@article{BorghiShakiFischer2022, author = {Borghi, Anna M. and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {86}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4}, pages = {2370 -- 2388}, year = {2022}, abstract = {There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.}, language = {en} } @article{DworkinKraheZinzow2021, author = {Dworkin, Emily R. and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Zinzow, Heidi}, title = {The global prevalence of sexual assault}, series = {Psychology of violence}, volume = {11}, journal = {Psychology of violence}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2152-0828}, doi = {10.1037/vio0000374}, pages = {497 -- 508}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objective: We present a review of peer-reviewed English-language studies conducted outside the United States and Canada on the prevalence of sexual assault victimization in adolescence and adulthood published since 2010. Method: A systematic literature search yielded 32 articles reporting on 45 studies from 29 countries. Studies that only provided prevalence estimates for sexual assault in intimate relationships or did not present separate rates for men and women were excluded. All studies were coded by two coders, and a risk of bias score was calculated for each study. Both past-year and prevalence rates covering longer periods were extracted. Results: The largest number of studies came from Europe (n = 21), followed by Africa (n = 11), Asia, and Latin America (n = 6 each). One study came from the Middle East and no studies were found from Oceania. Across the 22 studies that reported past-year prevalence rates, figures ranged from 0\% to 59.2\% for women, 0.3\% to 55.5\% for men, and 1.5\% to 18.2\% for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) samples. The average risk of bias score was 5.7 out of 10. Studies varied widely in methodology. Conclusion: Despite regional variation, most studies indicate that sexual assault is widespread. More sustained, systematic, and coordinated research efforts are needed to gauge the scale of sexual assault in different parts of the world and to develop prevention measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{BorghiShakiFischer2022, author = {Borghi, Anna M. and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {86}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9}, pages = {2366 -- 2369}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation.}, language = {en} } @article{PollatosMoenkemoellerGroppeetal.2023, author = {Pollatos, Olga and M{\"o}nkem{\"o}ller, Karla and Groppe, Karoline and Elsner, Birgit}, title = {Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037}, pages = {13}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Introduction: Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Methods: In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. Results: The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. Discussion: Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Peitz2024, author = {Peitz, Diana}, title = {Mindful Eating}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63451}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634515}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 178}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Maladaptive eating behaviors such as emotional eating, external eating, and loss-of-control eating are widespread in the general population. Moreover, they are associated to adverse health outcomes and well-known for their role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders and obesity (i.e., eating and weight disorders). Eating and weight disorders are associated with crucial burden for individuals as well as high costs for society in general. At the same time, corresponding treatments yield poor outcomes. Thus, innovative concepts are needed to improve prevention and treatment of these conditions. The Buddhist concept of mindfulness (i.e., paying attention to the present moment without judgement) and its delivery via mindfulness-based intervention programs (MBPs) has gained wide popularity in the area of maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders over the last two decades. Though previous findings on their effects seem promising, the current assessment of mindfulness and its mere application via multi-component MBPs hampers to draw conclusions on the extent to which mindfulness-immanent qualities actually account for the effects (e.g., the modification of maladaptive eating behaviors). However, this knowledge is pivotal for interpreting previous effects correctly and for avoiding to cause harm in particularly vulnerable groups such as those with eating and weight disorders. To address these shortcomings, recent research has focused on the context-specific approach of mindful eating (ME) to investigate underlying mechanisms of action. ME can be considered a subdomain of generic mindfulness describing it specifically in relation to the process of eating and associated feelings, thoughts, and motives, thus including a variety of different attitudes and behaviors. However, there is no universal operationalization and the current assessment of ME suffers from different limitations. Specifically, current measurement instruments are not suited for a comprehensive assessment of the multiple facets of the construct that are currently discussed as important in the literature. This in turn hampers comparisons of different ME facets which would allow to evaluate their particular effect on maladaptive eating behaviors. This knowledge is needed to tailor prevention and treatment of associated eating and weight disorders properly and to explore potential underlying mechanisms of action which have so far been proposed mainly on theoretical grounds. The dissertation at hand aims to provide evidence-based fundamental research that contributes to our understanding of how mindfulness, more specifically its context-specific form of ME, impacts maladaptive eating behaviors and, consequently, how it could be used appropriately to enrich the current prevention and treatment approaches for eating and weight disorders in the future. Specifically, in this thesis, three scientific manuscripts applying several qualitative and quantitative techniques in four sequential studies are presented. These manuscripts were published in or submitted to three scientific peer-reviewed journals to shed light on the following questions: I. How can ME be measured comprehensively and in a reliable and valid way to advance the understanding of how mindfulness works in the context of eating? II. Does the context-specific construct of ME have an advantage over the generic concept in advancing the understanding of how mindfulness is related to maladaptive eating behaviors? III. Which ME facets are particularly useful in explaining maladaptive eating behaviors? IV. Does training a particular ME facet result in changes in maladaptive eating behaviors? To answer the first research question (Paper 1), a multi-method approach using three subsequent studies was applied to develop and validate a comprehensive self-report instrument to assess the multidimensional construct of ME - the Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI). Study 1 aimed to create an initial version of the MEI by following a three-step approach: First, a comprehensive item pool was compiled by including selected and adapted items of the existing ME questionnaires and supplementing them with items derived from an extensive literature review. Second, the preliminary item pool was complemented and checked for content validity by experts in the field of eating behavior and/or mindfulness (N = 15). Third, the item pool was further refined through qualitative methods: Three focus groups comprising laypersons (N = 16) were used as a check for applicability. Subsequently, think-aloud protocols (N = 10) served as a last check of comprehensibility and elimination of ambiguities. The resulting initial MEI version was tested in Study 2 in an online convenience sample (N = 828) to explore its factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results were used to shorten the questionnaire in accordance with qualitative and quantitative criteria yielding the final MEI version which encompasses 30 items. These items were assigned to seven ME facets: (1) 'Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one's own eating experience' (ANA), (2) 'Awareness of Senses while Eating' (ASE), (3) 'Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness' (ERF), (4) 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives' (ATM), (5) 'Interconnectedness' (CON), (6) 'Non-Reactive Stance' (NRS) and (7) Focused Attention on Eating' (FAE). Study 3 sought to confirm the found facets and the corresponding factor structure in an independent online convenience sample (N = 612) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study served as further indication of the assumed multidimensionality of ME (the correlational seven-factor model was shown to be superior to a single-factor model). Psychometric properties of the MEI, regarding factorial validity, internal consistency, retest-reliability, and observed criterion validity using a wide range of eating-specific and general health-related outcomes, showed the inventory to be suitable for a comprehensive, reliable and valid assessment of ME. These findings were complemented by demonstrating measurement invariance of the MEI regarding gender. In accordance with the factor structure of the MEI, Paper 1 offers an empirically-derived definition of ME, succeeding in overcoming ambiguities and problems of previous attempts at defining the construct. To answer the second and third research questions (Paper 2) a subsample of Study 2 from the MEI validation studies (N = 292) was analyzed. Incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness was shown using hierarchical regression models concerning the outcome variables of maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating and uncontrolled eating) and nutrition behaviors (consumption of energy-dense food). Multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate the impact of the seven different ME facets (identified in Paper 1) on the same outcome variables. The following ME facets significantly contributed to explaining variance in maladaptive eating and nutrition behaviors: Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one`s own eating experience (ANA), Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness (ERF), the Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM), and a Non-Reactive Stance (NRS, i.e., an observing, non-impulsive attitude towards eating triggers). Results suggest that these ME facets are promising variables to consider when a) investigating potential underlying mechanisms of mindfulness and MBPs in the context of eating and b) addressing maladaptive eating behaviors in general as well as in the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders. To answer the fourth research question (Paper 3), a training on an isolated exercise ('9 Hunger') based on the previously identified ME facet ATM was designed to explore its particular association with changes in maladaptive eating behaviors and thus to preliminary explore one possible mechanism of action. The online study was realized using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Latent Change Scores (LCS) across three measurement points (before the training, directly after the training and three months later) were compared between the intervention group (n = 211) and a waitlist control group (n = 188). Short- and longer-term effects of the training could be shown on maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, loss-of-control eating) and associated outcomes (intuitive eating, ME, self-compassion, well-being). Findings serve as preliminary empirical evidence that MBPs might influence maladaptive eating behaviors through an enhanced non-judgmental awareness of and distinguishment between eating motives and triggers (i.e., ATM). This mechanism of action had previously only been hypothesized from a theoretical perspective. Since maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with eating and weight disorders, the findings can enhance our understanding of the general effects of MBPs on these conditions. The integration of the different findings leads to several suggestions of how ME might enrich different kinds of future interventions on maladaptive eating behaviors to improve health in general or the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders in particular. Strengths of the thesis (e.g., deliberate specific methodology, variety of designs and methods, high number of participants) are emphasized. The main limitations particularly regarding sample characteristics (e.g., higher level of formal education, fewer males, self-selected) are discussed to arrive at an outline for future studies (e.g., including multi-modal-multi-method approaches, clinical eating disorder samples and youth samples) to improve upcoming research on ME and underlying mechanisms of action of MBPs for maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders. This thesis enriches current research on mindfulness in the context of eating by providing fundamental research on the core of the ME construct. Thereby it delivers a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively assess ME in future studies as well as an operational definition of the construct. Findings on ME facet level might inform upcoming research and practice on how to address maladaptive eating behaviors appropriately in interventions. The ME skill 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM)' as one particular mechanism of action should be further investigated in representative community and specific clinical samples to examine the validity of the results in these groups and to justify an application of the concept to the general population as well as to subgroups with eating and weight disorders in particular. In conclusion, findings of the current thesis can be used to set future research on mindfulness, more specifically ME, and its underlying mechanism in the context of eating on a more evidence-based footing. This knowledge can inform upcoming prevention and treatment to tailor MBPs on maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders appropriately.}, language = {en} } @article{SchindkeGischGumz2021, author = {Schindke, Corinna and Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra and Gumz, Antje}, title = {Wie sollte Yoga in der Therapie der Anorexia nervosa ausgef{\"u}hrt werden?}, series = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie : PPmP ; Organ des Deutschen Kollegiums f{\"u}r Psychosomatische Medizin}, volume = {71}, journal = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie : PPmP ; Organ des Deutschen Kollegiums f{\"u}r Psychosomatische Medizin}, number = {11}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0937-2032}, doi = {10.1055/a-1390-4450}, pages = {446 -- 455}, year = {2021}, abstract = {An altered interoception is a central correlate of anorexia nervosa (AN) and addressing this issue offers a promising approach in the treatment of AN. First results have shown the effectiveness of yoga as a body-focused intervention in the treatment of AN. However, to date there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the question how yoga strategies and yoga elements (postures, relaxation, breath, meditation) should be applied. Against this background, we conducted a qualitative pilot study with n = 6 female patients with AN undergoing treatment in a specialist unit supporting re-insertion subsequent to a preceding inpatient AN treatment. Study participants received a weekly one-hour hatha-yoga intervention over at least 12 weeks. After the yoga intervention, semi-structured interviews (1/2 to 1 hour) were conducted to assess the experiences of the study participants during the yoga intervention. The data were analyzed using Grounded Theory. At the upper level of analysis, four categories were differentiated: information regarding 1) study participants' symptoms, 2) aspects of the setting experienced to be beneficial, 3) yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial and 4) perceived consequences of yoga strategies. With regard to the yoga strategies perceived to be beneficial, analyses revealed 4 subcategories: features of 1) postures and movements, 2) breath and meditation exercises, 3) relaxation exercises and 4) general information about the setting. The results give first indications regarding the conceptualization of yoga in the treatment of AN and potential mechanisms. Further qualitative and quantitative studies are needed, e.g., with regard to effectiveness, contraindications, mediators or moderators to better evaluate the potential of yoga in the treatment of AN.}, language = {de} } @misc{XieJiaRollsetal.2021, author = {Xie, Chao and Jia, Tianye and Rolls, Edmund T. and Robbins, Trevor W. and Sahakian, Barbara J. and Zhang, Jie and Liu, Zhaowen and Cheng, Wei and Luo, Qiang and Zac Lo, Chun-Yi and Schumann, Gunter and Feng, Jianfeng and Wang, He and Banaschewski, Tobias and Barker, Gareth J. and Bokde, Arun L.W. and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Grigis, Antoine and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Heinz, Andreas and Hohmann, Sarah and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Paill{\`e}re Martinot, Marie-Laure and Nees, Frauke and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Paus, Tom{\´a}š and Poustka, Luise and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Smolka, Michael N. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert}, title = {Reward versus nonreward sensitivity of the medial versus lateral orbitofrontal cortex relates to the severity of depressive symptoms}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-55788}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557882}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS: Activations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14. RESULTS: The medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Activations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.}, language = {en} } @article{XieJiaRollsetal.2021, author = {Xie, Chao and Jia, Tianye and Rolls, Edmund T. and Robbins, Trevor W. and Sahakian, Barbara J. and Zhang, Jie and Liu, Zhaowen and Cheng, Wei and Luo, Qiang and Zac Lo, Chun-Yi and Schumann, Gunter and Feng, Jianfeng and Wang, He and Banaschewski, Tobias and Barker, Gareth J. and Bokde, Arun L.W. and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Grigis, Antoine and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Heinz, Andreas and Hohmann, Sarah and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Paill{\`e}re Martinot, Marie-Laure and Nees, Frauke and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Paus, Tom{\´a}š and Poustka, Luise and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Smolka, Michael N. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert}, title = {Reward versus nonreward sensitivity of the medial versus lateral orbitofrontal cortex relates to the severity of depressive symptoms}, series = {Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging}, volume = {6}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2451-9022}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.017}, pages = {259 -- 269}, year = {2021}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS: Activations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14. RESULTS: The medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Activations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.