituent R1. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of (E)-3- (p-carboxyphenylseleno)-4-fluorohex-3-ene - the first example of an uncharged fluoroselenoolefin synthesized from p- EtO2C-C6H4-Se-SnMe3, XeF2, and 3-hexyne followed by an ester hydrolysis - shows that the addition of the selenenylfluoride intermediate to the acetylene proceeds via a trans-addition, as is known for the R2Se2-XeF2 reagents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoleschnerHeydenreich1995,
  author    = {Poleschner, Helmut and Heydenreich, Matthias},
  title     = {13C NMR chemical shifts of unbranched 2-Alkyn-1-ols, w-Alkyn-1-ols and "internal" Alkyn-1-ols},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterThomasFischer1995,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Thomas, Steffen and Fischer, G.},
  title     = {13C and 15N NMR study of 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with one tautomerism-introducing substituent},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinpeterKochFischeretal.1997,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Koch, Andreas and Fischer, G. and Askolin, C.-P.},
  title     = {13 C NMR, 15 N NMR and quantum-chemical study of the tautomerism of 2-substituted 5-ME-7-OH-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThomasBruehlHeilmannetal.1997,
  author    = {Thomas, Steffen and Br{\"u}hl, Iris and Heilmann, Dieter and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {13 C NMR Chemical shift calculations for some substituted pyridines - a comparative consideration},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaloHenneEugsteretal.2013,
  author    = {Calo, Camilla and Henne, Paul D. and Eugster, Patricia and van Leeuwen, Jacqueline and Gilli, Adrian and Hamann, Yvonne and La Mantia, Tommaso and Pasta, Salvatore and Vescovi, Elisa and Tinner, Willy},
  title     = {1200 years of decadal-scale variability of mediterranean vegetation and climate at Pantelleria Island, Italy},
  series = {The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0959-6836},
  doi       = {10.1177/0959683613493935},
  pages     = {1477 -- 1486},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {A new sedimentary sequence from Lago di Venere on Pantelleria Island, located in the Strait of Sicily between Tunisia and Sicily was recovered. The lake is located in the coastal infra-Mediterranean vegetation belt at 2 m a.s.l. Pollen, charcoal and sedimentological analyses are used to explore linkages among vegetation, fire and climate at a decadal scale over the past 1200 years. A dry period from ad 800 to 1000 that corresponds to the Medieval Warm Period' (WMP) is inferred from sedimentological analysis. The high content of carbonate recorded in this period suggests a dry phase, when the ratio of evaporation/precipitation was high. During this period the island was dominated by thermophilous and drought-tolerant taxa, such as Quercus ilex, Olea, Pistacia and Juniperus. A marked shift in the sediment properties is recorded at ad 1000, when carbonate content became very low suggesting wetter conditions until ad 1850-1900. Broadly, this period coincides with the Little Ice Age' (LIA), which was characterized by wetter and colder conditions in Europe. During this time rather mesic conifers (i.e. Pinus pinaster), shrubs and herbs (e.g. Erica arborea and Selaginella denticulata) expanded, whereas more drought-adapted species (e.g. Q. ilex) declined. Charcoal data suggest enhanced fire activity during the LIA probably as a consequence of anthropogenic burning and/or more flammable fuel (e.g. resinous Pinus biomass). The last century was characterized by a shift to high carbonate content, indicating a change towards drier conditions, and re-expansion of Q. ilex and Olea. The post-LIA warming is in agreement with historical documents and meteorological time series. Vegetation dynamics were co-determined by agricultural activities on the island. Anthropogenic indicators (e.g. Cerealia-type, Sporormiella) reveal the importance of crops and grazing on the island. Our pollen data suggest that extensive logging caused the local extinction of deciduous Quercus pubescens around ad1750.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Jann1997,
  author    = {Jann, Werner},
  title     = {12 Thesen zu den "Perspektiven der Modernisierung bei Bund, L{\"a}ndern und Gemeinden"},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DenzDubrauRiemer2009,
  author    = {Denz, Rebekka and Dubrau, Alexander and Riemer, Nathanael},
  title     = {100th anniversary of Tel Aviv},
  issn      = {1614-6492},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DenzDubrauRiemer2009,
  author    = {Denz, Rebekka and Dubrau, Alexander and Riemer, Nathanael},
  title     = {100j{\"a}hriges Jubil{\"a}um Tel Avivs},
  issn      = {1614-6492},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SammoudNevillNegraetal.2018,
  author    = {Sammoud, Senda and Nevill, Alan Michael and Negra, Yassine and Bouguezzi, Raja and Chaabene, Helmi and Hachana, Younes},
  title     = {100-m Breaststroke Swimming Performance in Youth Swimmers},
  series = {Pediatric exercise science},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Pediatric exercise science},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.},
  address   = {Champaign},
  issn      = {0899-8493},
  doi       = {10.1123/pes.2017-0220},
