@article{BoeckerSchlierHolzHohmetal.2017,
  author    = {Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Baumeister, Sarah and Wolf, Isabella and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Association between pubertal stage at first drink and neural reward processing in early adulthood},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/adb.12413},
  pages     = {1402 -- 1415},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Puberty is a critical time period during human development. It is characterized by high levels of risk-taking behavior, such as increased alcohol consumption, and is accompanied by various neurobiological changes. Recent studies in animals and humans have revealed that the pubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) significantly impacts drinking behavior in adulthood. Moreover, neuronal alterations of the dopaminergic reward system have been associated with alcohol abuse or addiction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of PSFD on neuronal characteristics of reward processing linked to alcohol-related problems. One hundred sixty-eight healthy young adults from a prospective study covering 25 years participated in a monetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. PSFD was determined according to the age at menarche or Tanner stage of pubertal development, respectively. Alcohol-related problems in early adulthood were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). During reward anticipation, decreased fMRI activation of the frontal cortex and increased preparatory EEG activity (contingent negative variation) occurred with pubertal compared to postpubertal first alcohol intake. Moreover, alcohol-related problems during early adulthood were increased in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners, which was mediated by neuronal activation of the right medial frontal gyrus. At reward delivery, increased fMRI activation of the left caudate and higher feedback-related EEG negativity were detected in pubertal compared to postpubertal beginners. Together with animal findings, these results implicate PSFD as a potential modulator of psychopathology, involving altered reward anticipation. Both PSFD timing and reward processing might thus be potential targets for early prevention and intervention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WyschkonSchulzGallitetal.2017,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Schulz, Franziska and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Moraske, Svenja and Bondue, Rebecca and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000535},
  pages     = {107 -- 122},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen (LRS) {\"u}ber gut 5 Jahre unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das sp{\"a}tere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Sch{\"u}ler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn f{\"u}r das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erf{\"u}llt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe St{\"o}rungspersistenz von knapp 70 \% auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Sch{\"u}ler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zur{\"u}ck. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Sch{\"u}ler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Daf{\"u}r sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Pr{\"a}valenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HohmZohselSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigter Start ins Leben},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000234},
  pages     = {210 -- 220},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Postpartale Depressionen sind h{\"a}ufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ung{\"u}nstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. {\"U}ber die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder M{\"u}tter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives m{\"u}tterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualit{\"a}t der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017,
  author    = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000236},
  pages     = {230 -- 239},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy},
  series = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0165-0327},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059},
  pages     = {155 -- 162},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeiserEsser2017,
  author    = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes?},
  series = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Cognitive Therapy and Research},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0147-5916},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0},
  pages     = {730 -- 744},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In order to clarify further the role of Beck's vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9-18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term "dysfunctional" might therefore only apply to higher levels of the "dysfunctional attitudes" proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserSchmidt2017,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000232},
  pages     = {198 -- 202},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie untersucht die psychische Entwicklung und ihre St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern mit unterschiedlich ausgepr{\"a}gten Risiken mit dem Ziel, Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Verbesserung der Pr{\"a}vention, Fr{\"u}herkennung und Fr{\"u}hbehandlung von psychischen St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern abzuleiten. Dazu begleitet sie eine Kohorte von anfangs 384 Kindern in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Erhebungen fanden in regelm{\"a}ßigen Abst{\"a}nden statt, beginnend im Alter von 3 Monaten, mit 2 Jahren, 4;6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren. Geplant ist eine weitere Erhebung mit ca. 30 Jahren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2017,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Hohm, Erika and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {124},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2},
  pages     = {631 -- 641},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child's temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy-difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children's temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TetznerKlieglKraheetal.2017,
  author    = {Tetzner, Julia and Kliegl, Reinhold and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Developmental problems in adolescence},
  series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0193-3973},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.003},