}, language = {en} } @misc{UrbachFay2021, author = {Urbach, Tina and Fay, Doris}, title = {Leader member exchange in leaders' support for voice}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {70}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51090}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510904}, pages = {37}, year = {2021}, abstract = {While previous research underscores the role of leaders in stimulating employee voice behaviour, comparatively little is known about what affects leaders' support for such constructive but potentially threatening employee behaviours. We introduce leader member exchange quality (LMX) as a central predictor of leaders' support for employees' ideas for constructive change. Apart from a general benefit of high LMX for leaders' idea support, we propose that high LMX is particularly critical to leaders' idea support if the idea voiced by an employee constitutes a power threat to the leader. We investigate leaders' attribution of prosocial and egoistic employee intentions as mediators of these effects. Hypotheses were tested in a quasi-experimental vignette study (N = 160), in which leaders evaluated a simulated employee idea, and a field study (N = 133), in which leaders evaluated an idea that had been voiced to them at work. Results show an indirect effect of LMX on leaders' idea support via attributed prosocial intentions but not via attributed egoistic intentions, and a buffering effect of high LMX on the negative effect of power threat on leaders' idea support. Results differed across studies with regard to the main effect of LMX on idea support.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterTomaszewska2020, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Tomaszewska, Paulina}, title = {Pathways from child sexual and physical abuse to sexual and physical intimate partner violence victimization through attitudes toward intimate partner violence}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {4}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54339}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-543396}, pages = {13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Although many studies have shown that victims of child abuse have an increased vulnerability to revictimization in intimate relationships, the underlying mechanisms are not yet sufficiently well understood. Therefore, this study aimed at examining this relationship for both sexual and physical forms of violence as well as investigating the potential mediating role of attitudes toward sexual and physical intimate partner violence (IPV). Also, the potential moderating role of gender was explored. Sexual and physical child abuse and IPV victimization in adulthood as well as attitudes toward the respective form of IPV were assessed among 716 participants (448 female) in an online survey. The path analyses showed that child sexual abuse was positively linked to sexual IPV victimization among both women and men, whereas child physical abuse was positively associated with physical IPV victimization among women only. Furthermore, the relationship between both forms of child abuse and IPV victimization was mediated through more supportive attitudes toward the respective forms of IPV, but only among men. This study provides novel insights regarding the links between sexual and physical child abuse and revictimization in adulthood, suggesting that supporting attitudes toward IPV may be seen as vulnerability factor for revictimization. The moderating role of gender is especially discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterTomaszewskaMarchewkaetal.2020, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Marchewka, Juliette and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Does question format matter in assessing the prevalence of sexual aggression?}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {4}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54663}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546632}, pages = {13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As research on sexual aggression has been growing, methodological issues in assessing prevalence rates have received increased attention. Building on work by Abbey and colleagues about effects of question format, participants in this study (1,253; 621 female; 632 male) were randomly assigned to one of two versions of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S). In Version 1, the coercive tactic (use/threat of physical force, exploitation of the inability to resist, verbal pressure) was presented first, and sexual acts (sexual touch, attempted and completed sexual intercourse, other sexual acts) were presented as subsequent questions. In Version 2, sexual acts were presented first, and coercive tactics as subsequent questions. No version effects emerged for overall perpetration rates reported by men and women. The overall victimization rate across all items was significantly higher in the tactic-first than in the sexual-act-first conditions for women, but not for men. Classifying participants by their most severe experience of sexual victimization showed that fewer women were in the nonvictim category and more men were in the nonconsensual sexual contact category when the coercive tactic was presented first. Sexual experience background did not moderate the findings. The implications for the measurement of self-reported sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2020, author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Predicting adolescents' self-objectification from sexualized video game and Instagram use}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {9-10}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54199}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541992}, pages = {17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A growing body of research has demonstrated negative effects of sexualization in the media on adolescents' body image, but longitudinal studies and research including interactive and social media are scarce. The current study explored the longitudinal associations of adolescents' use of sexualized video games (SVG) and sexualized Instagram images (SII) with body image concerns. Specifically, our study examined relations between adolescents' SVG and SII use and appearance comparisons, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. A sample of 660 German adolescents (327 female, 333 male;M-age = 15.09 years) participated in two waves with an interval of 6 months. A structural equation model showed that SVG and SII use at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. Furthermore, SVG and SII use indirectly predicted both thin- and muscular-ideal internalization through appearance comparisons at Time 1. In turn, thin-ideal internalization at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. The results indicate that sexualization in video games and on Instagram can play an important role in increasing body image concerns among adolescents. We discuss the findings with respect to objectification theory and the predictive value of including appearance comparisons in models explaining the relation between sexualized media and self-objectification.}, language = {en} } @misc{ShakiFischer2020, author = {Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Systematic spatial distortion of quantitative estimates}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {6}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54545}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-545457}, pages = {11}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Magnitude estimation has been studied since the beginnings of scientific psychology and constitutes a fundamental aspect of human behavior. Yet, it has apparently never been noticed that estimates depend on the spatial arrangement used. We tested 167 adults in three experiments to show that the spatial layout of stimuli and responses systematically distorts number estimation, length production, and weight reproduction performance. The direction of distortion depends on the observer's counting habits, but does not seem to reflect the use of spatially associated number concepts. Our results imply that all quantitative estimates are contaminated by a "spell of space" whenever stimuli or responses are spatially distributed.}, language = {en} } @article{GleichSpittaButleretal.2020, author = {Gleich, Tobias and Spitta, Gianna and Butler, Oisin and Zacharias, Kristin and Aydin, Semiha and Sebold, Miriam and Garbusow, Maria and Rapp, Michael A. and Schubert, Florian and Buchert, Ralph and Heinz, Andreas and Gallinat, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk}, series = {Addiction Biology}, volume = {26}, journal = {Addiction Biology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1369-1600}, doi = {10.1111/adb.12915}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying F-18-fallypride positron emission tomography (F-18-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChenNebeMojtahedzadehetal.2020, author = {Chen, Hao and Nebe, Stephan and Mojtahedzadeh, Negin and Kuitunen-Paul, Soren and Garbusow, Maria and Schad, Daniel and Rapp, Michael A. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, Andreas and Smolka, Michael N.}, title = {Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is associated with early hazardous alcohol use}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {4}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56960}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569609}, pages = {16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks examine the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on ongoing instrumental behaviour. Previous studies reported associations between a strong PIT effect, high-risk drinking and alcohol use disorder. This study investigated whether susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control is linked to risky alcohol use in a community sample of 18-year-old male adults. Participants (N = 191) were instructed to 'collect good shells' and 'leave bad shells' during the presentation of appetitive (monetary reward), aversive (monetary loss) or neutral Pavlovian stimuli. We compared instrumental error rates (ER) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses between the congruent and incongruent conditions, as well as among high-risk and low-risk drinking groups. On average, individuals showed a substantial PIT effect, that is, increased ER when Pavlovian cues and instrumental stimuli were in conflict compared with congruent trials. Neural PIT correlates were found in the ventral striatum and the dorsomedial and lateral prefrontal cortices (lPFC). Importantly, high-risk drinking was associated with a stronger behavioural PIT effect, a decreased lPFC response and an increased neural response in the ventral striatum on the trend level. Moreover, high-risk drinkers showed weaker connectivity from the ventral striatum to the lPFC during incongruent trials. Our study links interference during PIT to drinking behaviour in healthy, young adults. High-risk drinkers showed higher susceptibility to Pavlovian cues, especially when they conflicted with instrumental behaviour, indicating lower interference control abilities. Increased activity in the ventral striatum (bottom-up), decreased lPFC response (top-down), and their altered interplay may contribute to poor interference control in the high-risk drinkers.}, language = {en} } @misc{KuehneHeinzeWeck2020, author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian}, title = {What do laypersons believe characterises a competent psychotherapist?}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54430}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544304}, pages = {14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Aim Although research and clinical definitions of psychotherapeutic competence have been proposed, less is known about the layperson perspective. The aim was to explore the views of individuals with different levels of psychotherapy experience regarding what-in their views-constitutes a competent therapist. Method In an online survey, 375 persons (64\% female, mean age 33.24 years) with no experience, with professional experience, or with personal pre-experience with psychotherapy participated. To provide low-threshold questions, we first presented two qualitative items (i.e. "In your opinion, what makes a good/competent psychotherapist?"; "How do you recognize that a psychotherapist is not competent?") and analysed them using inductive content analysis techniques (Mayring, 2014). Then, we gave participants a 16-item questionnaire including items from previous surveys and from the literature and analysed them descriptively. Results Work-relatedprinciples, professionalism, personalitycharacteristics, caringcommunication, empathy and understandingwere important categories of competence. Concerning the quantitative questions, most participants agreed with items indicating that a therapist should be open, listen well, show empathy and behave responsibly. Conclusion Investigating layperson perspectives suggested that effective and professional interpersonal behaviour of therapists plays a central role in the public's perception of psychotherapy.}, language = {en} } @misc{JacobsWollnySeidleretal.2020, author = {Jacobs, Ingo and Wollny, Anna and Seidler, Juliana and Wochatz, Germar}, title = {A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {2}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541857}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchusterTomaszewskaKrahe2020, author = {Schuster, Isabell and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Changing cognitive risk factors for sexual aggression}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3-4}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54907}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549072}, pages = {26}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Sexual aggression is a problem among college students worldwide, and a growing body of research has identified variables associated with an increased risk of victimization and perpetration. Among these, sexuality-related cognitions, such as sexual scripts, sexual self-esteem, perceived realism of pornography, and acceptance of sexual coercion, play a major role. The current experimental study aimed to show that these cognitive risk factors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration are amenable to change, which is a critical condition for evidence-based intervention efforts. College students in Germany (N = 324) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group designed to change participants' sexual scripts for consensual sex with regard to the role of alcohol consumption, casual sex, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions as risk factors for sexual aggression (EG1), a treatment group designed to promote sexual self-esteem, challenge the perceived realism of pornography, and reduce the acceptance of sexual coercion (EG2), and a non-treatment control group (CG). Baseline (T1), post-experimental (T2), and follow-up (T3) measures were taken across an eight-week period. Sexual scripts contained fewer risk factors for sexual aggression in EG1 than in EG2 and CG at T3. Sexual self-esteem was enhanced in EG2 at T2 relative to the other two groups. Acceptance of sexual coercion was lower in EG2 than in EG1 and CG at T2 and T3. No effect was found for perceived realism of pornography. The findings are discussed in terms of targeting cognitive risk factors as a basis for intervention programs.}, language = {en} } @misc{DolcosKatsumiMooreetal.2019, author = {Dolcos, Florin and Katsumi, Yuta and Moore, Matthew and Berggren, Nick and de Gelder, Beatrice and Derakshan, Nazanin and Hamm, Alfons O. and Koster, Ernst H. W. and Ladouceur, Cecile D. and Okon-Singer, Hadas and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51621}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516213}, pages = {45}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations.}, language = {en} } @article{DolcosKatsumiMooreetal.2019, author = {Dolcos, Florin and Katsumi, Yuta and Moore, Matthew and Berggren, Nick and de Gelder, Beatrice and Derakshan, Nazanin and Hamm, Alfons O. and Koster, Ernst H. W. and Ladouceur, Cecile D. and Okon-Singer, Hadas and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Neural correlates of emotion-attention interactions}, series = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}, volume = {108}, journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0149-7634}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.017}, pages = {559 -- 601}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project's emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoesterKayhanLangelohetal.2020, author = {K{\"o}ster, Moritz and Kayhan, Ezgi and Langeloh, Miriam and Hoehl, Stefanie}, title = {Making sense of the world}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51371}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-513717}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {For human infants, the first years after birth are a period of intense exploration-getting to understand their own competencies in interaction with a complex physical and social environment. In contemporary neuroscience, the predictive-processing framework has been proposed as a general working principle of the human brain, the optimization of predictions about the consequences of one's own actions, and sensory inputs from the environment. However, the predictive-processing framework has rarely been applied to infancy research. We argue that a predictive-processing framework may provide a unifying perspective on several phenomena of infant development and learning that may seem unrelated at first sight. These phenomena include statistical learning principles, infants' motor and proprioceptive learning, and infants' basic understanding of their physical and social environment. We discuss how a predictive-processing perspective can advance the understanding of infants' early learning processes in theory, research, and application.}, language = {en} } @article{KoesterKayhanLangelohetal.2020, author = {K{\"o}ster, Moritz and Kayhan, Ezgi and Langeloh, Miriam and Hoehl, Stefanie}, title = {Making sense of the world}, series = {Perspectives on Psychological Science}, volume = {15}, journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1745-6916}, doi = {10.1177/1745691619895071}, pages = {562 -- 571}, year = {2020}, abstract = {For human infants, the first years after birth are a period of intense exploration-getting to understand their own competencies in interaction with a complex physical and social environment. In contemporary neuroscience, the predictive-processing framework has been proposed as a general working principle of the human brain, the optimization of predictions about the consequences of one's own actions, and sensory inputs from the environment. However, the predictive-processing framework has rarely been applied to infancy research. We argue that a predictive-processing framework may provide a unifying perspective on several phenomena of infant development and learning that may seem unrelated at first sight. These phenomena include statistical learning principles, infants' motor and proprioceptive learning, and infants' basic understanding of their physical and social environment. We discuss how a predictive-processing perspective can advance the understanding of infants' early learning processes in theory, research, and application.}, language = {en} } @misc{BackhausEngbertRothkegeletal.2020, author = {Backhaus, Daniel and Engbert, Ralf and Rothkegel, Lars Oliver Martin and Trukenbrod, Hans Arne}, title = {Task-dependence in scene perception: Head unrestrained viewing using mobile eye-tracking}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {5}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51912}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519124}, pages = {23}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The advancement of mobile eye-trackers and the progress in image processing, however, permit a more natural experimental setup that, at the same time, maintains the high experimental control from the standard laboratory setting. We investigated eye movements while participants were standing in front of a projector screen and explored images under four specific task instructions. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile eye-tracking device and raw gaze data were transformed from head-centered into image-centered coordinates. We observed differences between tasks in temporal and spatial eye-movement parameters and found that the bias to fixate images near the center differed between tasks. Our results demonstrate that current mobile eye-tracking technology and a highly controlled design support the study of fine-scaled task dependencies in an experimental setting that permits more natural viewing behavior than the static picture viewing paradigm.