  pages     = {393 -- 401},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This study aimed to estimate the optimal body size, limb segment length, and girth or breadth ratios of 100-m breaststroke performance in youth swimmers. In total, 59 swimmers [male: n= 39, age = 11.5 (1.3) y; female: n= 20, age = 12.0 (1.0) y] participated in this study. To identify size/shape characteristics associated with 100-m breaststroke swimming performance, we computed a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. Results showed that the 100-m breaststroke performance revealed a significant negative association with fat mass and a significant positive association with the segment length ratio (arm ratio = hand length/forearm length) and limb girth ratio (girth ratio = forearm girth/wrist girth). In addition, leg length, biacromial breadth, and biiliocristal breadth revealed significant positive associations with the 100-m breaststroke performance. However, height and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the previously mentioned ratios could have been derived. These results highlighted the importance of considering anthropometric characteristics of youth breaststroke swimmers for talent identification and/or athlete monitoring purposes. In addition, these findings may assist orienting swimmers to the appropriate stroke based on their anthropometric characteristics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoeckmannBrueckner2001,
  author    = {B{\"o}ckmann, Christine and Br{\"u}ckner, Axel},
  title     = {100 years of the Runge-Kutta method : a brief editing for schools},
  issn      = {0268-3679},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on the historical development of the Runge-Kutta methods beginning with the simple Euler method up to an embedded 13-stage method. Moreover, the design and the use of those methods under error order, stability and computation time conditions is edited for students of numerical analysis at undergraduate level. The second part presents applications in natural sciences, compares different methods and illustrates some of the difficulties of numerical solutions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EichlerHaaseMenzel1995,
  author    = {Eichler, Hans Joachim and Haase, Alfred and Menzel, Ralf},
  title     = {100 watt average output power 1.2*diffraction limited beam from pulsed neodym single rod amplifier with SBS- phaseconjugation},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TofeldeSchildgenSavietal.2017,
  author    = {Tofelde, Stefanie and Schildgen, Taylor F. and Savi, Sara and Pingel, Heiko and Wickert, Andrew D. and Bookhagen, Bodo and Wittmann, Hella and Alonso, Ricardo N. and Cottle, John and Strecker, Manfred},
  title     = {100 kyr fluvial cut-and-fill terrace cycles since the Middle Pleistocene in the southern Central Andes, NW Argentina},
  series = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  volume    = {473},
  journal   = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0012-821X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.epsl.2017.06.001},
  pages     = {141 -- 153},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Fluvial fill terraces in intermontane basins are valuable geomorphic archives that can record tectonically and/or climatically driven changes of the Earth-surface process system. However, often the preservation of fill terrace sequences is incomplete and/or they may form far away from their source areas, complicating the identification of causal links between forcing mechanisms and landscape response, especially over multi-millennial timescales. The intermontane Toro Basin in the southern Central Andes exhibits at least five generations of fluvial terraces that have been sculpted into several-hundred-meter-thick Quaternary valley-fill conglomerates. New surface-exposure dating using nine cosmogenic Be-10 depth profiles reveals the successive abandonment of these terraces with a 100 kyr cyclicity between 75 +/- 7 and 487 +/- 34 ka. Depositional ages of the conglomerates, determined by four Al-26/Be-10 burial samples and U-Pb zircon ages of three intercalated volcanic ash beds, range from 18 +/- 141 to 936 +/- 170 ka, indicating that there were multiple cut-and-fill episodes. Although the initial onset of aggradation at similar to 1 Ma and the overall net incision since ca. 500 ka can be linked to tectonic processes at the narrow basin outlet, the superimposed 100 kyr cycles of aggradation and incision are best explained by eccentricity-driven climate change. Within these cycles, the onset of river incision can be correlated with global cold periods and enhanced humid phases recorded in paleoclimate archives on the adjacent Bolivian Altiplano, whereas deposition occurred mainly during more arid phases on the Altiplano and global interglacial periods. We suggest that enhanced runoff during global cold phases - due to increased regional precipitation rates, reduced evapotranspiration, or both - resulted in an increased sediment-transport capacity in the Toro Basin, which outweighed any possible increases in upstream sediment supply and thus triggered incision. Compared with two nearby basins that record precessional (21-kyr) and long-eccentricity (400-kyr) forcing within sedimentary and geomorphic archives, the recorded cyclicity scales with the square of the drainage basin length. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Freitag2000,
  author    = {Freitag, Thomas},
  title     = {100 Jahre Schreckensgeschichte des deutschen Kinderliedes},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{OPUS4-54323,
  title     = {100 Jahre Roter Oktober},