  pages     = {40 -- 53},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study investigated patterns of developmental problems across depression, aggression, and academic achievement during adolescence, using two measurement points two years apart (N = 1665; age T1: M = 13.14; female = 49.6\%). Latent Profile Analyses and Latent Transition Analyses yielded four main findings: A three-type solution provided the best fit to the data: an asymptomatic type (i.e., low problem scores in all three domains), a depressed type (i.e., high scores in depression), an aggressive type (i.e., high scores in aggression). Profile types were invariant over the two data waves but differed between girls and boys, revealing gender specific patterns of comorbidity. Stabilities over time were high for the asymptomatic type and for types that represented problems in one domain, but moderate for comorbid types. Differences in demographic variables (i.e., age, socio-economic status) and individual characteristics (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional cognitions, cognitive capabilities) predicted profile type memberships and longitudinal transitions between types.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2017,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Cattrell, Anna and Schumann, Gunter and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Buitelaar, Jan and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1749-5016},
  doi       = {10.1093/scan/nsw120},
  pages     = {261 -- 272},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserReichWageneretal.2017,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Reich, Stefanie and Wagener, Nina and H{\"o}sch, Ingrid and Ihle, Wolfgang and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {PoKI: Potsdamer Kinder-Interview f{\"u}r 6- bis 12-J{\"a}hrige},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  pages     = {57},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierJennenSteinmetzetal.2016,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Positive coping styles and perigenual ACC volume: two related mechanisms for conferring resilience?},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1749-5016},
  doi       = {10.1093/scan/nsw005},
  pages     = {813 -- 820},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Stress exposure has been linked to increased rates of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly in females, and has been associated with maladaptive changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is an important brain structure involved in internalizing disorders. Coping styles are important mediators of the stress reaction by establishing homeostasis, and may thus confer resilience to stress-related psychopathology. Anatomical scans were acquired in 181 healthy participants at age 25 years. Positive coping styles were determined using a self-report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire, SVF78) at age 22 years. Adult anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at ages 22, 23 and 25 years with the Young Adult Self-Report. Information on previous internalizing diagnoses was obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years). Positive coping styles were associated with increased ACC volume. ACC volume and positive coping styles predicted anxiety and depression in a sex-dependent manner with increased positive coping and ACC volume being related to lower levels of psychopathology in females, but not in males. These results remained significant when controlled for previous internalizing diagnoses. These findings indicate that positive coping styles and ACC volume are two linked mechanisms, which may serve as protective factors against internalizing disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZohselBaldusSchmidtetal.2016,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Baldus, Christiane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Thomasius, Rainer and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Predicting later problematic cannabis use from psychopathological symptoms during childhood and adolescence: Results of a 25-year longitudinal study},
  series = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches},
  volume    = {163},
  journal   = {Drug and alcohol dependence : an international journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0376-8716},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.012},
  pages     = {251 -- 255},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal substance among adolescents and young adults. Problematic cannabis use is often associated with comorbid psychopathological problems. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the underlying developmental processes connecting externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in childhood and adolescence with problematic cannabis use in young adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. For n = 307 participants, symptom scores of conduct/oppositional defiant disorder, attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and internalizing disorders were available for the periods of childhood (4.5-11 years) and adolescence (15 years). At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was assessed via clinical interview and a self-rating questionnaire. Results: At age 25 years, problematic cannabis use was identified in n = 28 participants (9.1\%). Childhood conduct/oppositional behavior problems were predictive of problematic cannabis use during young adulthood when comorbid symptoms were controlled for. No such effect was found for childhood attention, hyperactivity/impulsivity or internalizing problems. With respect to psychopathological symptoms during adolescence, only attention problems were significantly related to later problematic cannabis use when controlling for comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study highlights the role of conduct/oppositional behavior problems during childhood and attention problems during adolescence in later problematic cannabis use. It sheds more light on the developmental sequence of childhood and adolescence psychopathology and young adult cannabis use, which is a prerequisite for effective prevention approaches. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2016,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Hohmann, Sarah and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Wolf, Isabella and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Plichta, Michael M. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOAx Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression},
  series = {Cerebral cortex},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Cerebral cortex},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Cary},
  issn      = {1047-3211},
  doi       = {10.1093/cercor/bhu249},
  pages     = {904 -- 914},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOAx CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoeseWyschkonMoraskeetal.2016,
  author    = {H{\"o}se, Anna and Wyschkon, Anne and Moraske, Svenja and Eggeling, Marie and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Prevention of dyslexia short-term and intermediate effects of promoting phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence with at-risk preschool children},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\~A}¼r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000456},
  pages     = {377 -- 391},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Objective: This study assesses the short-term and intermediate effects of preschool training stimulating phonological awareness and letter-sound correspondence for children at risk of developing dyslexia. Moreover, we examined whether training reduced the frequency of subsequent dyslexic problems. Method: 25 children at risk of developing dyslexia were trained with Horen, Lauschen, Lernen 1 und 2 (Kuspert \& Schneider, 2008; Plume \& Schneider, 2004) by their kindergarten teachers and were compared with 60 untrained at-risk children. Results:The training revealed a significant short-term effect: The phonological awareness of trained at-risk children increased significantly over that of untrained at-risk children. However, there were no differences in phonological awareness, spelling, and reading ability between the first-graders in the training and control group. Furthermore, reading problems were reduced in the training group. Conclusions: In the future, phonological awareness as well as additional predictors should be included when identifying children vulnerable to developing dyslexia. Moreover, in order to prevent dyslexia, additional prerequisite deficits need to be identified, alleviated, and their effects evaluated.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RauscherKohnKaeseretal.2016,
  author    = {Rauscher, Larissa and Kohn, Juliane and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Mayer, Verena and Kucian, Karin and McCaskey, Ursina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.},
  title     = {Evaluation of a Computer-Based Training Program for Enhancing Arithmetic Skills and Spatial Number Representation in Primary School Children},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00913},
  pages     = {14086 -- 14099},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6-8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmannZohselBuchmannetal.2016,
  author    = {Hohmann, Sarah and Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Interacting effect of MAOA genotype and maternal prenatal smoking on aggressive behavior in young adulthood},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {123},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-016-1582-x},
  pages     = {885 -- 894},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Findings on the etiology of aggressive behavior have provided evidence for an effect both of genetic factors, such as variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, and adverse environmental factors. Recent studies have supported the existence of gene × environment interactions, with early experiences playing a key role. In the present study, the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure, MAOA genotype and their interaction on aggressive behavior during young adulthood were examined. In a sample of 272 young adults (129 males, 143 females) from an epidemiological cohort study, smoking during pregnancy was measured with a standardized parent interview at the offspring's age of 3 months. Aggressive behavior was assessed between the ages of 19 and 25 years using the Young Adult Self-Report. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA 5\&\#8242; untranslated region variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (VNTR). Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025). In contrast, in carriers of the MAOA high-expressing genotype, maternal smoking during pregnancy had no effect on aggressive behavior during young adulthood (n = 20, p = .145). This study extends earlier findings demonstrating an interaction between MAOA genotype and prenatal nicotine exposure on aggressive behavior into young adulthood. The results point to the long-term adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on the offspring's mental health, possibly underlining the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy. According to the nature of the study (particularly sample size and power), analyses are exploratory and results need to be interpreted cautiously.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JungKraheBondueetal.2016,
  author    = {Jung, Janis Moritz and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bondue, Rebecca and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence},
  series = {Applied Developmental Science},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Applied Developmental Science},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1088-8691},
  doi       = {10.1080/10888691.2016.1219228},
  pages     = {74 -- 88},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study from Germany examined the dynamic progression of antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence based on the social interactional model by Patterson, DeBaryshe, and Ramsey. It examined the link between antisocial behavior, social rejection, academic failure, and affiliation with deviant peers in a sample of 1,657 children and youths aged between 6 and 15 years who were studied at three measurement waves (T1 to T3) over a time period of about 5 years. Teachers rated the children on all variables, parents additionally provided ratings of antisocial behavior and social rejection. Latent structural equation modeling yielded the predicted positive paths from antisocial behavior at T1 to social rejection and academic failure at T2. As predicted, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 was positively associated with social rejection and academic failure at the same measurement point. Finally, affiliation with deviant peers at T2 significantly predicted antisocial behavior at T3.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinKruegelRisseetal.2015,
  author    = {Klein, Angela Ines and Kruegel, Andre and Risse, Sarah and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Engbert, Ralf and Pereira, Vera Wannmacher},
  title     = {The processing of pronominal anaphora by children that have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or dyslexia: a study through the analysis of eye movements},
  series = {Letras de hoje},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Letras de hoje},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {PUCRS},
  address   = {Porto Alegre},
  issn      = {0101-3335},