}, language = {en} } @misc{EsserReichWageneretal.2017, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Reich, Stefanie and Wagener, Nina and H{\"o}sch, Ingrid and Ihle, Wolfgang and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {PoKI: Potsdamer Kinder-Interview f{\"u}r 6- bis 12-J{\"a}hrige}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {57}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{RothRawald2023, author = {Roth-Rawald, Julia}, title = {Krankheits{\"a}ngste in verschiedenen Populationen und die Effektivit{\"a}t ambulanter Verhaltenstheraphie}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {109}, year = {2023}, language = {de} } @article{GumbschAdamElsneretal.2021, author = {Gumbsch, Christian and Adam, Maurits and Elsner, Birgit and Butz, Martin V.}, title = {Emergent goal-anticipatory gaze in infants via event-predictive learning and inference}, series = {Cognitive science}, volume = {45}, journal = {Cognitive science}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {1551-6709}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.13016}, pages = {26}, year = {2021}, abstract = {From about 7 months of age onward, infants start to reliably fixate the goal of an observed action, such as a grasp, before the action is complete. The available research has identified a variety of factors that influence such goal-anticipatory gaze shifts, including the experience with the shown action events and familiarity with the observed agents. However, the underlying cognitive processes are still heavily debated. We propose that our minds (i) tend to structure sensorimotor dynamics into probabilistic, generative event-predictive, and event boundary predictive models, and, meanwhile, (ii) choose actions with the objective to minimize predicted uncertainty. We implement this proposition by means of event-predictive learning and active inference. The implemented learning mechanism induces an inductive, event-predictive bias, thus developing schematic encodings of experienced events and event boundaries. The implemented active inference principle chooses actions by aiming at minimizing expected future uncertainty. We train our system on multiple object-manipulation events. As a result, the generation of goal-anticipatory gaze shifts emerges while learning about object manipulations: the model starts fixating the inferred goal already at the start of an observed event after having sampled some experience with possible events and when a familiar agent (i.e., a hand) is involved. Meanwhile, the model keeps reactively tracking an unfamiliar agent (i.e., a mechanical claw) that is performing the same movement. We qualitatively compare these modeling results to behavioral data of infants and conclude that event-predictive learning combined with active inference may be critical for eliciting goal-anticipatory gaze behavior in infants.}, language = {en} } @article{ArkesAbereggArpin2022, author = {Arkes, Hal R. and Aberegg, Scott K. and Arpin, Kevin A.}, title = {Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events}, series = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association}, volume = {5}, journal = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association}, address = {Chicago}, issn = {2574-3805}, doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {IMPORTANCE The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. EXPOSURES Case scenarios presented in an online survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability. RESULTS Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0\%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1\%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8\% (95\% CI, 9.6\%-16.1\%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8\% (95\% Cl, 16.6\%-23.0\%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0\% (95\% CI, 13.4\%-22.5\%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.}, language = {en} } @article{MioniFischerShaki2021, author = {Mioni, Giovanna and Fischer, Martin H. and Shaki, Samuel}, title = {Heuristics and biases in the mental manipulation of magnitudes}, series = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology / published in association with Experimental Psychology Society}, volume = {74}, journal = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology / published in association with Experimental Psychology Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {SAGE Publishing}, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1177/1747021820967663}, pages = {536 -- 547}, year = {2021}, abstract = {There is a debate about whether and why we overestimate addition and underestimate subtraction results (Operational Momentum or OM effect). Spatial-attentional accounts of OM compete with a model which postulates that OM reflects a weighted combination of multiple arithmetic heuristics and biases (AHAB). This study addressed this debate with the theoretically diagnostic distinction between zero problems (e.g., 3 + 0, 3 - 0) and non-zero problems (e.g., 2 + 1, 4 - 1) because AHAB, in contrast to all other accounts, uniquely predicts reverse OM for the latter problem type. In two tests (line-length production and time production), participants indeed produced shorter lines and under-estimated time intervals in non-zero additions compared with subtractions. This predicted interaction between operation and problem type extends OM to non-spatial magnitudes and highlights the strength of AHAB regarding different problem types and modalities during the mental manipulation of magnitudes. They also suggest that OM reflects methodological details, whereas reverse OM is the more representative behavioural signature of mental arithmetic.}, language = {en} } @article{BoyadzhievaKayhan2021, author = {Boyadzhieva, Asena and Kayhan, Ezgi}, title = {Keeping the breath in mind}, series = {Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation}, volume = {15}, journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-453X}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2021.647579}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.}, language = {en} } @misc{MiklashevskyKulkovaMichirevetal.2021, author = {Miklashevsky, Alex and Kulkova, Elena and Michirev, Alexej and Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A. and Bertonatti, Matias}, title = {Book review on: Raab, Markus: Judgment, decision-making, and embodied choices. - London ; San Diego ; Cambridge, MA ; Oxford: Academic Press, 2020. - xv, 155 pages. - ISBN: 978-0-12-823523-2}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665728}, pages = {2}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @misc{Krahe2021, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Teen dating violence}, series = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, volume = {178}, journal = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, number = {Special Issue: Prevalence and predictors of teen dating violence: a European perspective}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken, New Jersey}, issn = {1534-8687}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20441}, pages = {169 -- 175}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{StoneLagoSchad2021, author = {Stone, Kate and Lago, Sol and Schad, Daniel}, title = {Divergence point analyses of visual world data}, series = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, volume = {24}, journal = {Bilingualism : language and cognition}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1366-7289}, doi = {10.1017/S1366728920000607}, pages = {833 -- 841}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Much work has shown that differences in the timecourse of language processing are central to comparing native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers. However, estimating the onset of experimental effects in timecourse data presents several statistical problems including multiple comparisons and autocorrelation. We compare several approaches to tackling these problems and illustrate them using an L1-L2 visual world eye-tracking dataset. We then present a bootstrapping procedure that allows not only estimation of an effect onset, but also of a temporal confidence interval around this divergence point. We describe how divergence points can be used to demonstrate timecourse differences between speaker groups or between experimental manipulations, two important issues in evaluating L2 processing accounts. We discuss possible extensions of the bootstrapping procedure, including determining divergence points for individual speakers and correlating them with individual factors like L2 exposure and proficiency. Data and an analysis tutorial are available at https://osf.io/exbmk/.}, language = {en} } @article{EiserbeckEngeRabovskyetal.2022, author = {Eiserbeck, Anna and Enge, Alexander and Rabovsky, Milena and Abdel Rahman, Rasha}, title = {Electrophysiological chronometry of graded consciousness during the attentional blink}, series = {Cerebral cortex}, volume = {32}, journal = {Cerebral cortex}, number = {6}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1047-3211}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab289}, pages = {1244 -- 1259}, year = {2022}, abstract = {One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.}, language = {en} } @article{D'AscenzoFischerShakietal.2022, author = {D'Ascenzo, Stefania and Fischer, Martin H. and Shaki, Samuel and Lugli, Luisa}, title = {Number to me, space to you}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {29}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-021-02013-9}, pages = {485 -- 491}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Recent work has shown that number concepts activate both spatial and magnitude representations. According to the social co-representation literature which has shown that participants typically represent task components assigned to others together with their own, we asked whether explicit magnitude meaning and explicit spatial coding must be present in a single mind, or can be distributed across two minds, to generate a spatial-numerical congruency effect. In a shared go/no-go task that eliminated peripheral spatial codes, we assigned explicit magnitude processing to participants and spatial processing to either human or non-human co-agents. The spatial-numerical congruency effect emerged only with human co-agents. We demonstrate an inter-personal level of conceptual congruency between space and number that arises from a shared conceptual representation not contaminated by peripheral spatial codes. Theoretical implications of this finding for numerical cognition are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{AdamGumbschButzetal.2021, author = {Adam, Maurits and Gumbsch, Christian and Butz, Martin V. and Elsner, Birgit}, title = {The impact of action effects on infants' predictive gaze shifts for a non-human grasping action at 7, 11, and 18 months}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695550}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions.}, language = {en} } @article{DeSchrijverFomenkoKraheetal.2022, author = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Fomenko, Elizaveta and Krahe, Barbara and Roelens, Kristien and Vander Beken, Tom and Keygnaert, Ines}, title = {Minority Identity, Othering-Based Stress, and Sexual Violence}, series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, volume = {19}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1661-7827}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph19074221}, pages = {19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Some (minority) groups (MGs) are more vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) exposure than others. Othering-based stress (OBS) may mediate the relationship between minority identification and SV. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SV in different MGs to explore the relationship between minority identification and SV, to investigate whether belonging to multiple MGs moderates this relationship, and to explore OBS SV moderation for different MGs. Method: Through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium, data was collected from 4632 persons, of whom 21.01\% self-identified as belonging to a MG (SI-Minority). SV prevalence was measured using behaviorally specific questions based on the WHO definition of SV. SI-Minority participants received an additional scale on OBS. Results: SI-Minority participants reported more SV victimization compared to the non-minorities. However, this increased risk was not moderated by minority identification but linked to the socio-demographic SV risk markers common to minority individuals. Multiple-minority participants were found more at risk of SV compared to single-minority respondents. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, pan-/omnisexual, asexual, and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) participants were found more at risk than heterosexual participants. OBS was found to be significantly correlated to SV in sexual and gender minorities and in cultural minorities. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact.}, language = {en} } @article{ButkovicGalesic2022, author = {Butkovic, Ana and Galesic, Mirta}, title = {Relationship between COVID-19 threat beliefs and individual differences in demographics, personality, and related beliefs}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831199}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these different types of individual differences to COVID-19 threat beliefs are not known. In this study, a total of 1,700 participants in Croatia (68\% female; age 18-86 years) completed a survey that included questions about COVID-19 risks, questions about related beliefs including vaccination beliefs, trust in the health system, trust in scientists, and trust in the political system, the HEXACO 60 personality inventory, as well as demographic questions about gender, age, chronic diseases, and region. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the proportion of variance explained by demographics, personality, and other related beliefs. All three types of individual differences explained a part of the variance of COVID-19 threat beliefs, with related beliefs explaining the largest part. Personality facets explained a slightly larger amount of variance than personality factors. These results have implications for communication about COVID-19.}, language = {en} } @article{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal.2022, author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Zeissig, Anke and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents}, series = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal}, volume = {24}, journal = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1524-8380}, doi = {10.1177/15248380221108070}, pages = {2598 -- 2615}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (kappa = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.}, language = {en} } @article{ClahsenHansen2012, author = {Clahsen, Harald and Hansen, Detlef}, title = {Profiling linguistic disability in German-speaking children}, series = {Assessing Grammar : the Languages of LARSP}, journal = {Assessing Grammar : the Languages of LARSP}, publisher = {Multilingual Matters}, address = {Bristol}, isbn = {978-1-8476-9639-7}, doi = {10.21832/9781847696397-007}, pages = {77 -- 91}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{AsselmannHolstSpecht2023, author = {Asselmann, Eva and Holst, Elke and Specht, Jule}, title = {Longitudinal bidirectional associations between personality and becoming a leader}, series = {Journal of personality}, volume = {91}, journal = {Journal of personality}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Boston, Mass. [u.a.]}, issn = {0022-3506}, doi = {10.1111/jopy.12719}, pages = {285 -- 298}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Objective Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience? Method Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04\%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader. Results Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem. Conclusions Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzeMerzThieretal.2022, author = {Schulze, Susanne and Merz, Sibille and Thier, Anne and Tallarek, Marie and K{\"o}nig, Franziska and Uhlenbrock, Greta and N{\"u}bling, Matthias and Lincke, Hans-Joachim and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob and Holmberg, Christine}, title = {Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic}, series = {BMC health services research}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC health services research}, number = {1}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {1472-6963}, doi = {10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.}, language = {en} } @article{EkatushabeKwarikundaMuwongeetal.2021, author = {Ekatushabe, Margaret and Kwarikunda, Diana and Muwonge, Charles Magoba and Ssenyonga, Joseph and Schiefele, Ulrich}, title = {Relations between perceived teacher's autonomy support, cognitive appraisals and boredom in physics learning among lower secondary school students}, series = {International journal of STEM education}, volume = {8}, journal = {International journal of STEM education}, number = {1}, publisher = {SpringerOpen}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]}, issn = {2196-7822}, doi = {10.1186/s40594-021-00272-5}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background Boredom during learning activities has the potential of impeding attention, motivation, learning and eventually achievement. Yet, research focusing on its possible antecedents seems to have received less attention especially within the physics domain. Based on assumptions of the Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions (CVTAE), this study aimed at examining gender differences and structural relationships between students' reported perceived teacher autonomy support (PTAS), cognitive appraisals (self-efficacy and task value) and learning-related boredom in physics. A sample of 375 (56\% females) randomly selected 9(th) grade students (mean age = 15.03 years; SD = 1.02) from five secondary schools in Masaka district of Uganda took part in the study. Results Data collected from students' self-reports using standardised instruments revealed that higher levels of PTAS, self-efficacy, and task value were significantly associated with lower levels of boredom during physics learning. Females reported significantly greater task value for learning physics than the males. Self-efficacy (beta = - .10, p < .05) and task value (beta = - .09, p < .01) partially mediated the relationship between PTAS and boredom. PTAS showed significant direct negative contributions to boredom (beta = - .34, p < .001). Conclusion These findings provide support for theory and practice about the importance of promoting autonomy among students by adjusting instructional behaviours among teachers of physics. Teacher autonomy supportive behaviours influence formation of students' beliefs about ability, subjective value and learning-related boredom in physics. Implications and suggestions for further research are also discussed in this paper.}, language = {en} } @article{KawasakiAkamatsuFujiwaraetal.2021, author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Fujiwara, Yoko and Omori, Mika and Sugawara, Masumi and Yamazaki, Yoko and Matsumoto, Satoko and Iwakabe, Shigeru and Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki}, title = {Later chronotype is associated with unhealthful plant-based diet quality in young Japanese women}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {166}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2021.105468}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Having a late chronotype, that is, the tendency to go to sleep and wake up at later hours, influences an individual's physical and mental health. Despite a few studies noting the association of chronotype with healthy dietary patterns, this relationship remains unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the association of chronotype with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality in female Japanese undergraduate students. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants and setting: A total of 218 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Main outcome measures: Healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary index-Japanese version (hPDI-J and uPDIJ), calculated using the validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Statistical analyses performed: A five-model stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Independent variables were hPDI-J and uPDI-J scores, and dependent variables were various lifestyle habits related to the circadian rhythm and demographic characteristics. Results: Mean (standard deviation) sleep duration, midpoint of sleep, sleep latency time, and social jetlag were 411 (60) min, 03:56 (00:57), 21 (27) min, and 50 (39) min, respectively. Chronotype and several variables, such as residential status, energy and alcohol intake, and nutritional knowledge, were associated with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality. Individuals who had higher hPDI-J scores were more likely to have an earlier chronotype (13 = -0.168, P = 0.019) and better nutritional knowledge (13 = 0.164, P = 0.022) than those with lower hPDI-J scores. Individuals were more likely to have higher uPDI-J scores if they were living alone (13 = -0.301, P < 0.001), had a later chronotype (13 = 0.181, P = 0.001), higher frequency of snacking (13 = 0.164, P = 0.019), lower total energy (13 = -0.445, P < 0.001), and worse nutritional knowledge (13 = -0.172, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study provided new evidence as to the relationship between sleep and dietary habits, the interaction of which may affect women's health.}, language = {en} } @article{PanYanLaubrock2020, author = {Pan, Jinger and Yan, Ming and Laubrock, Jochen}, title = {Semantic preview benefit and cost}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {205}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104452}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {How is semantic information in the mental lexicon accessed and selected during reading? Readers process information of both the foveal and parafoveal words. Recent eye-tracking studies hint at bi-phasic lexical activation dynamics, demonstrating that semantically related parafoveal previews can either facilitate, or interfere with lexical processing of target words in comparison to unrelated previews, with the size and direction of the effect depending on exposure time to parafoveal previews. However, evidence to date is only correlational, because exposure time was determined by participants' pre-target fixation durations. Here we experimentally controlled parafoveal preview exposure duration using a combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms. We manipulated preview duration and examined the time course of parafoveal semantic activation during the oral reading of Chinese sentences in three experiments. Semantic previews led to faster lexical access of target words than unrelated previews only when the previews were presented briefly (80 ms in Experiments 1 and 3). Longer exposure time (100 ms or 150 ms) eliminated semantic preview effects, and full preview without duration limit resulted in preview cost, i.e., a reversal of preview benefit. Our results indicate that high-level semantic information can be obtained from parafoveal words and the size and direction of the parafoveal semantic effect depends on the level of lexical activation.}, language = {en} } @article{BertokMeškoSchusteretal.2021, author = {Bertok, Eva and Meško, Gorazd and Schuster, Isabell and Tomaszewska, Paulina}, title = {Physical teen dating violence in high school students in Slovenia}, series = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, volume = {178}, journal = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, editor = {Schuster, Isabell and Tomaszewska, Paulina}, publisher = {Jossey-Bass}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1534-8687}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20436}, pages = {59 -- 77}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Although teen dating violence (TDV) is internationally recognized as a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being, almost no data is available for Slovenian youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of TDV among Slovenian adolescents for the first time. Using data from the SPMAD study (Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency), 330 high school students were asked about physical TDV victimization and perpetration as well as about their dating history, relationship conflicts, peers' antisocial behavior, and informal social control by family and school. A substantial number of female andmale adolescents reported victimization (16.7\% of female and 12.7\% of male respondents) and perpetration (21.1\% of female and 6.0\% of male respondents). Furthermore, the results revealed that lower age at the first relationship, relationship conflicts, and school informal social control were associated with victimization, whereas being female, relationship conflicts, having antisocial peers, and family informal social control were linked to perpetration. Implications of the study findings were discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{RabovskySchadAbdelRahman2021, author = {Rabovsky, Milena and Schad, Daniel and Abdel Rahman, Rasha}, title = {Semantic richness and density effects on language production}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/xlm0000940}, pages = {508 -- 517}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Language production ultimately aims to convey meaning. Yet words differ widely in the richness and density of their semantic representations, and these differences impact conceptual and lexical processes during speech planning. Here, we replicated the recent finding that semantic richness, measured as the number of associated semantic features according to semantic feature production norms, facilitates object naming. In contrast, intercorrelational semantic feature density, measured as the degree of intercorrelation of a concept's features, presumably resulting in the coactivation of closely related concepts, has an inhibitory influence. We replicated the behavioral effects and investigated their relative time course and electrophysiological correlates. Both the facilitatory effect of high semantic richness and the inhibitory influence of high feature density were reflected in an increased posterior positivity starting at about 250 ms, in line with previous reports of posterior positivities in paradigms employing contextual manipulations to induce semantic interference during language production. Furthermore, amplitudes at the same posterior electrode sites were positively correlated with object naming times between about 230 and 380 ms. The observed effects follow naturally from the assumption of conceptual facilitation and simultaneous lexical competition and are difficult to explain by language production theories dismissing lexical competition.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VenturaBortSchneiderWeymar2021, author = {Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Schneider, Paula and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (TAVNS) on interoception}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {58}, booktitle = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass. [u.a.]}, issn = {1469-8986}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.13928}, pages = {S58 -- S58}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{LohseHildebrandtHildebrandt2021, author = {Lohse, Karoline and Hildebrandt, Andrea and Hildebrandt, Frauke}, title = {Hypotheses in adult-child interactions stimulate children's reasoning and verbalizations}, series = {Early childhood research quarterly}, volume = {58}, journal = {Early childhood research quarterly}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0885-2006}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.09.014}, pages = {254 -- 263}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Adult-child interactions can support children's development and are established as predictors of program quality in early childhood settings. However, the linguistic components that constitute positive interactions have not yet been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of hypotheses proposed by adults on children's responses in a dyadic picture-book viewing situation. In 2 experiments, adults' use of hypotheses (e.g., "Maybe this is a dwarf's door") was tested against the use of instructive statements ("This is a dwarf's door") and in combination with open questions ("What do you think, why is the door so small?"). In Experiment 1, hypotheses differed from instructions only by the modal marker "maybe". Children's responses to hypotheses were longer and contained more self-generated explanations as compared to responses to instructions. The use of hypotheses also seemed to encourage children to attach more importance to their own explanations. In Experiment 2, combining hypotheses with open-ended why questions elicited longer responses but no more self-generated explanations in children than openended questions alone. Results indicate that subtle differences in adults' utterances can directly influence children's reasoning and children's contributions to dialogues.}, language = {en} } @article{SpinathElsner2021, author = {Spinath, Birgit and Elsner, Birgit}, title = {How-to f{\"u}r M.Sc. Psychologie-Studieng{\"a}nge}, series = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {72}, journal = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0033-3042}, doi = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000538}, pages = {150 -- 153}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Aufgrund der Neuregelung der Psychotherapieausbildung d{\"u}rften derzeit an fast allen Psychologie-Ausbildungsstandorten die Beratungen {\"u}ber zuk{\"u}nftige Masterstudieng{\"a}nge in vollem Gang sein. Da die Ausgestaltung der Studieng{\"a}nge f{\"u}r unser Fach von großer Bedeutung ist, haben DGPs und Fakult{\"a}tentag zahlreiche Empfehlungen gegeben, die dazu beitragen sollen, dass sich das Psychologie-Studium auch zuk{\"u}nftig an geteilten Standards orientiert. Basierend auf Beratungen in der DGPs-Kommission „Studium und Lehre" stellt der vorliegende Beitrag die zentralen Empfehlungen und Ressourcen in {\"u}bersichtlicher Form zusammen und liefert so ein How-to f{\"u}r die Konzeption psychologischer Masterstudieng{\"a}nge. Gleichzeitig werden die wichtigsten Argumente f{\"u}r die Empfehlungen dargelegt.}, language = {de} } @article{KwarikundaSchiefeleSsenyongaetal.2020, author = {Kwarikunda, Diana and Schiefele, Ulrich and Ssenyonga, Joseph and Muwonge, Charles Magoba}, title = {The Relationship between Motivation for, and Interest in, Learning Physics among Lower Secondary School Students in Uganda}, series = {African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education}, volume = {24}, journal = {African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education}, number = {3}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1811-7295}, doi = {10.1080/18117295.2020.1841961}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-605353}, pages = {435 -- 446}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Motivation and interest affect students' learning especially in Physics, a subject learners perceive as abstract. The present study was guided by three objectives: (a) to adapt and validate the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ-II) for the Ugandan context; (b) to examine whether there are significant differences in motivation for learning Physics with respect to students' gender; and (c) to establish the extent to which students' interest predicts their motivation to learn Physics. The sample comprised 374 randomly selected students from five schools in central Uganda who responded to anonymous questionnaires that included scales from the SMQ-II and the Individual Interest Questionnaire. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analyses, t-tests and structural equation modelling in SPSS-25 and Mplus-8. The five-factor model solution of the SMQ-II fitted adequately with the present data, with deletion of one item. The modified SMQ-II exhibited invariant factor loadings and intercepts (i.e. strong measurement invariance) when administered to boys and girls. Furthermore, motivation for learning Physics did not vary with gender. Students' interest was related to motivation for learning Physics. Lastly, although students' interest significantly predicted all motivational constructs, we noted considerable predictive strength of interest on students' self-efficacy and self-determination in learning Physics. Implications of these findings for the teaching and learning of Physics at lower secondary school are discussed in the paper.}, language = {en} } @article{WrightWachs2022, author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Adolescents' emotional reactions for not intervening in cyberbullying as moderators in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying and health issues}, series = {Current psychology}, journal = {Current psychology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-022-03773-w}, pages = {19378 -- 19385}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Not much is known about how bystanders' emotional reactions after not intervening in cyberbullying might impact their health issues. Narrowing this gap in the literature, the present study focused on examining the moderating effects of emotional reactions (i.e., guilt, sadness, anger) after not intervening in cyberbullying on the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying bystanding and health issues (i.e., subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm). Participants were 1,067 adolescents between 12 and 15 years old included in this study (M-age = 13.67; 51\% girls). The findings showed a positive association between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 health issues. Guilt moderated the positive relationships among Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding, Time 2 subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-harm. Time 1 sadness also moderated the relationship between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-harm. However, anger did not moderate any of the associations.}, language = {en} } @article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2022, author = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and Maiwald, Lisa Marie and Foral, Annika and K{\"u}hne, Franziska}, title = {Wie erleben Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung ihre Selbsterfahrung?}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {50}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000626}, pages = {78 -- 89}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Self-experiential work is a central component of psychotherapy training. However, research on this matter has not received a lot of attention. Objective: This study explores the conditions and effects of helpful self-experiential work. Method: We interviewed 14 psychotherapists in training using a semistructured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015). Results: Different characteristics were associated with helpful self-experiential work: characteristics of the instructor (e. g., implementation skills), organization, willingness of the trainees to learn, topics and methods applied, and a sustainable working atmosphere. Among the positive effects reported was the promotion of the trainees' interpersonal competencies. Furthermore, we found some side effects and negative impact (e. g.. exhaustion). Conclusions: We were able to extract conditions that can guide the execution of helpful self-experiential work and the effects of self-experiential work from the perspective of the trainees.}, language = {de} } @article{D'AgostiniBurgerFranssenetal.2021, author = {D'Agostini, Martina and Burger, Andreas M. and Franssen, Mathijs and Claes, Nathalie and Weymar, Mathias and Leupoldt, Andreas von and Van Diest, Ilse}, title = {Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on reversal learning, tonic pupil size, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass. [u.a.]}, issn = {1469-8986}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.13885}, pages = {20}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study investigated whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) enhances reversal learning and augments noradrenergic biomarkers (i.e., pupil size, cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase [sAA]). We also explored the effect of taVNS on respiratory rate and cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Seventy-one participants received stimulation of either the cymba concha (taVNS) or the earlobe (sham) of the left ear. After learning a series of cue-outcome associations, the stimulation was applied before and throughout a reversal phase in which cue-outcome associations were changed for some (reversal), but not for other (distractor) cues. Tonic pupil size, salivary cortisol, sAA, respiratory rate, and CVA were assessed at different time points. Contrary to our hypothesis, taVNS was not associated with an overall improvement in performance on the reversal task. Compared to sham, the taVNS group performed worse for distractor than reversal cues. taVNS did not increase tonic pupil size and sAA. Only post hoc analyses indicated that the cortisol decline was steeper in the sham compared to the taVNS group. Exploratory analyses showed that taVNS decreased respiratory rate but did not affect CVA. The weak and unexpected effects found in this study might relate to the lack of parameters optimization for taVNS and invite to further investigate the effect of taVNS on cortisol and respiratory rate.}, language = {en} } @article{KawasakiAkamatsuFujiwaraetal.2021, author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Fujiwara, Yoko and Omori, Mika and Sugawara, Masumi and Yamazaki, Yoko and Matsumoto, Satoko and Iwakabe, Shigeru and Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki}, title = {Is mindful eating sustainable and healthy?}, series = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity}, volume = {26}, journal = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer International Publ.}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1590-1262}, doi = {10.1007/s40519-020-01093-1}, pages = {2183 -- 2199}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mindful eating and nutritional intake, food consumption, and healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns in young Japanese women. Methods: The sample comprised 215 female undergraduates who responded to a two-questionnaire anonymous survey conducted in Tokyo, Japan in 2018 and 2019 from November to December. We measured mindful eating status using the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES) and used Japanese plant-based dietary indices to determine plant-based dietary patterns. Partial correlation analyses were conducted to determine the correlation of mindful eating with energy and nutrient intake, food consumption, and plant-based dietary patterns, after adjusting for demographics and body mass index. Results: Participants with higher sub-scores in "health of the planet" and "awareness and appreciation for food" ate higher quantities of several micronutrients and plant-based foods and were more likely to have a healthful plant-based dietary pattern. They were also less likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. In contrast, participants with higher scores in "non-judgmental awareness" ate less protein, whole grains, and vegetables, and were likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that young Japanese women with normal or lean body weight were more likely to consume healthful plant-based foods when they ate mindfully. Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.