  editor    = {Behrends, Jan C. and Katzer, Nikolaus and Lindenberger, Thomas},
  publisher = {bpb, Bundeszentrale f{\"u}r politische Bildung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-7425-0081-6},
  pages     = {350},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BehrendsKatzerLindenberger2017,
  author    = {Behrends, Jan C. and Katzer, Nikolaus and Lindenberger, Thomas},
  title     = {100 Jahre Roter Oktober},
  series = {100 Jahre Roter Oktober : zur Weltgeschichte der russischen Revolution},
  journal   = {100 Jahre Roter Oktober : zur Weltgeschichte der russischen Revolution},
  publisher = {bpb, Bundeszentrale f{\"u}r politische Bildung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-7425-0081-6},
  pages     = {9 -- 27},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Haarhuis2015,
  author    = {Haarhuis, Daniela},
  title     = {10 Jahre Responsibility to Protect : Ein Sieg f{\"u}r die Menschenrechte?},
  series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1434-2820},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-84221},
  pages     = {19 -- 28},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KleinpeterPihlajaSinkkonenetal.2011,
  author    = {Kleinpeter, Erich and Pihlaja, Kalevi and Sinkkonen, Jari and St{\´a}jer, Gez{\´a} and Koch, Andreas},
  title     = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolanes{\`u}synthesis and stereochemistry},
  issn      = {0749-1581},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolane (4) and its cis- andtrans-2-methyl (5,6), -4-methyl (7,8) and -5-methyl (9,10) derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes (1-3) with NaIO4 in water. The oxides were purified and their isomers separated using thin layer chromatography. The structural characterization was carried out with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The sulfoxides 4-6 and 8-10 attain two S(1) type envelopes (sometimes slightly distorted) the S=Oax envelope greatly dominating. Cis-4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dithiolane is a special case exhibiting both two closely related S=Oax (30 and 27\%) as well as S=Oeq (21 and 22\%) forms [S(1) and C(4) envelopes, respectively]. The relative energies of these conformations, the values of 1H-1H coupling constants and 1H and 13C chemical shifts were estimated by computational methods and they support well the conclusions based on the experimental data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PihlajaSinkkonenStajeretal.2011,
  author    = {Pihlaja, Kalevi and Sinkkonen, Jari and Stajer, Geza and Koch, Andreas and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolanes - synthesis and stereochemistry},
  series = {Magnetic resonance in chemistry},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Magnetic resonance in chemistry},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0749-1581},
  doi       = {10.1002/mrc.2764},
  pages     = {443 -- 449},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {1-Oxo-1,3-dithiolane (4) and its cis- and trans-2-methyl (5,6), -4-methyl (7,8) and -5-methyl (9,10) derivatives were prepared by oxidizing the corresponding 1,3-dithiolanes (1-3) with NaIO(4) in water. The oxides were purified and their isomers separated using thin layer chromatography. The structural characterization was carried out with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The sulfoxides 4-6 and 8-10 attain two S(1) type envelopes (sometimes slightly distorted) the S=O(ax) envelope greatly dominating. Cis-4-methyl-1-oxo-1,3-dithiolane is a special case exhibiting both two closely related S=O(ax) (30 and 27\%) as well as S=O(eq) (21 and 22\%) forms [S(1) and C(4) envelopes, respectively]. The relative energies of these conformations, the values of (1)H-(1)H coupling constants and (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts were estimated by computational methods and they support well the conclusions based on the experimental data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShainyanSuslovaTranDinhPhienetal.2019,
  author    = {Shainyan, Bagrat A. and Suslova, Elena N. and Tran Dinh Phien, and Shlykov, Sergey A. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Kleinpeter, Erich},
  title     = {1-Methylthio-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane: Synthesis, conformational preferences in gas and solution by GED, NMR and theoretical calculations},
  series = {Tetrahedron},
  volume    = {75},
  journal   = {Tetrahedron},
  number    = {46},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0040-4020},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tet.2019.130677},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {1-Methylthio-1-phenyl-1-silacyclohexane 1, the first silacyclohexane with the sulfur atom at silicon, was synthesized and its molecular structure and conformational preferences studied by gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) and low temperature C-13 and Si-29 NMR spectroscopy (LT NMR). Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out both for the isolated species and solvate complexes in gas and in polar medium. The predominance of the 1-MeSaxPheq conformer in gas phase (1-Ph-eq :1-Ph-ax = 55:45, Delta G degrees = 0.13 kcal/mol) determined from GED is consistent with that measured in the freon solution by LT NMR (1-Ph-eq:1-Ph-ax = 65:35, Delta G degrees = 0.12 kcal/mol), the experimentally measured ratios being close to that estimated by quantum chemical calculations at both the DFT and MP2 levels of theory. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WiesnerReinholdBarknowitzFlorianetal.2019,