  pages     = {40 -- 48},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The aim of this work was to verify the processing of pronominal anaphora by children that have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or dyslexia. The sample studied consisted of 75 children that speak German, which read two texts of 80 words containing pronominal anaphora. The eye movements of all participants were recorded and, to make sure they were reading with attention, two activities that tested reading comprehension were proposed. Through the analysis of eye movements, specifically the fixations, the data indicate that children with disorders have difficulty to process the pronominal anaphora, especially dyslexic children.},
  language  = {it}
}
@article{ArndtEsserWeirichetal.2015,
  author    = {Arndt, Larissa R. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Weirich, Sebastian and Oelsner, Henriette and Ebersbach, Georg and Bengner, Thomas},
  title     = {Face Memory in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Moderated by Sex and Encoding Duration},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Neuropsychologie},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Neuropsychologie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1016-264X},
  doi       = {10.1024/1016-264X/a000148},
  pages     = {109 -- 120},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {We examined face memory deficits in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) with specific regard to the moderating role of sex and the different memory processes involved. We tested short- and long-term face recognition memory in 18 nonclinical participants and 18 IPD-patients matched for sex, education and age. We varied the duration of item presentation (1, 5, 10s), the time of testing (immediately, 1hr, 24hrs) and the possibility to re-encode items. In accordance with earlier studies, we report face memory deficits in IPD. Moreover, our findings indicate that sex and encoding conditions may be important moderator variables. In contrast to healthy individuals, IPD-patients cannot gain from increasing duration of presentation. Furthermore, our results suggest that I PD leads to face memory deficits in women, only.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinrichBuchmannZohseletal.2015,
  author    = {Heinrich, Angela and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Zohsel, Katrin and Dukal, Helene and Frank, Josef and Treutlein, Jens and Nieratschker, Vanessa and Witt, Stephanie H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Rietschel, Marcella},
  title     = {Alterations of Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Methylation in Externalizing Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence},
  series = {Behavior genetics : an international journal devoted to research in the inheritance of behavior in animals and man},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Behavior genetics : an international journal devoted to research in the inheritance of behavior in animals and man},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0001-8244},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10519-015-9721-y},
  pages     = {529 -- 536},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Epigenetic modulations are a hypothesized link between environmental factors and the development of psychiatric disorders. Research has suggested that patients with depression or bipolar disorder exhibit higher methylation levels in the glucocorticoid receptor gene NR3C1. We aimed to investigate whether NR3C1 methylation changes are similarly associated with externalizing disorders such as aggressive behavior and conduct disorder. NR3C1 exon 1F methylation was analyzed in young adults with a lifetime diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (N = 68) or a depressive disorder (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 124) from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk. The externalizing disorders group had significantly lower NR3C1 methylation levels than the lifetime depressive disorder group (p = 0.009) and healthy controls (p = 0.001) This report of lower methylation levels in NR3C1 in externalizing disorders may indicate a mechanism through which the differential development of externalizing disorders as opposed to depressive disorders might occur.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoustkaZohselBlomeyeretal.2015,
  author    = {Poustka, Luise and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmid, Brigitte and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Hohmann, Sarah and Becker, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Interacting effects of maternal responsiveness, infant regulatory problems and dopamine D4 receptor gene in the development of dysregulation during childhood: A longitudinal analysis},
  series = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychires.2015.08.018},
  pages     = {83 -- 90},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Recent longitudinal studies have indicated that affective and behavioral dysregulation in childhood is associated with an increased risk for various negative outcomes in later life. However, few studies to date have examined early mechanisms preceding dysregulation during early childhood. Aim of this study was to elucidate early mechanisms relating to dysregulation in later life using data from an epidemiological cohort study on the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness was evaluated by trained raters. Infant regulatory problems were assessed on the basis of a parent interview and direct observation by trained raters. At age 8 and 11 years, 290 children (139 males) were rated on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Additionally, participants were genotyped for the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon 3 VNTR polymorphism. A significant three-way interaction between maternal responsiveness, DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems was detected predicting the CBCL-dysregulation profile (CBCL-DP). Carriers of the DRD4 7r allele with regulatory problems at age 3 months showed significantly more behavior problems associated with the CBCL-DP during childhood when exposed to less maternal responsiveness. In contrast, no effect of maternal responsiveness was observed in DRD4 7r carriers without infant regulatory problems and in non-carriers of the DRD4 7r allele. This prospective longitudinal study extends earlier findings regarding the association of the CBCL-DP with early parenting and later psychopathology, introducing both DRD4 genotype and infant regulatory problems as important moderators. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GraefenKohnWyschkonetal.2015,
  author    = {Graefen, Johanna and Kohn, Juliane and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Internalizing problems in children and adolescents with math disability},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie = Journal of psychology},
  volume    = {223},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie = Journal of psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2190-8370},
  doi       = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000207},