}, language = {en} } @article{MarchewkaTomaszewskaSchusteretal.2022, author = {Marchewka, Juliette and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization}, series = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals}, volume = {48}, journal = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Liss}, address = {New York}, issn = {0096-140X}, doi = {10.1002/ab.22043}, pages = {573 -- 582}, year = {2022}, abstract = {From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60\% for women and 75\% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim-perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{WendtMorriss2022, author = {Wendt, Julia and Morriss, Jayne}, title = {An examination of intolerance of uncertainty and contingency instruction on multiple indices during threat acquisition and extinction training}, series = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology}, volume = {177}, journal = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0167-8760}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.005}, pages = {171 -- 178}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) tend to find uncertainty aversive. Prior research has demonstrated that under uncertainty individuals with high IU display difficulties in updating learned threat associations to safety associations. Importantly, recent research has shown that providing contingency instructions about threat and safety contingencies (i.e. reducing uncertainty) to individuals with high IU promotes the updating of learned threat associations to safety associations. Here we aimed to conceptually replicate IU and contingency instruction-based effects by conducting a secondary analysis of self-reported IU, ratings, skin conductance, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training (n = 48). Generally, no significant associations were observed between self-reported IU and differential responding to learned threat and safety cues for any measure during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training. There was some tentative evidence that higher IU was associated with greater ratings of unpleasantness and arousal to the safety cue after the experiment and greater skin conductance response to the safety cue during extinction generally. Potential explanations for these null effects and directions for future research are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{RudolphSchroederAbeSchuetz2020, author = {Rudolph, Almut and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela and Sch{\"u}tz, Astrid}, title = {I like myself, I really do (at least right now)}, series = {European journal of psychological assessment : EJPA}, volume = {36}, journal = {European journal of psychological assessment : EJPA}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1015-5759}, doi = {10.1027/1015-5759/a000501}, pages = {196 -- 206}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In five studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a revised German version of the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES; Heatherton \& Polivy, 1991). In Study 1, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis on the original scale revealed poor model fit and poor construct validity in a student sample that resembled those in the literature; thus, a revised 15-item version was developed (i.e., the SSES-R) and thoroughly validated. Study 2 showed a valid three-factor structure (Performance, Social, and Appearance) and good internal consistency of the SSES-R. Correlations between subscales of trait and state SE empirically supported the scale's construct validity. Temporal stability and intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to naturally occurring events were investigated in Study 3. Intrapersonat sensitivity of the scale to experimentally induced changes in state SE was uncovered in Study 4 via social feedback (acceptance vs. rejection) and performance feedback (positive vs. negative). In Study 5, the scale's interpersonal sensitivity was confirmed by comparing depressed and healthy individuals. Finally, the usefulness of the SSES-R was demonstrated by assessing SE instability as calculated from repeated measures of state SE.}, language = {en} } @article{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022, author = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {2}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264034}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.}, language = {en} } @article{SamaanSauerMuelleretal.2020, author = {Samaan, Mareike and Sauer, Elena and M{\"u}ller, Marie and Fydrich, Thomas and Diefenbacher, Albert and Burian, Ronald and Schade, Christoph and Weck, Florian}, title = {Entwicklung und Validierung von Skalen zur Erfassung der Adh{\"a}renz im transdiagnostischen Gruppensetting f{\"u}r ACT und KVT}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {49}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000566}, pages = {63 -- 71}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Zusammenfassung Theoretischer Hintergrund: Therapeutische Adh{\"a}renz ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung zur Sicherung der Validit{\"a}t von Psychotherapiestudien. Bisher existieren im deutschsprachigen Raum keine Skalen zur Erfassung der Adh{\"a}renz im Bereich der Akzeptanz- und Commitmenttherapie (ACT). Fragestellung: Ziel war es, Skalen zur Erfassung der Adh{\"a}renz von Therapeut_innen f{\"u}r ACT und der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) zu entwickeln und deren G{\"u}tekriterien zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. Methode Die Validierung der Adh{\"a}renzskalen basierte auf n=38 ACT- und n=31 KVT-Gruppentherapiesitzungen zur Behandlung von depressiven und gemischten St{\"o}rungsbildern. Die Adh{\"a}renz wurde durch zwei Rater_innen anhand von Audioaufzeichnungen bewertet. Ergebnisse: Sowohl f{\"u}r die ACT-Adh{\"a}renzskala (ICC=.96) als auch f{\"u}r die KVT-Adh{\"a}renzskala (ICC=.98) konnten hohe Interraterreliabilit{\"a}ten erreicht werden. Die konvergente Validit{\"a}t konnte anhand einer negativen Korrelation zwischen den beiden Skalen sichergestellt werden (r=-.95). Schlussfolgerungen Beide Adh{\"a}renzskalen bieten eine erste M{\"o}glichkeit, um manualgetreues Therapeut_innenverhalten in ACT- und KVT-Gruppentherapien f{\"u}r Patient_innen mit gemischten St{\"o}rungsbildern zu erfassen. Zudem geben die Ergebnisse einen Hinweis darauf, dass sich die beiden Methoden voneinander differenzieren lassen.}, language = {de} } @article{Kayser2023, author = {Kayser, Daniela Niesta}, title = {Lehrkr{\"a}ftegesundheit und Umgang mit Beanspruchungsfolgen im Praxissemester}, series = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)}, journal = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)}, number = {3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-568-2}, issn = {2626-3556}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61864}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618643}, pages = {375 -- 393}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Mit Blick auf den Schuldienst existieren viele Studien zur Arbeitsbelastung und Arbeitsbeanspruchung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Bereits die Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium sind gepr{\"a}gt von zahlreichen Anforderungen f{\"u}r Lehramtsanw{\"a}rter:innen, weshalb Wissen und Kenntnisse um eigene Ressourcen eine erhebliche Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Ressourcennutzung zur Bew{\"a}ltigung der Anforderungen und zur Gesunderhaltung darstellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Gesundheitsbegriff sowie die theoretischen Grundlagen der Ressourcen zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung anhand repr{\"a}sentativer Studien innerhalb sowie außerhalb des Potsdamer Praxissemesters vor. Insbesondere wird sich den Anforderungen im Praxissemester, die durch die Corona-Pandemie gepr{\"a}gt waren, gewidmet. Ziel ist es, angehenden Lehrkr{\"a}ften die wichtigsten Methoden bzw. Strategien der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung zu vermitteln und sie damit zur St{\"a}rkung ihrer eigenen Gesundheit auch in Zeiten erh{\"o}hter Belastung bzw. in Krisenzeiten zu bef{\"a}higen. Erste empirische Ergebnisse aus einer qualitativen Erhebung zeigen, dass die Teilnehmenden in Bezug auf innere Ressourcen die zentrale Rolle von produktiven {\"U}berzeugungssystemen und produktiven Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien betonen. Ein Mentoringprogramm, angelegt analog zur Potsdamer AG der Mentor:innenqualifzierung, k{\"o}nnte dazu dienen, inhaltliche Eckpunkte zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung im Unterricht des Praxissemesters zu verankern und angehende Lehrkr{\"a}fte zu begleiten.}, language = {de} } @article{HettingerLazaridesRubachetal.2021, author = {Hettinger, Katharina and Lazarides, Rebecca and Rubach, Charlott and Schiefele, Ulrich}, title = {Teacher classroom management self-efficacy}, series = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies}, volume = {103}, journal = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0742-051X}, doi = {10.1016/j.tate.2021.103349}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study examined the relations between teacher-reported classroom management self-efficacy, stu-dent-reported teaching quality and students' enjoyment in mathematics. Data were collected from German ninth and tenth-grade students (N = 779) and their teachers (N = 40) at the beginning and the middle of the school year. Multilevel models showed that teachers' self-efficacy at time 1 significantly and positively related to class-level monitoring and relatedness at time 2. Class-level relatedness at time 2 was significantly and positively associated with enjoyment at time 2. Teacher-reported self-efficacy at time 1 was indirectly related to enjoyment at time 2 through relatedness at time 2.}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzSchoellgenWendscheetal.2021, author = {Schulz, Anika D. and Sch{\"o}llgen, Ina and Wendsche, Johannes and Fay, Doris and Wegge, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The dynamics of social stressors and detachment}, series = {International journal of stress management}, volume = {28}, journal = {International journal of stress management}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1072-5245}, doi = {10.1037/str0000216}, pages = {207 -- 219}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study examines the long-term dynamics of social stressors at work, psychological detachment, and their impact on employee well-being. Previous research has shown that social stressors are detrimental for employee well-being and the ability to mentally detach from work. However, longitudinal studies in this field are scarce, and typically, they only explore whether the level of stressors, or of detachment, at a given point in time has an effect on outcomes. That stressors and detachment may change over time, and that this change may have an independent effect in the process, has rarely been taken into consideration. Thus, it is unclear to what extent long-term dynamic effects also play a role in these relations. To address this question, we investigated whether change in detachment explains the long-term indirect relationship of change in perceived social stressors with change in emotional exhaustion and mental well-being. Data were taken from a longitudinal study of N = 246 registered nurses with up to 3 measurements over 1 year. Analyses were conducted with latent difference scores using a proportional change model. Results revealed that a decline in psychological detachment mediated the long-term effects of increases in social stressors at the workplace on subsequent change in emotional exhaustion and mental well-being. Thus, our study provides initial evidence for the underlying long-term dynamic nature of relationships among social stressors, detachment, and employee well-being, highlighting the incremental explanatory power of change in social stressors and in detachment, above and beyond their respective levels, in predicting change in well-being.}, language = {en} } @article{BirkeBondue2022, author = {Birke, Joseph and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca}, title = {From fantasy to reality}, series = {The journal of sex research}, volume = {60}, journal = {The journal of sex research}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {0022-4499}, doi = {10.1080/00224499.2021.2022588}, pages = {558 -- 573}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) have been related to various forms of harmful sexual behavior in both sex offender and community samples. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relation, particularly whether ASF is associated with harmful sexual behavior beyond hostile sexism against women and a sexual preference for violence and sexual violence. In the present study, N = 428 participants (61.9\% women) between 18 and 83 years of age (M = 28.17, SD = 9.7) reported their ASF and hostile sexism. They rated their sexual arousal by erotic, violent, and sexually violent pictures as a direct measure of sexual preference. Response latencies between stimulus presentation and arousal ratings were used as an indirect measure of sexual preference. ASF and the directly and indirectly assessed sexual preference for violent and sexually violent stimuli were positively correlated. They were unrelated to hostile sexism against women. ASF showed the strongest associations with self-reported sexually sadistic behavior and presumably non-consensual sexual sadism beyond these preferences and hostile sexism in the total group and separately among men and women. The findings indicate that ASF and sexual preference are not equivalent constructs and further underscore the potential relevance of ASF for harmful sexual behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{EwertHoffmannSchroederAbe2022, author = {Ewert, Christina and Hoffmann, Cosma Frauke Antonia and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela}, title = {Stress processing mediates the link between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being}, series = {Mindfulness}, volume = {13}, journal = {Mindfulness}, number = {9}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1868-8527}, doi = {10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z}, pages = {2269 -- 2281}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objectives While the positive effects of trait self-compassion on affective well-being are widely known, within-person effects of state self-compassion and underlying mechanisms between state self-compassion and affective well-being have rarely been investigated. The current study aimed at examining whether perceived stress and healthier coping responses are mediators in the relation between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being. Methods A total of 213 participants completed measures of momentary self-compassion, momentary perceived stress, and engagement and disengagement coping responses, as well as affective well-being (i.e., presence of positive and absence of negative affect) via their smartphones. The ambulatory assessment design included three measurements per day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 7 days. Results Multilevel modeling revealed that within-persons, momentary levels of self-compassion were related to momentary levels of stress, coping responses, and affective well-being components. 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses were conducted and demonstrated that, at the within-person level, momentary self-compassion was related to more positive and less negative affect via perceived stress and facilitating healthy coping responses. The within-person relations of the original 1-1-1 multilevel mediation could partially be replicated in an alternative model with momentary self-compassion one occasion prior and positive affect. However, the link between self-compassion one occasion prior and negative affect was only mediated by perceived stress. Conclusions This work helps to understand the processes underlying the adaptive effects of momentary self-compassion on momentary affective well-being on a given occasion. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{FatfoutaHeinze2022, author = {Fatfouta, Ramzi and Heinze, Peter Eric}, title = {Do bigger egos mean bigger presence? Facets of grandiose narcissism and mindfulness}, series = {Current Psychology}, volume = {42}, journal = {Current Psychology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-022-03115-w}, pages = {19795 -- 19807}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{CalvanoWarschburger2022, author = {Calvano, Claudia and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Treatment for pediatric functional abdominal pain}, series = {Journal of pediatric psychology}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of pediatric psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0146-8693}, doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsac011}, pages = {483 -- 496}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective While cross-sectional studies underline that child and parent factors in pediatric chronic pain are reciprocally related, so far, little is known on their prospective relationship, especially in treatment contexts. This study aims to analyze directions of influence between child and parental outcomes using data from an intervention study. Methods The sample covered 109 families with children aged 7-13 years diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Child outcomes included pain and impairment, and parental outcomes covered caregiver-specific distress including both parental personal time burden (i.e., less time available for personal needs) and emotional burden due to child's pain (i.e., increased worries). Cross-lagged panel analyses examined the directions of the relations between child and parental outcomes across time (pretreatment T1, post-treatment T2, and 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up T3/T4). Results First, a significant improvement over time in all measures was observed. Cross-lagged effects were found for less parental personal time burden at T2, predicting both less pain (beta = -0.254, p = .004) and less impairment (beta = -0.150, p = .039) at T3. Higher baseline pain was predictive for higher parental emotional burden after treatment (beta = -0.130, p = .049) and, reversely, for less emotional burden at 12-month follow-up (beta = 0.261, p = .004). Conclusions Addressing parental personal time burden in FAP treatment might possibly support the improvement on the child level. Replication of results in larger samples is warranted to gain more insight into the directions of influence and, in that way, to optimize treatment for pediatric FAP.}, language = {en} } @article{StoneVasishthvonderMalsburg2022, author = {Stone, Kate and Vasishth, Shravan and von der Malsburg, Titus Raban}, title = {Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {17}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {8}, publisher = {PLOS}, address = {San Francisco, California, US}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267813}, pages = {25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed [...] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music [...] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1 mu Vfor the N400 and larger than 3 mu V for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Foerstner2023, author = {F{\"o}rstner, Bernd Rainer}, title = {Transdiagnostic assessment of mental disorders using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach: relationship to disease severity}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-61115}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611150}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Traditionally, mental disorders have been identified based on specific symptoms and standardized diagnostic systems such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10. However, these symptom-based definitions may only partially represent neurobiological and behavioral research findings, which could impede the development of targeted treatments. A transdiagnostic approach to mental health research, such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, maps resilience and broader aspects of mental health to associated components. By investigating mental disorders in a transnosological way, we can better understand disease patterns and their distinguishing and common factors, leading to more precise prevention and treatment options. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on (1) the latent domain structure of the RDoC approach in a transnosological sample including healthy controls, (2) its domain associations to disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, and (3) an overview of the scientific results found regarding Positive (PVS) and Negative Valence Systems (NVS) associated with mood and anxiety disorders. The following main results were found: First, the latent RDoC domain structure for PVS and NVS, Cognitive Systems (CS), and Social Processes (SP) could be validated using self-report and behavioral measures in a transnosological sample. Second, we found transdiagnostic and disease-specific associations between those four domains and disease severity in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Third, the scoping review showed a sizable amount of RDoC research conducted on PVS and NVS in mood and anxiety disorders, with research gaps for both domains and specific conditions. In conclusion, the research presented in this dissertation highlights the potential of the transnosological RDoC framework approach in improving our understanding of mental disorders. By exploring the latent RDoC structure and associations with disease severity and disease-specific and transnosological associations for anxiety and depressive disorders, this research provides valuable insights into the full spectrum of psychological functioning. Additionally, this dissertation highlights the need for further research in this area, identifying both RDoC indicators and research gaps. Overall, this dissertation represents an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and the treatment of mental disorders, particularly within the commonly comorbid disease spectrum of mood and anxiety disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{KwarikundaSchiefeleSsenyongaetal.2021, author = {Kwarikunda, Diana and Schiefele, Ulrich and Ssenyonga, Joseph and Muwonge, Charles Magoba}, title = {Secondary school students' motivation profiles for physics learning}, series = {African journal of research in mathematics, science and technology education : official journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education}, volume = {25}, journal = {African journal of research in mathematics, science and technology education : official journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1028-8457}, doi = {10.1080/18117295.2021.1956720}, pages = {197 -- 210}, year = {2021}, abstract = {For efficient and effective pedagogical interventions to address Uganda's alarmingly poor performance in Physics, it is vital to understand students' motivation patterns for Physics learning. Latent profile analysis (LPA)-a person-centred approach-can be used to investigate these motivation patterns. Using a three-step approach to LPA, we sought to answer the following research questions: RQ1, which profiles of secondary school students exist with regards to their motivation for Physics learning; RQ2, are there differences in students' cognitive learning strategies in the identified profiles; and RQ3, does students' gender, attitudes, and individual interest predict membership in these profiles? The sample comprised 934 Grade 9 students from eight secondary schools in Uganda. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires. Six motivational profiles were identified: (i) low-quantity motivation profile (101 students; 10.8\%); (ii) moderate-quantity motivation profile (246 students; 26.3\%); (iii) high-quantity motivation profile (365 students; 39.1\%); (iv) primarily intrinsically motivated profile (60 students, 6.4\%); (v) mostly extrinsically motivated profile (88 students, 9.4\%); and (vi) grade-introjected profile (74 students, 7.9\%). Low-quantity and grade-introjected motivated students mostly used surface learning strategies whilst the high-quantity and primarily intrinsically motivated students used deep learning strategies. Lastly, unlike gender, individual interest and students' attitudes towards Physics learning predicted profile membership. Teachers should provide an interesting autonomous Physics classroom climate and give students clear instructions in self-reliant behaviours that promote intrinsic motivation.}, language = {en} } @article{JuangSchachnerPevecZimmeretal.2020, author = {Juang, Linda P. and Schachner, Maja Katharina and Pevec-Zimmer, Sharleen and Moffitt, Ursula Elinor}, title = {The Identity Project intervention in Germany}, series = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, volume = {173}, journal = {New directions for child and adolescent development}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1534-8687}, doi = {10.1002/cad.20379}, pages = {65 -- 82}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We examined whether German adolescents who participated in an adapted 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, reported greater changes in heritage and global identities and perceptions of classroom cultural climate. We used a longitudinal, wait-list control design pooling eight classrooms across the school years of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The sample included 195 seventh graders (M-age = 12.35 years, SD =.79, 39\% female, 83\% of migration background). Findings showed moderate support for more heritage identity exploration and greater perceptions of unequal treatment and critical consciousness climate in the intervention group. There were also important differences across conditions regarding how identity and climate related to adolescent outcomes. We conclude that the Identity Project can be adapted and applied in other cultural contexts such as Germany. It provides a necessary space for adolescents to engage in discussions about diversity, cultural heritage, social inequities, and their relevance to one's identities.}, language = {en} } @article{WeymarZaehle2021, author = {Weymar, Mathias and Z{\"a}hle, Tino}, title = {Editorial: New frontiers in noninvasive brain stimulation}, series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694723}, pages = {2}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{SchadBetancourtVasishth2021, author = {Schad, Daniel and Betancourt, Michael and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Toward a principled Bayesian workflow in cognitive science}, series = {Psychological methods}, volume = {26}, journal = {Psychological methods}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1082-989X}, doi = {10.1037/met0000275}, pages = {103 -- 126}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Experiments in research on memory, language, and in other areas of cognitive science are increasingly being analyzed using Bayesian methods. This has been facilitated by the development of probabilistic programming languages such as Stan, and easily accessible front-end packages such as brms. The utility of Bayesian methods, however, ultimately depends on the relevance of the Bayesian model, in particular whether or not it accurately captures the structure of the data and the data analyst's domain expertise. Even with powerful software, the analyst is responsible for verifying the utility of their model. To demonstrate this point, we introduce a principled Bayesian workflow (Betancourt, 2018) to cognitive science. Using a concrete working example, we describe basic questions one should ask about the model: prior predictive checks, computational faithfulness, model sensitivity, and posterior predictive checks. The running example for demonstrating the workflow is data on reading times with a linguistic manipulation of object versus subject relative clause sentences. This principled Bayesian workflow also demonstrates how to use domain knowledge to inform prior distributions. It provides guidelines and checks for valid data analysis, avoiding overfitting complex models to noise, and capturing relevant data structure in a probabilistic model. Given the increasing use of Bayesian methods, we aim to discuss how these methods can be properly employed to obtain robust answers to scientific questions.}, language = {en} } @article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022, author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys}, series = {Journal of media psychology}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of media psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber Publ. [u.a.]}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1864-1105}, doi = {10.1027/1864-1105/a000296}, pages = {55 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13-18 years from Germany (N = 300, 61\% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{SchadVasishth2022, author = {Schad, Daniel and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {The posterior probability of a null hypothesis given a statistically significant result}, series = {The quantitative methods for psychology}, volume = {18}, journal = {The quantitative methods for psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {University of Montreal, Department of Psychology}, address = {Montreal}, issn = {1913-4126}, doi = {10.20982/tqmp.18.2.p011}, pages = {130 -- 141}, year = {2022}, abstract = {When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significant result lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless for various reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relax certain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show in a step-by-step guide that the intuitively appealing belief, that Prob(H0) is low when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in general incorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) type-I error rate, (c) type-II error rate, and (d) replication of a result. Through step-by-step simulations using open-source code in the R System of Statistical Computing, we show that uncertainty about the null hypothesis being true often remains high despite a significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app (https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/). We expect that this tutorial will help researchers better understand and judge results from null hypothesis significance tests.}, language = {en} } @article{FelisattiAagtenMurphyLaubrocketal.2020, author = {Felisatti, Arianna and Aagten-Murphy, David and Laubrock, Jochen and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {The brain's asymmetric frequency tuning}, series = {Symmetry / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, volume = {12}, journal = {Symmetry / Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-8994}, doi = {10.3390/sym12122083}, pages = {25}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To construct a coherent multi-modal percept, vertebrate brains extract low-level features (such as spatial and temporal frequencies) from incoming sensory signals. However, because frequency processing is lateralized with the right hemisphere favouring low frequencies while the left favours higher frequencies, this introduces asymmetries between the hemispheres. Here, we describe how this lateralization shapes the development of several cognitive domains, ranging from visuo-spatial and numerical cognition to language, social cognition, and even aesthetic appreciation, and leads to the emergence of asymmetries in behaviour. We discuss the neuropsychological and educational implications of these emergent asymmetries and suggest future research approaches.}, language = {en} } @article{ElsnerAdam2021, author = {Elsner, Birgit and Adam, Maurits}, title = {Infants' goal prediction for simple action events}, series = {Topics in cognitive science / Cognitive Science Society}, volume = {13}, journal = {Topics in cognitive science / Cognitive Science Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1756-8765}, doi = {10.1111/tops.12494}, pages = {45 -- 62}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Looking times and gaze behavior indicate that infants can predict the goal state of an observed simple action event (e.g., object-directed grasping) already in the first year of life. The present paper mainly focuses on infants' predictive gaze-shifts toward the goal of an ongoing action. For this, infants need to generate a forward model of the to-be-obtained goal state and to disengage their gaze from the moving agent at a time when information about the action event is still incomplete. By about 6 months of age, infants show goal-predictive gaze-shifts, but mainly for familiar actions that they can perform themselves (e.g., grasping) and for familiar agents (e.g., a human hand). Therefore, some theoretical models have highlighted close relations between infants' ability for action-goal prediction and their motor development and/or emerging action experience. Recent research indicates that infants can also predict action goals of familiar simple actions performed by non-human agents (e.g., object-directed grasping by a mechanical claw) when these agents display agency cues, such as self-propelled movement, equifinality of goal approach, or production of a salient action effect. This paper provides a review on relevant findings and theoretical models, and proposes that the impacts of action experience and of agency cues can be explained from an action-event perspective. In particular, infants' goal-predictive gaze-shifts are seen as resulting from an interplay between bottom-up processing of perceptual information and top-down influences exerted by event schemata that store information about previously executed or observed actions.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandtBeckerTetzneretal.2018, author = {Brandt, Naemi D. and Becker, Michael and Tetzner, Julia and Brunner, Martin and Kuhl, Poldi and Maaz, Kai}, title = {Personality across the lifespan exploring measurement invariance of a short Big Five Inventory from ages 11 to 84}, series = {European journal of psychological assessment}, volume = {36}, journal = {European journal of psychological assessment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1015-5759}, doi = {10.1027/1015-5759/a000490}, pages = {162 -- 173}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Personality is a relevant predictor for important life outcomes across the entire lifespan. Although previous studies have suggested the comparability of the measurement of the Big Five personality traits across adulthood, the generalizability to childhood is largely unknown. The present study investigated the structure of the Big Five personality traits assessed with the Big Five Inventory-SOEP Version (BFI-S; SOEP = Socio-Economic Panel) across a broad age range spanning 11-84 years. We used two samples of N = 1,090 children (52\% female, M-age = 11.87) and N = 18,789 adults (53\% female, M-age = 51.09), estimating a multigroup CFA analysis across four age groups (late childhood: 11-14 years; early adulthood: 17-30 years; middle adulthood: 31-60 years; late adulthood: 61-84 years). Our results indicated the comparability of the personality trait metric in terms of general factor structure, loading patterns, and the majority of intercepts across all age groups. Therefore, the findings suggest both a reliable assessment of the Big Five personality traits with the BFI-S even in late childhood and a vastly comparable metric across age groups.}, language = {en} } @article{TsengLaubrockBateman2021, author = {Tseng, Chiao-I and Laubrock, Jochen and Bateman, John A.}, title = {The impact of multimodal cohesion on attention and interpretation in film}, series = {Discourse, context \& media}, volume = {44}, journal = {Discourse, context \& media}, publisher = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {2211-6958}, doi = {10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100544}, pages = {15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article presents results of an exploratory investigation combining multimodal cohesion analysis and eye-tracking studies. Multimodal cohesion, as a tool of multimodal discourse analysis, goes beyond lin-guistic cohesive mechanisms to enable the construction of cross-modal discourse structures that system-atically relate technical details of audio, visual and verbal modalities. Patterns of multimodal cohesion from these discourse structures were used to design eye-tracking experiments and questionnaires in order to empirically investigate how auditory and visual cohesive cues affect attention and comprehen-sion. We argue that the cross-modal structures of cohesion revealed by our method offer a strong methodology for addressing empirical questions concerning viewers' comprehension of narrative settings and the comparative salience of visual, verbal and audio cues. Analyses are presented of the beginning of Hitchcock's The Birds (1963) and a sketch from Monty Python filmed in 1971. Our approach balances the narrative-based issue of how narrative elements in film guide meaning interpretation and the recipient -based question of where a film viewer's attention is directed during viewing and how this affects comprehension.}, language = {en} } @article{GamezGuadixWachsWright2020, author = {Gamez-Guadix, Manuel and Wachs, Sebastian and Wright, Michelle F.}, title = {"Haters back off!" psychometric properties of the coping with cyberhate questionnaire and relationship with well-being in Spanish adolescents}, series = {Psicothema}, volume = {32}, journal = {Psicothema}, number = {4}, publisher = {Colegio oficial de psicologos de asturias}, address = {Oviedo}, issn = {0214-9915}, doi = {10.7334/psicothema2020.219}, pages = {567 -- 574}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Cyberhate is a growing form of online aggression against a person or a group based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or disability. The present study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire, the prevalence of coping strategies in Spanish adolescents, differences in coping strategies based in sex, age, and victim status, and the association between coping with cyberhate and adolescents' mental well-being. Method: The sample consisted of 1,005 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (Mage = 14.28 years, SD = 1.63; 51.9\% girls) who completed self-report measures on coping strategies, victimization status, and mental well-being. Results: The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure for the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire composed of six factors, namely Distal advice, Assertiveness, Helplessness/Selfblame, Close support, Technical coping, and Retaliation. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The three most frequently endorsed coping strategies were Technical coping, Close support, and Assertiveness. In addition, lower Helplessness/Self-blame, and higher Close-support, Assertiveness, and Distal advice were significantly related to adolescents' better mental well-being. Conclusion: Prevention programs that educate adolescents about how to deal with cyberhate are needed.}, language = {en} } @article{MuschallaHenningHaakeetal.2018, author = {Muschalla, Beate and Henning, Anne and Haake, Tim Woody and Cornetz, Kathrin and Olbrich, Dieter}, title = {Mental health problem or workplace problem or something else}, series = {Disability and rehabilitation : an international, multidisciplinary journal}, volume = {42}, journal = {Disability and rehabilitation : an international, multidisciplinary journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0963-8288}, doi = {10.1080/09638288.2018.1501099}, pages = {502 -- 509}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Purpose: Work perception is an important predictor for work ability and, therefore, of interest for rehabilitation. Until now it is unclear to which extent different psychological aspects explain work perception. This study investigates in which way workplace problems on the one hand, and mental health and coping on the other hand, contribute to work perception. Methods: A heterogeneous sample of 384 persons in working age with and without mental health problems was recruited. Participants gave self-reports on workplace problems, mental health problems, work-coping, work-anxiety, and work perception. Results: Persons with mental health problems and workplace problems (M + W) perceive the highest degree of work demands, followed by persons with workplace problems but without mental health problems (NM + W). Work-anxiety appeared as the strongest factor explaining perception of high work demands, whereas general mental health problems did not contribute significantly to variance explanation. Conclusions: Persons with specific mental health problems in terms of work-anxiety may be expected to perceive higher work demands. They may be detected when asking for work perception, e.g., within the frame of return-to-work interventions in rehabilitation, or in occupational health settings by mental hazard analysis.