  author    = {Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie and Barknowitz, Gitte and Florian, Simone and Mewis, Inga and Schumacher, Fabian and Schreiner, Monika and Glatt, Hansruedi},
  title     = {1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl DNA adducts in six tissues, and blood protein adducts, in mice under pak choi diet: time course and persistence},
  series = {Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX},
  volume    = {93},
  journal   = {Archives of toxicology : official journal of EUROTOX},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0340-5761},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00204-019-02452-3},
  pages     = {1515 -- 1527},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {We previously showed that purified 1-methoxy-3-indolylmethyl (1-MIM) glucosinolate, a secondary plant metabolite in Brassica species, is mutagenic in various in vitro systems and forms DNA and protein adducts in mouse models. In the present study, we administered 1-MIM glucosinolate in a natural matrix to mice, by feeding a diet containing pak choi powder and extract. Groups of animals were killed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 days of pak choi diet, directly or, in the case of the 8-day treatment, after 0, 8 and 16 days of recovery with pak choi-free diet. DNA adducts [N-2-(1-MIM)-dG, N-6-(1-MIM)-dA] in six tissues, as well as protein adducts [tau N-(1-MIM)-His] in serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined using UPLC-MS/MS with isotopically labeled internal standards. None of the samples from the 12 control animals under standard diet contained any 1-MIM adducts. All groups receiving pak choi diet showed DNA adducts in all six tissues (exception: lung of mice treated for a single day) as well as SA and Hb adducts. During the feeding period, all adduct levels continuously increased until day 8 (in the jejunum until day 4). During the 14-day recovery period, N-2-(1-MIM)-dG in liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, cecum and colon decreased to 52, 41, 59, 11, 7 and 2\%, respectively, of the peak level. The time course of N-6-(1-MIM)-dA was similar. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that cell turnover is a major mechanism of DNA adduct elimination in the intestine. In the same recovery period, protein adducts decreased more rapidly in SA than in Hb, to 0.7 and 37\%, respectively, of the peak level, consistent with the differential turnover of these proteins. In conclusion, the pak choi diet lead to the formation of high levels of adducts in mice. Cell and protein turnover was a major mechanism of adduct elimination, at least in gut and blood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngelhardtLinker2005,
  author    = {Engelhardt, Ulrike and Linker, Torsten},
  title     = {1,4-cyclohexadienes as mechanistic probes for the Jacobsen epoxidation : evidence for radical pathways},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {1,4-Cyclohexadienes allow a direct comparison of epoxidation and C - H oxidation within the same molecule and give evidence for radical pathways during the Jacobsen epoxidation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShainyanKirpichenkoKleinpeteretal.2013,
  author    = {Shainyan, Bagrat A. and Kirpichenko, Svetlana V. and Kleinpeter, Erich and Shlykov, Sergey A. and Osadchiy, Dmitriy Yu and Chipanina, Nina N. and Oznobikhina, Larisa P.},
  title     = {1,3-Dimethy1-3-silapiperidine - synthesis, molecular structure, and conformational analysis by gas-phase electron diffraction, low temperature NMR, IR and Raman Spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations},
  series = {The journal of organic chemistry},
  volume    = {78},
  journal   = {The journal of organic chemistry},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0022-3263},
  doi       = {10.1021/jo400289g},
  pages     = {3939 -- 3947},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The first Si-H-containing azasilaheterocycle, 1,3-dimethyl-3-silapiperidine 1, was synthesized, and its molecular structure and conformational properties were studied by gas-phase electron diffraction (GED), low temperature NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The compound exists as a mixture of two conformers possessing the chair conformation with the equatorial NMe group and differing by axial or equatorial position of the SiMe group. In the gas phase, the SiMeax conformer predominates (GED: ax/eq = 65(7):35(7)\%,Delta G = 0.36(18) kcal/mol; IR: ax/eq = 62(5):38(5)\%,Delta G = 0.16(7) kcal/mol). In solution, at 143 k the SiMeeq conformer predominates' in the frozen equilibrium (NMR: ax/eq = 31.5(1.5):68.5(1.5)\%, Delta G = -0.22(2) kcal/mol). Thermodynamic parameters of the ring inversion are determined (Delta G(double dagger) = 8.9-9.0 kcal/mol, Delta H-double dagger = 9.6 kcal/mol, Delta S-double dagger = 2.1 eu). High-level quantum chemical calculations :(MP2, G2, CCSD(T)) nicely reproduce the experimental geometry and the predominance of the axial conformer in the gas phase.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MikatFrancoRegensteinetal.2000,
  author    = {Mikat, J{\"u}rgen E. R. and Franco, Olga and Regenstein, Wolfgang and Reck, G{\"u}nter and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Schulz, Burkhard and Orgzall, Ingo},