  pages     = {93 -- 101},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Research has shown that learning disabilities are associated with internalizing problems in (pre) adolescents. In order to examine this relationship for math disability (MD), math achievement and internalizing problem scores were measured in a representative group of 1,436 (pre) adolescents. MD was defined by a discrepancy between math achievement and IQ. Internalizing problems were measured through a multi-informant (parents, teachers, self-report) approach. The results revealed that MD puts (pre) adolescents at a higher risk for internalizing problems. External and self-ratings differed between boys and girls, indicating that either they show distinct internalizing symptoms or they are being perceived differently by parents and teachers. Results emphasize the importance of both a multi-informant approach and the consideration of gender differences when measuring internalizing symptomatology of children with MD. For an optimal treatment of MD, depressive and anxious symptoms need to be considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmannHohmTreutleinetal.2015,
  author    = {Hohmann, Sarah and Hohm, Erika and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Association of norepinephrine transporter (NET, SLC6A2) genotype with ADHD-related phenotypes: Findings of a longitudinal study from birth to adolescence},
  series = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {226},
  journal   = {Psychiatry research : the official publication of the International Society for Neuroimaging in Psychiatry},
  number    = {2-3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Clare},
  issn      = {0165-1781},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.029},
  pages     = {425 -- 433},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Variation in the gene encoding for the norepinephrine transporter (NET, SLC6A2) has repeatedly been linked with ADHD, although there is some inconsistency regarding the association with specific genes. The variants for which most consistent association has been found are the NET variants rs3785157 and rs28386840. Here, we tested for their association with ADHD diagnosis and ADHD-related phenotypes during development in a longitudinal German community sample. Children were followed from age 4 to age 15, using diagnostic interviews to assess ADHD. Between the ages of 8 and 15 years, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was administered to the primary caregivers. The continuous performance task (CPT) was performed at age 15. Controlling for possible confounders, we found that homozygous carriers of the major A allele of the functional promoter variant rs28386840 displayed a higher rate of ADHD lifetime diagnosis. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the minor T allele of rs3785157 were more likely to develop ADHD and showed higher scores on the CBCL externalizing behavior scales. Additionally, we found that individuals heterozygous for rs3785157 made fewer omission errors in the CPT than homozygotes. This is the first longitudinal study to report associations between specific NET variants and ADHD-related phenotypes during the course of development. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannHohmWittetal.2015,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Hohm, Erika and Witt, Stephanie H. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Role of CNR1 polymorphisms in moderating the effects of psychosocial adversity on impulsivity in adolescents},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {122},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-014-1266-3},
  pages     = {455 -- 463},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Enhanced endocannabinoid signaling has been implicated in typically adolescent behavioral features such as increased risk-taking, impulsivity and novelty seeking. Research investigating the impact of genetic variants in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and of early rearing conditions has demonstrated that both factors contribute to the prediction of impulsivity-related phenotypes. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of an interaction of the two most studied CNR1 polymorphisms rs806379 and rs1049353 with early psychosocial adversity in terms of affecting impulsivity in 15-year-olds from an epidemiological cohort sample followed since birth. In 323 adolescents (170 girls, 153 boys), problems of impulse control and novelty seeking were assessed using parent-report and self-report, respectively. Exposure to early psychosocial adversity was determined in a parent interview conducted at the age of 3 months. The results indicated that impulsivity increased following exposure to early psychosocial adversity, with this increase being dependent on CNR1 genotype. In contrast, while individuals exposed to early adversity scored higher on novelty seeking, no significant impact of genotype or the interaction thereof was detected. This is the first evidence to suggest that the interaction of CNR1 gene variants with the experience of early life adversity may play a role in determining adolescent impulsive behavior. However, given that the reported findings are obtained in a high-risk community sample, results are restricted in terms of interpretation and generalization. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to identify the mediating mechanisms underlying this effect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuhlmannBuergerEsseretal.2015,
  author    = {Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle and B{\"u}rger, Arne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Hammerle, Florian},
  title     = {A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial},
  series = {Trials},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Trials},
  publisher = {BioMed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1745-6215},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13063-014-0533-9},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind). Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial.-square values. Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierHohmetal.2015,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Hohmann, Sarah and Wolf, Isabella and Plichta, Michael M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Poverty on Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume in Adulthood: Results from a Prospective Study Over 25 Years},
  series = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0893-133X},
  doi       = {10.1038/npp.2014.277},
