@article{MaerkerPelacaniSchroeder2011, author = {Maerker, Michael and Pelacani, Samanta and Schroeder, Boris}, title = {A functional entity approach to predict soil erosion processes in a small Plio-Pleistocene Mediterranean catchment in Northern Chianti, Italy}, series = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, volume = {125}, journal = {Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.022}, pages = {530 -- 540}, year = {2011}, abstract = {In this paper we evaluate different methods to predict soil erosion processes. We derived different layers of predictor variables for the study area in the Northern Chianti, Italy, describing the soil-lithologic complex, land use, and topographic characteristics. For a subcatchment of the Orme River, we mapped erosion processes by interpreting aerial photographs and field observations. These were classified as erosional response units (ERU), i.e. spatial areas of homogeneous erosion processes. The ERU were used as the response variable in the soil erosion modelling process. We applied two models i) bootstrap aggregation (Random Forest: RF), and ii) stochastic gradient boosting (TreeNet: TN) to predict the potential spatial distribution of erosion processes for the entire Orme River catchment. The models are statistically evaluated using training data and a set of performance parameters such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Cohen's Kappa, and pseudo R2. Variable importance and response curves provide further insight into controlling factors of erosion. Both models provided good performance in terms of classification and calibration; however, TN outperformed RF. Similar classes such as active and inactive landslides can be discriminated and well interpreted by considering response curves and relative variable importance. The spatial distribution of the predicted erosion susceptibilities generally follows topographic constraints and is similar for both models. Hence, the model-based delineation of ERU on the basis of soil and terrain information is a valuable tool in geomorphology; it provides insights into factors controlling erosion processes and may allow the extrapolation and prediction of erosion processes in unsurveyed areas.}, language = {en} } @misc{Sorge2011, author = {Sorge, Arndt}, title = {A failure of capitalism the crisis of '08 and the descent into depression}, series = {Socio-economic review}, volume = {9}, journal = {Socio-economic review}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1475-1461}, pages = {169 -- 186}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Reich2011, author = {Reich, Sebastian}, title = {A dynamical systems framework for intermittent data assimilation}, series = {BIT : numerical mathematics ; the leading applied mathematics journal for all computational mathematicians}, volume = {51}, journal = {BIT : numerical mathematics ; the leading applied mathematics journal for all computational mathematicians}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0006-3835}, doi = {10.1007/s10543-010-0302-4}, pages = {235 -- 249}, year = {2011}, abstract = {We consider the problem of discrete time filtering (intermittent data assimilation) for differential equation models and discuss methods for its numerical approximation. The focus is on methods based on ensemble/particle techniques and on the ensemble Kalman filter technique in particular. We summarize as well as extend recent work on continuous ensemble Kalman filter formulations, which provide a concise dynamical systems formulation of the combined dynamics-assimilation problem. Possible extensions to fully nonlinear ensemble/particle based filters are also outlined using the framework of optimal transportation theory.}, language = {en} } @book{WolfCummings2011, author = {Wolf, Hans-Georg and Cummings, Patrick}, title = {A dictionary of Hong Kong English : words from the fragrant harbor}, publisher = {Univ. of Hong Kong}, address = {Hong Kong}, isbn = {988-808330-9}, pages = {275 S.}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{MasanesMueller2011, author = {Masanes, Lluis and M{\"u}ller, Markus P.}, title = {A derivation of quantum theory from physical requirements}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {13}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/13/6/063001}, pages = {29}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Quantum theory (QT) is usually formulated in terms of abstract mathematical postulates involving Hilbert spaces, state vectors and unitary operators. In this paper, we show that the full formalism of QT can instead be derived from five simple physical requirements, based on elementary assumptions regarding preparations, transformations and measurements. This is very similar to the usual formulation of special relativity, where two simple physical requirements-the principles of relativity and light speed invariance-are used to derive the mathematical structure of Minkowski space-time. Our derivation provides insights into the physical origin of the structure of quantum state spaces (including a group-theoretic explanation of the Bloch ball and its three dimensionality) and suggests several natural possibilities to construct consistent modifications of QT.