  title     = {1,3,4-oxadiazole crystals under high pressure-phase transitions and properties},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZebgerGongMuellerDierckeetal.2011,
  author    = {Zebger-Gong, Hong and Mueller, Dominik and Diercke, Michaela and Haffner, Dieter and Hocher, Berthold and Verberckmoes, Steven and Schmidt, Sven and D'Haese, Patrick C. and Querfeld, Uwe},
  title     = {1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-3-induced aortic calcifications in experimental uremia: up-regulation of osteoblast markers, calcium-transporting proteins and osterix},
  series = {Journal of hypertension},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Journal of hypertension},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0263-6352},
  doi       = {10.1097/HJH.0b013e328340aa30},
  pages     = {339 -- 348},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background and objective Whether treatment with vitamin D receptor activators contributes to cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease is a matter of debate. We studied mechanisms involved in vitamin D-related vascular calcifications in vivo and in vitro. Methods Aortic calcifications were induced in subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats by treatment with a high dose (0.25 mu g/kg per day) of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (calcitriol) given for 6 weeks. Likewise, primary rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with calcitriol at concentrations ranging from 10(-11) to 10(-7) mol/l. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the aortic expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein was significantly increased in calcitriol-treated SNX rats compared to untreated SNX controls. In addition, aortic expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid calcium channel 6 (TRPV6) and calbindin D9k was significantly up-regulated by treatment with calcitriol. Furthermore, calcitriol significantly increased expression of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix. In-vitro studies showed similar results, confirming that these effects could be attributed to treatment with calcitriol. Conclusions High-dose calcitriol treatment induces an osteoblastic phenotype in VSMC both in SNX rats and in vitro, associated with up-regulation of proteins regulating mineralization and calcium transport, and of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WenzelWehseSchildeetal.2004,
  author    = {Wenzel, Barbara and Wehse, Burkhard and Schilde, Uwe and Strauch, Peter},
  title     = {1,2-Dithioquadratato- und 1,2-Dithiooxalatoindate(III) = 1,2-dithiosquarato- and 1,2-dithiooxalatoindates(III)},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Indium(III) chloride forms in water with potassium 1,2-dithiooxalate (dto) and potassium 1,2-dithiosquarate (dtsq) stable coordination compounds. Due to the higher bridging ability of the 1,2-dithiooxalate ligand in all cases only thiooxalate bridged binuclear complexes were found. From 1,2-dithioquadratate with an identical donor atom set mononuclear trischelates could be isolated. Five crystalline complexes, (BzlMe(3)N)(4)[(dto)(2)In(dto)In(dto)(2)] (1), (BzlPh(3)P)(4)[(dto)(2)In(dto)In(dto)(2)] (2), (BzlMe(3)N)(3)[In(dtsq)(3)] (3), (Bu4N)(3)[In(dtsq)(3)] (4) and (Ph4P)[In(dtsq)(2)(DMF)(2)] (5), have been isolated and characterized by X-ray analyses. Due to the type of the complex and the cations involved these compounds crystallize in different space groups with the following parameters: 1, monoclinic in P2(1)/c with a = 14.4035(5) Angstrom, b = 10.8141(5) Angstrom, c = 23.3698(9) Angstrom, beta = 124.664(2)degrees, and Z = 2; 2, triclinic in P (1) over bar with a = 11.3872(7) Angstrom, b = 13.6669(9) Angstrom, c = 17.4296(10) Angstrom, alpha = 88.883(5)degrees, beta = 96.763(1)degrees, gamma = 74.587(5)degrees, and Z = 1; 3, hexagonal in R3 with a = 20.6501(16) Angstrom, b = 20.6501(16) Angstrom, c = 19.0706(13) Angstrom and Z = 6; 4, monoclinic in P21/c with a = 22.7650(15) Angstrom, b = 20.4656(10) Angstrom, c = 14.4770(9) Angstrom, P},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwarzeSprengerRiemer2020,
  author    = {Schwarze, Thomas and Sprenger, Tobias and Riemer, Janine},
  title     = {1,2,3-Triazol-1,4-diyl-Fluoroionophores for Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements in Water},
  series = {ChemistrySelect},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {ChemistrySelect},
  number    = {41},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2365-6549},
  doi       = {10.1002/slct.202003695},
  pages     = {12727 -- 12735},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Herein, we represent cation-responsive fluorescent probes for the divalent cations Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, which show cation-induced fluorescence enhancements (FE) in water. The Zn2+-responsive probes Zn1, Zn2, Zn3 and Zn4 are based on o-aminoanisole-N,N-diacetic acid (AADA) derivatives and show in the presence of Zn2+ FE factors of 11.4, 13.9, 6.1 and 8.2, respectively. Most of all, Zn1 and Zn2 show higher Zn2+ induced FE than the regioisomeric triazole linked fluorescent probes Zn3 and Zn4, respectively. In this set, ZN2 is the most suitable probe to detect extracellular Zn2+ levels. For the Mg2+-responsive fluorescent probes Mg1, Mg2 and Mg3 based on o-aminophenol-N,N,O-triacetic acid (APTRA) derivatives, we also found that the regioisomeric linkage influences the fluorescence responds towards Mg2+ (Mg1+100 mM Mg2+ (FEF=13.2) and Mg3+100 mM Mg2+ (FEF=2.1)). Mg2 shows the highest Mg2+-induced FE by a factor of 25.7 and an appropriate K-d value of 3 mM to measure intracellular Mg2+ levels. Further, the Ca2+-responsive fluorescent probes Ca1 and Ca2 equipped with a 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) derivative show high Ca2+-induced FEs (Ca1 (FEF=22.1) and Ca2 (FEF=23.0)). Herein, only Ca1 (K-d=313 nM) is a suitable Ca2+ fluorescent indicator to determine intracellular Ca2+ levels.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KammerStarkePietruchaetal.2012,