  pages     = {996 -- 1004},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Converging evidence has highlighted the association between poverty and conduct disorder (CD) without specifying neurobiological pathways. Neuroimaging research has emphasized structural and functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as one key mechanism underlying this disorder. The present study aimed to clarify the long-term influence of early poverty on OFC volume and its association with CD symptoms in healthy participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth. At age 25 years, voxel-based morphometry was applied to study brain volume differences. Poverty (0 = non-exposed (N = 134), I = exposed (N = 33)) and smoking during pregnancy were determined using a standardized parent interview, and information on maternal responsiveness was derived from videotaped mother infant interactions at the age of 3 months. CD symptoms were assessed by diagnostic interview from 8 to 19 years of age. Information on life stress was acquired at each assessment and childhood maltreatment was measured using retrospective self-report at the age of 23 years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, parental psychopathology and delinquency, obstetric adversity, parental education, and current poverty. Individuals exposed to early life poverty exhibited a lower OFC volume. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of increased CD symptoms as a consequence of childhood poverty. This effect proved statistically mediated by OFC volume and exposure to life stress and smoking during pregnancy, but not by childhood maltreatment and maternal responsiveness. These findings underline the importance of studying the impact of early life adversity on brain alterations and highlight the need for programs to decrease income-related disparities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueEsser2015,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms},
  series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1018-8827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00787-014-0560-9},
  pages     = {185 -- 198},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Justice sensitivity captures individual differences in the frequency with which injustice is perceived and the intensity of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to it. Persons with ADHD have been reported to show high justice sensitivity, and a recent study provided evidence for this notion in an adult sample. In 1,235 German 10- to 19-year olds, we measured ADHD symptoms, justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective, the frequency of perceptions of injustice, anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and self-esteem. Participants with ADHD symptoms reported significantly higher victim justice sensitivity, more perceptions of injustice, and higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, but significantly lower perpetrator justice sensitivity than controls. In latent path analyses, justice sensitivity as well as rejection sensitivity partially mediated the link between ADHD symptoms and comorbid problems when considered simultaneously. Thus, both justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity may contribute to explaining the emergence and maintenance of problems typically associated with ADHD symptoms, and should therefore be considered in ADHD therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraheBondueHoeseetal.2015,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and H{\"o}se, Anna and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Child Aggression as a Source and a Consequence of Parenting Stress: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study},
  series = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence},
  volume    = {25},
  journal   = {Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1050-8392},
  doi       = {10.1111/jora.12115},
  pages     = {328 -- 339},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This longitudinal study examined the links between child aggression and parenting stress over 4years. Child aggression was hypothesized to contribute to parenting stress, which should increase aggression. Parents and teachers of 239 German children aged between 6 and 15years completed measures of child aggression at Time 1 and Time 3, complemented by children's self-reports of aggression at Time 3. Parents rated their child-focused and parent-focused stress at an intermediate measurement Time 2. Child-focused stress mediated the path from Time 1 to Time 3 aggression in boys and girls, whereas parent-focused stress was unrelated to Time 3 aggression. The findings help to understand the continuity of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence and highlight the need to intervene early with families susceptible to parenting stress.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NikitopoulosZohselBlomeyeretal.2014,
  author    = {Nikitopoulos, Joerg and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Becker, Katja and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence},
  series = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  volume    = {59},
  journal   = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.08.012},
  pages     = {53 -- 59},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannHolzBoeckerSchlieretal.2014,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001},
  pages     = {837 -- 845},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannZohselBlomeyeretal.2014,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Zohsel, Katrin and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Hohmann, Sarah and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Treutlein, Jens and Becker, Katja and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Poustka, Luise and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Interaction between prenatal stress and dopamine D4 receptor genotype in predicting aggression and cortisol levels in young adults},
  series = {Psychopharmacology},
  volume    = {231},
  journal   = {Psychopharmacology},
  number    = {16},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0033-3158},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00213-014-3484-7},
  pages     = {3089 -- 3097},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Considerable evidence suggests that genetic factors combine with environmental influences to impact on the development of aggressive behavior. A genetic variant that has repeatedly been reported to render individuals more sensitive to the presence of adverse experiences, including stress exposure during fetal life, is the seven-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. The present investigation concentrated on the interplay of prenatal maternal stress and DRD4 genotype in predicting self-reported aggression in young adults. As disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system has been discussed as a pathophysiological pathway to aggression, cortisol stress reactivity was additionally examined. As part of an epidemiological cohort study, prenatal maternal stress was assessed by maternal interview 3 months after childbirth. Between the ages of 19 and 23 years, 298 offspring (140 males, 158 females) completed the Young Adult Self-Report to measure aggressive behavior and were genotyped for the DRD4 gene. At 19 years, 219 participants additionally underwent the Trier Social Stress Test to determine cortisol reactivity. Extending earlier findings with respect to childhood antisocial behavior, the results revealed that, under conditions of higher prenatal maternal stress, carriers of the DRD4 seven-repeat allele displayed more aggression in adulthood (p = 0.032). Moreover, the same conditions which seemed to promote aggression were found to predict attenuated cortisol secretion (p = 0.028). This is the first study to indicate a long-term impact of prenatal stress exposure on the cortisol stress response depending on DRD4 genotype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZohselBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2014,