}, language = {en} } @article{HoferichterKulakowHufenbach2021, author = {Hoferichter, Frances and Kulakow, Stefan and Hufenbach, Miriam Catrin}, title = {Support from parents, peers, and teachers is differently associated with middle school students' well-being}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758226}, pages = {12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Parents, peers, and teachers provide a powerful context for school students' well-being. However, a detailed and systematic analysis of how parental, peer, and teacher support relate to students' well-being, measured by the dimensions self-worth, psychological and physical well-being, is still missing. To address this research gap, the following study investigates 733 adolescent German students from grades 7 and 8 (M-age = 13.97, SD = 0.41, 52\% girls) with respect to their perceived supportive relationships at home and within the school context. The study considers gender, socioeconomic status, and school form as potential confounders. The results of the structural equation model, analyzed with the statistical software R, indicate that perceived teacher support was positively related to students' self-worth and physical well-being, while peer support was related to psychological well-being. Students who perceived their parents as supportive reported higher well-being with respect to all three dimensions investigated.}, language = {en} } @article{VenturaBortDolcosWendtetal.2017, author = {Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Dolcos, Florin and Wendt, Julia and Wirkner, Janine and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Item and source memory for emotional associates is mediated by different retrieval processes}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {145}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.015}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Recent event-related potential (ERP) data showed that neutral objects encoded in emotional background pictures were better remembered than objects encoded in neutral contexts, when recognition memory was tested one week later. In the present study, we investigated whether this long-term memory advantage for items is also associated with correct memory for contextual source details. Furthermore, we were interested in the possibly dissociable contribution of familiarity and recollection processes (using a Remember/Know procedure). The results revealed that item memory performance was mainly driven by the subjective experience of familiarity, irrespective of whether the objects were previously encoded in emotional or neutral contexts. Correct source memory for the associated background picture, however, was driven by recollection and enhanced when the content was emotional. In ERPs, correctly recognized old objects evoked frontal ERP Old/New effects (300-500 ms), irrespective of context category. As in our previous study (Ventura-Bort et al., 2016b), retrieval for objects from emotional contexts was associated with larger parietal Old/New differences (600-800 ms), indicating stronger involvement of recollection. Thus, the results suggest a stronger contribution of recollection-based retrieval to item and contextual background source memory for neutral information associated with an emotional event.}, language = {en} } @article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2021, author = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and K{\"u}hne, Franziska}, title = {Assessment of counseling self-efficacy}, series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780088}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Many authors regard counseling self-efficacy (CSE) as important in therapist development and training. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales-Revised (CASES-R). Method: The sample consisted of 670 German psychotherapy trainees, who completed an online survey. We examined the factor structure by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to the instrument as a whole. Results: A bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling model with one general and five specific factors provided the best fit to the data. Omega hierarchical coefficients indicated optimal reliability for the general factor, acceptable reliability for the Action Skills-Revised (AS-R) factor, and insufficient estimates for the remaining factors. The CASES-R scales yielded significant correlations with related measures, but also with therapeutic orientations. Conclusion: We found support for the reliability and validity of the German CASES-R. However, the subdomains (except AS-R) should be interpreted with caution, and we do not recommend the CASES-R for comparisons between psychotherapeutic orientations.}, language = {en} } @article{FelisattiFischerKulkovaetal.2021, author = {Felisatti, Arianna and Fischer, Martin H. and Kulkova, Elena and K{\"u}hne, Katharina and Michirev, Alexej}, title = {Separation/connection procedures}, series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, volume = {44}, journal = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {1469-1825}, doi = {10.1017/S0140525X20000461}, pages = {2}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Lee and Schwarz (L\&S) suggest that separation is the grounded procedure underlying cleansing effects in different psychological domains. Here, we interpret L\&S's account from a hierarchical view of cognition that considers the influence of physical properties and sensorimotor constraints on mental representations. This approach allows theoretical integration and generalization of L\&S's account to the domain of formal quantitative reasoning.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ewert2023, author = {Ewert, Christina}, title = {The role of self-compassion in effective stress processing}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60748}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607486}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {193}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Background: The concept self-compassion (SC), a special way of being compassionate with oneself while dealing with stressful life circumstances, has attracted increasing attention in research over the past two decades. Research has already shown that SC has beneficial effects on affective well-being and other mental health outcomes. However, little is known in which ways SC might facilitate our affective well-being in stressful situations. Hence, a central concern of this dissertation was to focus on the question which underlying processes might influence the link between SC and affective well-being. Two established components in stress processing, which might also play an important role in this context, could be the amount of experienced stress and the way of coping with a stressor. Thus, using a multi-method approach, this dissertation aimed at finding to which extent SC might help to alleviate the experienced stress and promotes the use of more salutary coping, while dealing with stressful circumstances. These processes might ultimately help improve one's affective well-being. Derived from that, it was hypothesized that more SC is linked to less perceived stress and intensified use of salutary coping responses. Additionally, it was suggested that perceived stress and coping mediate the relation between SC and affective well-being. Method: The research questions were targeted in three single studies and one meta-study. To test my assumptions about the relations of SC and coping in particular, a systematic literature search was conducted resulting in k = 136 samples with an overall sample size of N = 38,913. To integrate the z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients, random-effects models were calculated. All hypotheses were tested with a three-wave cross-lagged design in two short-term longitudinal online studies assessing SC, perceived stress and coping responses in all waves. The first study explored the assumptions in a student sample (N = 684) with a mean age of 27.91 years over a six-week period, whereas the measurements were implemented in the GESIS Panel (N = 2934) with a mean age of 52.76 years analyzing the hypotheses in a populationbased sample across eight weeks. Finally, an ambulatory assessment study was designed to expand the findings of the longitudinal studies to the intraindividual level. Thus, a sample of 213 participants completed questionnaires of momentary SC, perceived stress, engagement and disengagement coping, and affective well-being on their smartphones three times per day over seven consecutive days. The data was processed using 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses. Results: Results of the meta-analysis indicated that higher SC is significantly associated with more use of engagement coping and less use of disengagement coping. Considering the relations between SC and stress processing variables in all three single studies, cross-lagged paths from the longitudinal data, as well as multilevel modeling paths from the ambulatory assessment data indicated a notable relation between all relevant stress variables. As expected, results showed a significant negative relation between SC and perceived stress and disengagement coping, as well as a positive connection with engagement coping responses at the dispositional and intra-individual level. However, considering the mediational hypothesis, the most promising pathway in the link between SC and affective well-being turned out to be perceived stress in all three studies, while effects of the mediational pathways through coping responses were less robust. Conclusion: Thus, a more self-compassionate attitude and higher momentary SC, when needed in specific situations, can help to engage in effective stress processing. Considering the underlying mechanisms in the link between SC and affective well-being, stress perception in particular seemed to be the most promising candidate for enhancing affective well-being at the dispositional and at the intraindividual level. Future research should explore the pathways between SC and affective well-being in specific contexts and samples, and also take into account additional influential factors.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kwarikunda2023, author = {Kwarikunda, Diana}, title = {Interest, motivation, and learning strategies use during physics learning}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60931}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-609311}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 221}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the developmental dynamics between interest, motivation, and learning strategy use during physics learning. The target population was lower secondary school students from a developing country, given that there is hardly in research that studies the above domain-specific concepts in the context of developing countries. The aim was addressed in four parts. The first part of the study was guided by three objectives: (a) to adapt and validate the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ-II) for the Ugandan context; (b) to examine whether there are significant differences in motivation for learning Physics with respect to students' gender; and (c) to establish the extent to which students' interest predicts their motivation to learn Physics. Being a pilot study, the sample comprised 374 randomly selected students from five schools in central Uganda who responded to anonymous questionnaires that included scales from the SMQ-II and the Individual Interest Questionnaire. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analyses, t-tests and structural equation modelling in SPSS-25 and Mplus-8. The five-factor model solution of the SMQ-II fitted adequately with the study data, with deletion of one item. The modified SMQ-II exhibited invariant factor loadings and intercepts (i.e., strong measurement invariance) when administered to boys and girls. Furthermore, on assessing whether motivation for learning Physics varied with gender, no significant differences were noted. On assessing the predictive effects of individual interest on students' motivation, individual interest significantly predicted all motivational constructs, with stronger predictive strength on students' self-efficacy and self-determination in learning Physics. In the second part whilst using comprised 934 Grade 9 students from eight secondary schools in Uganda, Latent profile analysis (LPA) - a person-centred approach was used to investigate motivation patterns that exist in lower secondary school students during physics learning. A three-step approach to LPA was used to answer three research questions: RQ1, which profiles of secondary school students exist with regards to their motivation for Physics learning; RQ2, are there differences in students' cognitive learning strategies in the identified profiles; and RQ3, does students' gender, attitudes, and individual interest predict membership in these profiles? Six motivational profiles were identified: (i) low-quantity motivation profile (101 students; 10.8\%); (ii) moderate-quantity motivation profile (246 students; 26.3\%); (iii) high-quantity motivation profile (365 students; 39.1\%); (iv) primarily intrinsically motivated profile (60 students,6.4\%); (v) mostly extrinsically motivated profile (88 students, 9.4\%); and (vi) grade-introjected profile (74 students, 7.9\%). Low-quantity and grade introjected motivated students mostly used surface learning strategies whilst the high-quantity and primarily intrinsically motivated students used deep learning strategies. On examining the predictive effect of gender, individual interest, and students' attitudes on the profile membership, unlike gender, individual interest and students' attitudes towards Physics learning strongly predicted profile membership. In the third part of the study, the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender was examined. Data were collected from 576 9th grade student. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students' use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favour of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4 - 2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, whilst higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Lastly, in the fourth part, changes in secondary school students' physics motivation and cognitive learning strategies use during physics learning across time were examined. Two waves of data were collected from initially 954 9th students through to their 10th grade. A three-step approach to Latent transition analysis was used. Generally, students' motivation decreased from 9th to 10th grade. Qualitative students' motivation profiles indicated strong with-in person stability whilst the quantitative profiles were relatively less stable. Mostly, students moved from the high quantity motivation profile to the extrinsically motivated profiles. On the other hand, the cognitive learning strategies use profiles were moderately stable; with higher with-in person stability in the deep-level learner profile. None of the struggling users and surface-level learners transitioned into the deep-level learners' profile. Additionally, students who perceived increased support for autonomy from their teachers had higher membership likelihood into the competent users' profiles whilst those with an increase in individual interest score had higher membership likelihood into the deep-level learner profile.}, language = {en} } @article{MillerSchwarz2021, author = {Miller, Jeff and Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {Delta plots for conflict tasks}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {28}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-021-01900-5}, pages = {1776 -- 1795}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We describe a mathematically simple yet precise model of activation suppression that can explain the negative-going delta plots often observed in standard Simon tasks. The model postulates a race between the identification of the relevant stimulus attribute and the suppression of irrelevant location-based activation, with the irrelevant activation only having an effect if the irrelevant activation is still present at the moment when central processing of the relevant attribute starts. The model can be fitted by maximum likelihood to observed distributions of RTs in congruent and incongruent trials, and it provides good fits to two previously-reported data sets with plausible parameter values. R and MATLAB software for use with the model is provided.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckJungaKliegletal.2021, author = {Weck, Florian and Junga, Yvonne Marie and Kliegl, Reinhold and Hahn, Daniela and Brucker, Katharina and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael}, title = {Effects of competence feedback on therapist competence and patient outcome}, series = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, volume = {89}, journal = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/ccp0000686}, pages = {885 -- 897}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objective: Therapist competence is considered essential for the success of psychotherapy. Feedback is an intervention which has the potential to improve therapist competence. The present study investigated whether competence feedback leads to an improvement of therapist competence and patient outcome. Method: Sixty-seven master-level clinical trainees were randomly assigned to either a competence feedback group (CFG) or a control group (CG). Patients with a diagnosis of major depression (N = 114) were randomly assigned to CFG or CG. Treatment included 20 individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In CFG, therapists received, parallel to the treatment, five competence feedbacks, based on videotaped therapy sessions. Independent raters assessed therapist competence with the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS) and provided the competence feedback. Patient outcome was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire [HAQ]) from both therapist's (HAQ-T) and patient's (HAQ-P) perspective were evaluated after each of the 20 sessions. Results: (a) Therapist competence (CTS) increased significantly more for CFG than CG. (b) Depression (BDI-II) decreased significantly across sessions for both groups, but without evidence for a group-differential benefit for the CFG. (c) Therapeutic alliance (HAQ-T/P) increased significantly across sessions for both groups from both perspectives, but without group differences. (d) There is a positive effect of BDI-II on CTS at the beginning and a negative effect of CTS on BDI-II at the end of therapy. Conclusion: Competence feedback improves therapists' independently rated competence, but there is no evidence that competence feedback in CBT leads to better outcome. What is the public health significance of this article? This study suggests the substantial value of systematic competence feedback for improving therapist competence in the psychotherapy of depression. No significant effect of competence feedback on the reduction of reported depressive symptoms was found.}, language = {en} } @article{HyoenaeHeikkilaeVainioetal.2021, author = {Hy{\"o}n{\"a}, Jukka and Heikkil{\"a}, Timo T. and Vainio, Seppo and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Parafoveal access to word stem during reading}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {208}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104547}, pages = {13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Previous studies (Hyona, Yan, \& Vainio, 2018; Yan et al., 2014) have demonstrated that in morphologically rich languages a word's morphological status is processed parafoveally to be used in modulating saccadic programming in reading. In the present parafoveal preview study conducted in Finnish, we examined the exact nature of this effect by comparing reading of morphologically complex words (a stem + two suffixes) to that of monomorphemic words. In the preview-change condition, the final 3-4 letters were replaced with other letters making the target word a pseudoword; for suffixed words, the word stem remained intact but the suffix information was unavailable; for monomorphemic words, only part of the stem was parafoveally available. Three alternative predictions were put forth. According to the first alternative, the morphological effect in initial fixation location is due to parafoveally perceiving the suffix as a highly frequent letter cluster and then adjusting the saccade program to land closer to the word beginning for suffixed than monomorphemic words. The second alternative, the processing difficulty hypothesis, assumes a morphological complexity effect: suffixed words are more complex than monomorphemic words. Therefore, the attentional window is narrower and the saccade is shorter. The third alternative posits that the effect reflects parafoveal access to the word's stem. The results for the initial fixation location and fixation durations were consistent with the parafoveal stem-access view.