  author    = {Kammer, Stefan and Starke, Ines and Pietrucha, Andreas and Kelling, Alexandra and Mickler, Wulfhard and Schilde, Uwe and Dosche, Carsten and Kleinpeter, Erich and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {1,12-Diazaperylene and 2,11-dialkylated-1,12-diazaperylene iridium(III) complexes [Ir((CN)-N-boolean AND)(2)((NN)-N-boolean AND)]PF6: new supramolecular assemblies},
  series = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry},
  number    = {34},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1477-9226},
  doi       = {10.1039/c2dt30412k},
  pages     = {10219 -- 10227},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {A series of new monocationic iridium(III) complexes [Ir((CN)-N-boolean AND)(2)((NN)-N-boolean AND)]PF6 with "large-surface" alpha,alpha'-diimin ligands (NN)-N-boolean AND (dap = 1,12-diazaperylene, dmedap = 2,11-dimethyl-1,12-diazaperylene, dipdap = 2,11-diisopropyl-1,12-diazaperylene) and different cyclometalating ligands (CN)-N-boolean AND (piq = 1-phenylisoquinoline, bzq = benzo[h]quinoline, ppz = 1-phenylpyrazole, thpy = 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine, ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, meppy = 2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridine, dfppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine) were synthesized. The solid structures of the complexes [Ir(piq)(2)(dap)]PF6, [Ir(bzq)(2)(dap)]PF6, [Ir(ppy)(2)(dipdap)]PF6, [Ir(piq)(2)(dmedap)]PF6, [Ir(ppy)(2)(dap)]PF6 and [Ir(ppz)(2)(dap)]PF6 are reported. In [Ir(piq)(2)(dap)]PF6, the dap ligand and one of the piq ligands of each cationic complex are involved in pi-pi stacking interactions forming supramolecular channels running along the crystallographic c axis. In the crystalline [Ir(bzq)(2)(dap)]PF6 pi-pi stacking interactions between the metal complexes lead to the formation of a 2D layer structure. In addition, CH-pi interactions were found in all compounds, which are what stabilizes the solid structure. In particular, a significant number of them were found in [Ir(piq)(2)(dap)]PF6 and [Ir(bzq)(2)(dap)]PF6. The crystal structures of [Ir(ppy)(2)(dipdap)]PF6 and [Ir(ppy)(2)(dmedap)]PF6 are also presented, being the first examples of bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with phenanthroline-type alpha,alpha'-diimin ligands bearing bulky alkyl groups in the neighbourhood of the N-donor atoms. These ligands implicate a distorted octahedral coordination geometry that in turn destabilized the Ir-N-N boolean AND N bonds. The new iridium (III) complexes are not luminescent. All compounds show an electrochemically irreversible anodic peak between 1.15 and 1.58 V, which is influenced by the different cyclometalated ligands. All of the new complexes show two reversible successive one-electron "large-surface" ligand-centred reductions around -0.70 V and -1.30 V. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and collision induced decomposition (CID) measurements were used to investigate the stability of the new complexes. Thereby, the stability agreed well with the order of the Ir-N-N boolean AND N bond lengths.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AwadConradKochetal.2010,
  author    = {Awad, Duha Jawad and Conrad, Franziska and Koch, Andreas and Schilde, Uwe and Poeppl, Andreas and Strauch, Peter},
  title     = {1,10-phenanthroline-dithiolate mixed ligand transition metal complexes : synthesis, characterization and EPR spectroscopy},
  issn      = {0020-1693},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ica.2010.01.021},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {A series of new N2S2 mixed ligand transition metal complexes, where N-2 is phenanthroline and S-2 is 1,2- dithiooxalate (dto) or 1,2-dithiosquarate (dtsq), has been synthesized and characterized. IR spectra reveal that the 1,2- dithiolate ligands are coordinated via the sulfur atoms forming a N2S2 coordination sphere. The copper(II) complex [Cu(phen)(dto)] was studied by EPR spectroscopy as a diamagnetically diluted powder. The diamagnetic dilution resulted from doping of the copper complex into the isostructural host lattice of the nickel complex [Ni(phen)(dto)]. The electronic situation in the frontier orbitals of the copper complex calculated from the experimental data is compared to the results of EHT and DFT calculations. Furthermore, one side product, chlorobis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(I) ethanol solvate hydrate [(phen)(2)CuCl]center dot C2H5OH center dot H2O, was formed by a reduction process and characterized by X-ray diffraction. In the crystal packing one-dimensional columns of dimers are formed, stabilized by significant pi-pi interactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Janz2006,
  author    = {Janz, Norbert},