  author    = {Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Mothers' prenatal stress and their children's antisocial outcomes - a moderating role for the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene},
  series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0021-9630},
  doi       = {10.1111/jcpp.12138},
  pages     = {69 -- 76},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {ResultsUnder conditions of elevated prenatal maternal stress, children carrying one or two DRD4 7r alleles were at increased risk of a diagnosis of CD/ODD. Moreover, homozygous carriers of the DRD4 7r allele displayed more externalizing behavior following exposure to higher levels of prenatal maternal stress, while homozygous carriers of the DRD4 4r allele turned out to be insensitive to the effects of prenatal stress. ConclusionsThis study is the first to report a gene-environment interaction related to DRD4 and prenatal maternal stress using data from a prospective study, which extends earlier findings on the impact of prenatal maternal stress with respect to childhood antisocial behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannBlomeyerJennenSteinmetzetal.2013,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Early smoking onset may promise initial pleasurable sensations and later addiction},
  series = {Addiction biology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Addiction biology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1369-1600},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00377.x},
  pages     = {947 -- 954},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {There is converging evidence suggesting a particular susceptibility to the addictive properties of nicotine among adolescents. The aim of the current study was to prospectively ascertain the relationship between age at first cigarette and initial smoking experiences, and to examine the combined effects of these characteristics of adolescent smoking behavior on adult smoking. It was hypothesized that the association between earlier age at first cigarette and later development of nicotine dependence may, at least in part, be attributable to differences in experiencing pleasurable early smoking sensations. Data were drawn from the participants of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study from birth to adulthood. Structured interviews at age 15, 19 and 22 years were conducted to assess the age at first cigarette, early smoking experiences and current smoking behavior in 213 young adults. In addition, the participants completed the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Adolescents who smoked their first cigarette at an earlier age reported more pleasurable sensations from the cigarette, and they were more likely to be regular smokers at age 22. The age at first cigarette also predicted the number of cigarettes smoked and dependence at age 22. Thus, both the age of first cigarette and the pleasure experienced from the cigarette independently predicted aspects of smoking at age 22.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidBuchmannTrautmannVillalbaetal.2013,
  author    = {Schmid, Brigitte and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Maternal stimulation in infancy predicts hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity in young men},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {120},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-013-0970-8},
  pages     = {1247 -- 1257},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Evidence from animal research has demonstrated the effect of early maternal care on the offspring's endocrine and behavioral stress response in adulthood. The present prospective study investigates, in humans, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother-child interaction on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor in adulthood. The data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a 10-min standardized nursing and playing situation and evaluated by trained raters for maternal stimulation and infant and maternal responsiveness. At age 19 years, 270 participants (146 females, 124 males) completed the Trier Social Stress Test. The results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction at age 3 months predicted diminished plasma ACTH and cortisol increase in response to acute psychosocial stress in male, but not female offspring. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was found to be unrelated to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) reactivity. In accordance with the findings from animal research, the present study provides prospective evidence in humans of a long-term association between early maternal interaction behavior and the offspring's hormonal stress response in young adulthood, suggesting that poor maternal stimulation in early infancy may result in reduced HPA axis reactivity to an acute psychosocial stressor in males.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannHellwegRietscheletal.2013,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Hellweg, Rainer and Rietschel, Marcella and Treutlein, Jens and Witt, Stephanie H. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Deuschle, Michael},
  title     = {BDNF Val 66 Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype moderate the impact of early psychosocial adversity on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms - a prospective study},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.09.003},