}, language = {en} } @article{SamuelHornDoeringetal.2011, author = {Samuel, Prinson P. and Horn, Sebastian and D{\"o}ring, Alexander and Havelius, Kajsa G. V. and Reschke, Stefan and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haumann, Michael and Schulzke, Carola}, title = {A Crystallographic and Mo K-Edge XAS Study of Molybdenum Oxo Bis-,Mono-, and Non-Dithiolene Complexes - First-Sphere Coordination Geometry and Noninnocence of Ligands}, series = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, journal = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, number = {28}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1434-1948}, doi = {10.1002/ejic.201100331}, pages = {4387 -- 4399}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Ten square-based pyramidal molybdenum complexes with different sulfur donor ligands, that is, a variety of dithiolenes and sulfides, were prepared, which mimic coordination motifs of the molybdenum cofactors of molybdenum-dependent oxidoreductases. The model compounds were investigated by Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and (with one exception) their molecular structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction to derive detailed information on bond lengths and geometries of the first coordination shell of molybdenum. Only small variations in Mo=O and Mo-S bond lengths and their respective coordination angles were observed for all complexes including those containing Mo(CO)(2) or Mo(mu-S)(2)Mo motifs. XAS analysis (edge energy) revealed higher relative oxidation levels in the molybdenum ion in compounds with innocent sulfur-based ligands relative to those in dithiolene complexes, which are known to exhibit noninnocence, that is, donation of substantial electron density from ligand to metal. In addition, longer average Mo-S and Mo=O bonds and consequently lower.(Mo=O) stretching frequencies in the IR spectra were observed for complexes with dithiolene-derived ligands. The results emphasize that the noninnocent character of the dithiolene ligand influences the electronic structure of the model compounds, but does not significantly affect their metal coordination geometry, which is largely determined by the Mo(IV) or (V) ion itself. The latter conclusion also holds for the molybdenum site geometries in the oxidized Mo-VI cofactor of DMSO reductase and the reduced Mo-IV cofactor of arsenite oxidase. The innocent behavior of the dithiolene molybdopterin ligands observed in the enzymes is likely to be related to cofactor-protein interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtStaudeKellingetal.2011, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Staude, Lucia and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe}, title = {A Cross-Metathesis-Conjugate addition route to enantiopure gamma-Butyrolactams and gamma-Lactones from a C-2-Symmetric Precursor}, series = {European journal of organic chemistry}, journal = {European journal of organic chemistry}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1434-193X}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.201001528}, pages = {1721 -- 1727}, year = {2011}, abstract = {A protected derivative of (3R, 4R)-hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-diol, a conveniently accessible C-2-symmetric building block, undergoes single or double cross metathesis with methyl acryl-ate. The cross metathesis products are amenable to stereoselective conjugate addition reactions and can be converted into either gamma-butyrolactones or gamma-lactams.}, language = {en} } @misc{KramerKleinpeter2011, author = {Kramer, Markus and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {A conformational study of N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives utilizing residual dipolar couplings (vol 212, pg 174, 2011)}, series = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, volume = {213}, journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1090-7807}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2011.09.017}, pages = {210 -- 211}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{KramerKleinpeter2011, author = {Kramer, Markus and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {A conformational study of N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives utilizing residual dipolar couplings}, series = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, volume = {212}, journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1090-7807}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmr.2011.06.029}, pages = {174 -- 185}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The conformational analyses of six non-rigid N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) derivatives employing residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and NOEs together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented. Due to internal dynamics we had to consider different conformer ratios existing in solution. The good quality of the correlation between theoretically and experimentally obtained RDCs show the correctness of the calculated conformers even if the ratios derived from the MD simulations do not exactly meet the experimental data. If possible, the results were compared to former published data and commented.}, language = {en} } @article{Sepe2011, author = {Sepe, Franco}, title = {A conclusione degli eccetera}, year = {2011}, language = {it} }