  title     = {1 : 0 f{\"u}r private Wettenanbieter? : die Sportwettenentscheidung des BVerfG v. 28.3.2006},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Mit Urteil vom 28.3.2006 hat das BVerfG ein staatliches Monopol f{\"u}r Sportwetten nur dann mit der Berufsfreiheitsgarantie des Art. 12 I GG f{\"u}r vereinbar erkl{\"a}rt, wenn es konsequent am Ziel der Bek{\"a}mpfung von Suchtgefahren ausgerichtet ist. Aktuelle Rechtslage und Staatspraxis werden hingegen als verfassungswidrig benannt. Der Beitrag stellt die Entscheidung in ihren Grundz{\"u}gen dar und unterzieht sie einer kritischen W{\"u}rdigung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ShakiSeryFischer2015,
  author    = {Shaki, Samuel and Sery, Noa and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {1 + 2 is more than 2 + 1: Violations of commutativity and identity axioms in mental arithmetic},
  series = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Journal of cognitive psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2044-5911},
  doi       = {10.1080/20445911.2014.973414},
  pages     = {471 -- 477},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Over the past decade or so, a large number of studies have revealed that conceptual meaning is sensitive to situational context. More recently, similar contextual influences have been documented in the domain of number knowledge. Here we show such context dependency in a length production task. Adult participants saw single digit addition problems of the form n1 + n2 and produced the sum by changing bi-directionally the length of a horizontally extended line, using radially arranged buttons. We found that longer lines were produced when n1 < n2 compared to n1 > n2 and that unit size increased with result size. Thus, the mathematical axioms of commutativity and identity do not seem to hold in mental addition. We discuss implications of these observations for our understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in mental arithmetic and for situated cognition generally.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoisKoerzdoerfer2016,
  author    = {Bois, Juliana and K{\"o}rzd{\"o}rfer, Thomas},
  title     = {0 How Bond Length Alternation and Thermal Disorder Affect the Optical Excitation Energies of pi-Conjugated Chains: A Combined Density Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics Study},
  series = {Journal of chemical theory and computation},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Journal of chemical theory and computation},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1549-9618},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.jctc.5b01070},
  pages     = {1872 -- 1882},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {We dissect the sources of error leading to inaccuracies in the description of the geometry and optical excitation energies of pi-conjugated polymers. While the ground-state bond length alternation is shown to be badly reproduced by standard functionals, the recently adapted functionals PBEh* and omega PBE* as well as the double hybrid functional XYGJ-OS manage to replicate results obtained at the CCSD(T) level. By analysis of the bond length alternation in the excited state, a sensitive dependence of the exciton localization on the long-range behavior of the functional and the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange present is shown. Introducing thermal disorder through molecular dynamics simulations allows the consideration of a range of thermally accessible configurations of each oligomer, including trans to cis rotations, which break the conjugation of the backbone. Thermal disorder has a considerable effect when combined with functionals that overestimate the delocalization of the excitation, such as B3LYP. For functionals with a larger amount of exact exchange such as our PBEh* and omega PBE*, however, the effect is small, as excitations are often localized enough to fit between twists in the chain.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Saendig2006,
  author    = {S{\"a}ndig, Brigitte},
  title     = {... vers la lumi{\`e}re et vers la corruption : chateaubriand zu Aufkl{\"a}rung und Ethik},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Goese2012,
  author    = {G{\"o}se, Frank},
  title     = {... die Racce davon so guht ist, das sie auf alle art meritiret, conserviret zu werden : das Verh{\"a}ltnis Friedrichs des Grossen zum brandenburgischen Adel},
  isbn      = {978-3-86732-138-9},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Heimann2002,
  author    = {Heimann, Heinz-Dieter},
  title     = {... daß unser Vaterland von seinem Schmuck so unendlich viel verlor},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Blaszczak1999,
  author    = {Blaszczak, Joanna},
  title     = {-kolwiek pronouns in polish : negative polarity items of free choice items or both?},
  isbn      = {3-87690-738-1},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wegener2008,
  author    = {Wegener, Heide},
  title     = {*H{\"a}sen und *H{\"u}nde : irregul{\"a}re Pluralformen beim DaZ-Erwerb},