}, language = {en} } @article{PanLaubrockYan2020, author = {Pan, Jinger and Laubrock, Jochen and Yan, Ming}, title = {Phonological consistency effects in Chinese sentence reading}, series = {Scientific studies of reading}, volume = {25}, journal = {Scientific studies of reading}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1088-8438}, doi = {10.1080/10888438.2020.1789146}, pages = {335 -- 350}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In two eye-tracking experiments, we investigated the processing of information about phonological consistency of Chinese phonograms during sentence reading. In Experiment 1, we adopted the error disruption paradigm in silent reading and found significant effects of phonological consistency and homophony in the foveal vision, but only in a late processing stage. Adding oral reading to Experiment 2, we found both effects shifted to earlier indices of parafoveal processing. Specifically, low-consistency characters led to a better homophonic foveal recovery effect in Experiment 1 and stronger homophonic preview benefits in Experiment 2. These findings suggest that phonological consistency information can be obtained during sentence reading, and compared to the low-consistency previews the high-consistency previews are processed faster, which leads to greater interference to the recognition of target characters.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Heinze2023, author = {Heinze, Peter Eric}, title = {An exploration of activity and therapist preferences and their predictors in German-speaking samples}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60753}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607534}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2023}, abstract = {According to current definitions of evidence-based practice, patients' preferences play an important role for the psychotherapeutic process and outcomes. However, whereas a significant body of research investigated preferences regarding specific treatments, research on preferred activities or therapist characteristics is rare, investigated heterogeneous aspects with inconclusive results, lacked validated assessment tools, and neglected relevant preferences, their predictors as well as the perspective of mental health professionals. Therefore, the three studies of this dissertation aimed to address the most fundamental drawbacks in current preference research by providing a validated questionnaire, focus efforts on activity and therapist preferences and add preferences of psychotherapy trainees. To this end, Paper I reports the translation and validation of the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preference (C-NIP) in a broad, heterogeneous sample of N = 969 laypeople, resulting in good to acceptable reliabilities and first evidence of validity. However, the original factor structure was not replicated. Paper II assesses activity preferences of psychotherapists in training using the C-NIP and compares them with the initial laypeople sample. There were significant differences between both samples, with trainees preferring a more patient-directed, emotionally intense and confrontational approach than laypeople. CBT trainees preferred a more therapist-directed, present-focused, challenging and less emotional intense approach than psychodynamic or -analytic trainees. Paper III explores therapist preferences and tests predictors for specific preference choices. For most characteristics, more than half of the participants did not have specific preferences. Results pointed towards congruency effects (i.e., preference for similar characteristics), especially for members of marginalized groups. The dissertation provides both researchers and practitioners with a validated questionnaire, shows potentially obstructive differences between patients and therapists and underlines the importance of therapist characteristics for marginalized groups, thereby laying the foundation for future applications and implementations in research and practice.}, language = {en} } @article{HodappGrimm2021, author = {Hodapp, Alice and Grimm, Sabine}, title = {Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences}, series = {European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association}, volume = {53}, journal = {European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0953-816X}, doi = {10.1111/ejn.15123}, pages = {2740 -- 2754}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input - even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns - a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace-related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity-driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event-related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event-related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence-related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern-specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity-related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions.}, language = {en} } @article{WoodShakiFischer2021, author = {Wood, Danielle and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Turn the beat around: Commentary on "Slow and fast beat sequences are represented differently through space" (De Tommaso \& Prpic, 2020, in Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics)}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {83}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-021-02247-8}, pages = {1518 -- 1521}, year = {2021}, abstract = {There has been increasing interest in the spatial mapping of various perceptual and cognitive magnitudes, such as expanding the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect into domains outside of numerical cognition. Recently, De Tommaso and Prpic (Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics, 82, 2765-2773, 2020) reported in this journal that only fast tempos over 104 beats per minute have spatial associations, with more right-sided associations and faster responses for faster tempos. After discussing the role of perceived loudness and possible response strategies, we propose and recommend methodological improvements for further research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schwetlick2023, author = {Schwetlick, Lisa}, title = {Data assimilation for neurocognitive models of eye movement}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59828}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-598280}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 209}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Visual perception is a complex and dynamic process that plays a crucial role in how we perceive and interact with the world. The eyes move in a sequence of saccades and fixations, actively modulating perception by moving different parts of the visual world into focus. Eye movement behavior can therefore offer rich insights into the underlying cognitive mechanisms and decision processes. Computational models in combination with a rigorous statistical framework are critical for advancing our understanding in this field, facilitating the testing of theory-driven predictions and accounting for observed data. In this thesis, I investigate eye movement behavior through the development of two mechanistic, generative, and theory-driven models. The first model is based on experimental research regarding the distribution of attention, particularly around the time of a saccade, and explains statistical characteristics of scan paths. The second model implements a self-avoiding random walk within a confining potential to represent the microscopic fixational drift, which is present even while the eye is at rest, and investigates the relationship to microsaccades. Both models are implemented in a likelihood-based framework, which supports the use of data assimilation methods to perform Bayesian parameter inference at the level of individual participants, analyses of the marginal posteriors of the interpretable parameters, model comparisons, and posterior predictive checks. The application of these methods enables a thorough investigation of individual variability in the space of parameters. Results show that dynamical modeling and the data assimilation framework are highly suitable for eye movement research and, more generally, for cognitive modeling.}, language = {en} } @article{LindborgAndersen2021, author = {Lindborg, Alma and Andersen, Tobias S.}, title = {Bayesian binding and fusion models explain illusion and enhancement effects in audiovisual speech perception}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {16}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {2}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246986}, pages = {18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Speech is perceived with both the ears and the eyes. Adding congruent visual speech improves the perception of a faint auditory speech stimulus, whereas adding incongruent visual speech can alter the perception of the utterance. The latter phenomenon is the case of the McGurk illusion, where an auditory stimulus such as e.g. "ba" dubbed onto a visual stimulus such as "ga" produces the illusion of hearing "da". Bayesian models of multisensory perception suggest that both the enhancement and the illusion case can be described as a two-step process of binding (informed by prior knowledge) and fusion (informed by the information reliability of each sensory cue). However, there is to date no study which has accounted for how they each contribute to audiovisual speech perception. In this study, we expose subjects to both congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech, manipulating the binding and the fusion stages simultaneously. This is done by varying both temporal offset (binding) and auditory and visual signal-to-noise ratio (fusion). We fit two Bayesian models to the behavioural data and show that they can both account for the enhancement effect in congruent audiovisual speech, as well as the McGurk illusion. This modelling approach allows us to disentangle the effects of binding and fusion on behavioural responses. Moreover, we find that these models have greater predictive power than a forced fusion model. This study provides a systematic and quantitative approach to measuring audiovisual integration in the perception of the McGurk illusion as well as congruent audiovisual speech, which we hope will inform future work on audiovisual speech perception.}, language = {en} } @article{VenturaBortWirknerWendtetal.2021, author = {Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wirkner, Janine and Wendt, Julia and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Establishment of emotional memories is mediated by vagal nerve activation}, series = {The journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, volume = {41}, journal = {The journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience}, number = {36}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1529-2401}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2329-20.2021}, pages = {7636 -- 7648}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Emotional memories are better remembered than neutral ones, but the mechanisms leading to this memory bias are not well under-stood in humans yet. Based on animal research, it is suggested that the memory-enhancing effect of emotion is based on central nor-adrenergic release, which is triggered by afferent vagal nerve activation. To test the causal link between vagus nerve activation and emotional memory in humans, we applied continuous noninvasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) during exposure to emotional arousing and neutral scenes and tested subsequent, long-term recognition memory after 1 week. We found that taVNS, compared with sham, increased recollection-based memory performance for emotional, but not neutral, material. These findings were complemented by larger recollection-related brain potentials (parietal ERP Old/New effect) during retrieval of emotional scenes encoded under taVNS, compared with sham. Furthermore, brain potentials recorded during encoding also revealed that taVNS facilitated early attentional discrimination between emotional and neutral scenes. Extending animal research, our behavioral and neu-ral findings confirm a modulatory influence of the vagus nerve in emotional memory formation in humans.}, language = {en} } @article{RaithHaemmerlingKleinetal.2021, author = {Raith, Anna-Marie and H{\"a}mmerling, Marie and Klein, Sabrina and Peitz, Diana and Knaevelsrud, Christine and Zagorscak, Pavle}, title = {Selbstwertf{\"o}rderung in der universellen Pr{\"a}vention von Essst{\"o}rungen}, series = {Psychotherapeut}, volume = {66}, journal = {Psychotherapeut}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {0935-6185}, doi = {10.1007/s00278-021-00515-4}, pages = {275 -- 281}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background Eating disorders are prevalent, often have chronic courses and relapses are frequent even after effective treatment approaches. Therefore, prevention is decisive; however, many of the current prevention programs are resource intensive. Internet-based interventions can represent cost-effective and low threshold alternatives but only few approaches have so far been investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based unaccompanied preventive intervention. Material and methods The intervention was newly developed based on behavior therapeutic techniques and piloted in a group of 200 students using a randomized waiting list control group design. Data on eating disorder-specific pathology (eating disorder examination questionnaire, EDE-Q), self-esteem (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, RSES), and well-being (World Health Organization-five well-being index, WHO-5) were collected before and after the intervention or the waiting period. Data were evaluated based on variance analysis. Results A total of 43\% of participants completed the intervention. Self-esteem increases were stronger in the intervention group in comparison to the waiting control group with large effect sizes (eta(2)(p) p = 0.33). There were no significant differences between the groups for the other variables. Conclusion Unaccompanied online self-help appears to provide a promising approach for improving self-esteem thus contributing to the prevention of eating disorders. Investigations in larger and more heterogeneous groups are necessary in the future to identify possibly present smaller preventive effects.}, language = {de} } @article{HilbertWarschburger2021, author = {Hilbert, Anja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Adipositas - Aktuelle Forschung zu Grundlagen und Therapie}, series = {Psychotherapeut}, volume = {66}, journal = {Psychotherapeut}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {0935-6185}, doi = {10.1007/s00278-020-00479-x}, pages = {1 -- 2}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{ZhouKornherMohnkeetal.2021, author = {Zhou, Yuefang and Kornher, Tristan and Mohnke, Janett and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Tactile interaction with a humanoid robot}, series = {International journal of social robotics}, volume = {13}, journal = {International journal of social robotics}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1875-4791}, doi = {10.1007/s12369-021-00749-x}, pages = {1657 -- 1677}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study investigated how touching and being touched by a humanoid robot affects human physiology, impressions of the interaction, and attitudes towards humanoid robots. 21 healthy adult participants completed a 3 (touch style: touching, being touched, pointing) x 2 (body part: hand vs buttock) within-subject design using a Pepper robot. Skin conductance response (SCR) was measured during each interaction. Perceived impressions of the interaction (i.e., friendliness, comfort, arousal) were measured per questionnaire after each interaction. Participants' demographics and their attitude towards robots were also considered. We found shorter SCR rise times in the being touched compared to the touching condition, possibly reflecting psychological alertness to the unpredictability of robot-initiated contacts. The hand condition had shorter rise times than the buttock condition. Most participants evaluated the hand condition as most friendly and comfortable and the robot-initiated interactions as most arousing. Interacting with Pepper improved attitudes towards robots. Our findings require future studies with larger samples and improved procedures. They have implications for robot design in all domains involving tactile interactions, such as caring and intimacy.}, language = {en} } @article{DolcosKatsumiBogdanetal.2020, author = {Dolcos, Florin and Katsumi, Yuta and Bogdan, Paul C. and Shen, Chen and Jun, Suhnyoung and Buetti, Simona and Lleras, Alejandro and Bost, Kelly Freeman and Weymar, Mathias and Dolcos, Sanda}, title = {The impact of focused attention on subsequent emotional recollection}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {138}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107338}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In his seminal works, Endel Tulving argued that functionally distinct memory systems give rise to subjective experiences of remembering and knowing (i.e., recollection- vs. familiarity-based memory, respectively). Evidence shows that emotion specifically enhances recollection, and this effect is subserved by a synergistic mechanism involving the amygdala (AMY) and hippocampus (HC). In extreme circumstances, however, uncontrolled recollection of highly distressing memories may lead to symptoms of affective disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that can diminish such detrimental effects. Here, we investigated the effects of Focused Attention (FA) on emotional recollection. FA is an emotion regulation strategy that has been proven quite effective in reducing the impact of emotional responses associated with the recollection of distressing autobiographical memories, but its impact during emotional memory encoding is not known. Functional MRI and eye-tracking data were recorded while participants viewed a series of composite negative and neutral images with distinguishable foreground (FG) and background (BG) areas. Participants were instructed to focus either on the FG or BG content of the images and to rate their emotional responses. About 4 days later, participants' memory was assessed using the R/K procedure, to indicate whether they Recollected specific contextual details about the encoded images or the images were just familiar to them - i.e., participants only Knew that they saw the pictures without being able to remember specific contextual details. First, results revealed that FA was successful in decreasing memory for emotional pictures viewed in BG Focus condition, and this effect was driven by recollection-based retrieval. Second, the BG Focus condition was associated with decreased activity in the AMY, HC, and anterior parahippocampal gyrus for subsequently recollected emotional items. Moreover, correlation analyses also showed that reduced activity in these regions predicted greater reduction in emotional recollection following FA. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of FA in mitigating emotional experiences and emotional recollection associated with unpleasant emotional events.}, language = {en} }