  isbn      = {978-3-631- 56930-6},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Der Artikel praesentiert eine empirische Untersuchung der von kindlichen DaZ-Lernern gebildeten Pluralformen zu deutschen Substantiven. Die Frage, auf welche Weise der Erwerb dieses komplexen morphologischen Teilsystems erfolgt und wie er erklaert werden kann, reiht sich ein in die Diskussion zweier entgegen gesetzter Konzepte zum Erwerb und mentalen Repraesentation morphologisch komplexer (ir)regulaerer Formen, naemlich des Duale Routen Modells und des Netzwerkmodells. Aufgrund der Komplexitaet des deutschen Plurals sind die hier praesentierten Daten hervorragend geeignet, einen Beitrag zu leisten zu der seit ca. 20 Jahren in der Psycholinguistik und Spracherwerbsforschung gefuehrten Diskussion darueber, nach welchem Modell morphologische Systeme im natuerlichen Spracherwerb gelernt und verarbeitet werden. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass Umlaut-konforme Formen unter den uebergeneralisierungen deutlich ueberwiegen. Dies ist Evidenz fuer das Vorliegen von Musterextraktion und deren assoziativer Verknuepfung zu Netzwerken. Denn diese mehrheitlich Umlaut-konformen Bildungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Lerner eine ungefaehre Vorstellung vom richtigen Muster entwickelt haben, die Verknuepfung aber nur unvollkommen herstellen. Offenbar haben sie eine Vorstellung hinsichtlich des Vokals der Pluralform. Sie folgen also keiner Regel, sondern einem Muster, das sie aus den im Input vorgefundenen Formen extrahiert und durch Verknuepfung mit aehnlichen Formen zu einem Schema aufgebaut haben. Musterextraktion und Analogiebildung besteht in der Konnektion zwischen Singular- und Pluralform einerseits und der zwischen verschiedenen Pluralformen eines Musters andererseits. Dafuer spielt der betonte Stammvokal eine zentrale Rolle. Unter- und uebergeneralisierung des Umlauts kann konnektionistisch erklaert werden: Fehlende Umlautung beruht auf zu enger Bindung des Lerners an den Singular bzw. zu enger Verknuepfung der Pluralform mit dem Singularstamm - von Fuchs gelangt man leichter zu *Fuchse als zu Fuechse. Hyperkorrekte Umlautung beruht dagegen auf zu enger Verknuepfung der Pluralformen einer Umlaut-Klasse untereinander: von Fuechse gelangt man leichter zu *Huende als zu Hunde.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Seidel2017,
  author    = {Seidel, Andreas},
  title     = {(Weiter-)Entwicklung der Lehrerbildung im Land Brandenburg},
  series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung},
  journal   = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Hochschulforschung},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-399-2},
  issn      = {2192-1075},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399709},
  pages     = {137 -- 167},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Rolfes2008,
  author    = {Rolfes, Manfred},
  title     = {(Un-)Sicherheit, Risiko und Stadt : neue Ans{\"a}tze in der Stadtentwicklung},
  issn      = {0171-5178},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Klein2008,
  author    = {Klein, Eckart},
  title     = {(Un-) Vollendete Reformschritte in den Vereinten Nationen : die Beispiele Sicherheitsrat und Menschenrechtsrat},
  isbn      = {978-3-03-911489-4},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{CarlaUhink2019,
  author    = {Carl{\`a}-Uhink, Filippo},
  title     = {(Re-)Founding Italy: The Social War, Its Aftermath and the Construction of a Roman-Italic Identity in the Roman Republic},
  series = {History in Flux: Journal of the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula},
  volume    = {1},
  journal   = {History in Flux: Journal of the Department of History, Faculty of Humanities, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.32728/flux.2019.1.1},
  pages     = {3 -- 19},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The Social War (91-88 BCE) is one of the most significant episodes in Roman history: from this war, in which Rome fought against her Italic allies, emerged the elite that would lead the Republic in the last decades of its existence and that would provide the senatorial aristocracy of the early imperial age. The Italic rebels were defeated militarily, yet they achieved their political aims. As such, this war - and its elaboration and memorialization in Roman cultural memory - provides a very interesting case study about how "victory" and "defeat" are constructed discursively after a disruptive war, and how its narration is "functionalized" for a re-foundation of the civic body.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Gardiner2002,
  author    = {Gardiner, Simon A.},
  title     = {(Quantum) chaos in Bose-Einstein condensates},
  issn      = {0950-0340},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZimmermannDeVeaughGeissToennisetal.2020,
  author    = {Zimmermann, Malte and De Veaugh-Geiss, Joseph P. and T{\"o}nnis, Swantje and Onea, Edgar},
  title     = {(Non-)exhaustivity in focus partitioning across languages},
  series = {Approaches to Hungarian},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Approaches to Hungarian},
  publisher = {John Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {We present novel experimental evidence on the availability and the status of exhaustivity inferences with focus partitioning in German, English, and Hungarian. Results suggest that German and English focus-background clefts and Hungarian focus share important properties, ({\´E}. Kiss 1998, 1999; Szabolcsi 1994; Percus 1997; Onea \& Beaver 2009). Those constructions are anaphoric devices triggering an existence presupposition. EXH-inferences are not obligatory in such constructions in English, German, or Hungarian, against some previous literature (Percus 1997; B{\"u}ring \& Križ 2013; {\´E}. Kiss 1998), but in line with pragmatic analyses of EXH-inferences in clefts (Horn 1981, 2016; Pollard \& Yasavul 2016). The cross-linguistic differences in the distribution of EXH-inferences are attributed to properties of the Hungarian number marking system.},
  language  = {en}
}