  pages     = {902 -- 909},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Recent studies have emphasized an important role for neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in regulating the plasticity of neural circuits involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the interplay of the BDNF Val(66)Met and the serotonin transporter promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms in moderating the impact of early-life adversity on BDNF plasma concentration and depressive symptoms. Participants were taken from an epidemiological cohort study following the long-term outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. In 259 individuals (119 males, 140 females), genotyped for the BDNF Val(66)Met and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms, plasma BDNF was assessed at the age of 19 years. In addition, participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Early adversity was determined according to a family adversity index assessed at 3 months of age. Results indicated that individuals homozygous for both the BDNF Val and the 5-HTTLPR L allele showed significantly reduced BDNF levels following exposure to high adversity. In contrast, BDNF levels appeared to be unaffected by early psychosocial adversity in carriers of the BDNF Met or the 5-HTTLPR S allele. While the former group appeared to be most susceptible to depressive symptoms, the impact of early adversity was less pronounced in the latter group. This is the first preliminary evidence indicating that early-life adverse experiences may have lasting sequelae for plasma BDNF levels in humans, highlighting that the susceptibility to this effect is moderated by BDNF Val(66)Met and 5-HTTLPR genotype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2013,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults findings from a longitudinal study},
  series = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0924-977X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.06.002},
  pages     = {358 -- 367},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Accumulating research suggests a moderating role for the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) in the association between childhood adversity and adult depression. The present study aims to replicate recent findings using different genetic variants and measures of early adversity assessed both prospectively and retrospectively. Data were collected in the context of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. 300 participants (137 males, 163 females) were genotyped for four CRHR1 SNPs (rs7209436, rs110402, rs242924, and rs17689882) and completed the Beck Depression Inventory at ages 19, 22 and 23 years. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. Our results indicate that CRHR1 and childhood adversity interacted to predict depressive symptoms in young adults. Specifically, we found that the impact of childhood maltreatment on adult depressive symptoms was significantly higher in individuals (i) with two copies of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype, and (ii) homozygous for the G allele of rs17689882. The interaction was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report, but not to prospectively ascertain objective family adversity. The present study partially replicates recent findings of a CRHR1 by childhood adversity interaction with regard to adult depression highlighting the subjective characteristics of the environmental pathogen that is operative in this interaction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlomeyerBuchmannLascorzetal.2013,
  author    = {Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Lascorz, Jesus and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Desrivieres, Sylvane and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schumann, Gunter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0059136},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposure to severe negative life events is related to both heavy drinking and disturbed circadian rhythmicity. The aim of this study was 1) to extend previous findings suggesting an association of a haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardous drinking. Methods: Data were collected as part of an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rs56013859 and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Life stress was assessed as the number of severe negative life events during the past four years reported in a questionnaire and validated by interview. Results: Individuals with the minor G allele of rs56013859 were found to be less engaged in alcohol use, drinking at only 72\% of the days compared to homozygotes for the major A allele. Moreover, among regular drinkers, a gene x environment interaction emerged (p = .020). While no effects of genotype appeared under conditions of low stress, carriers of the G allele exhibited less hazardous drinking than those homozygous for the A allele when exposed to high stress. Conclusions: These findings may suggest a role of the circadian rhythm gene PER2 in both the drinking patterns of young adults and in moderating the impact of severe life stress on hazardous drinking in experienced alcohol users. However, in light of the likely burden of multiple tests, the nature of the measures used and the nominal evidence of interaction, replication is needed before drawing firm conclusions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KucianKohnHannulaSormunenetal.2012,
  author    = {Kucian, Karin and Kohn, Juliane and Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M. and Richtmann, Verena and Grond, Ursin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.},
  title     = {Kinder mit Dyskalkulie fokussieren spontan weniger auf Anzahligkeit},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{EsserWyschkon2012,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Basisdiagnostik umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen im Vorschulalter : (BUEVA) Version II},
  publisher = {Beltz},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  pages     = {100 S.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{IhleGroenWalteretal.2012,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Groen, Gunter and Walter, Daniel and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Petermann, Franz},
  title     = {Depression},
  series = {Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8017-2381-1},
  pages     = {IX, 162 S.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {G{\"o}the, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children : tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and 1 deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Shmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2012,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Reitschelb, Marcel and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {Goethe, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  series = {Developmental psychology},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Developmental psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0012-1649},
  doi       = {10.1037/a0025660},
  pages     = {459 -- 476},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis},
  series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0021-9630},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x},
  pages     = {351 -- 359},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmannBuchmannWittetal.2012,
  author    = {Hohmann, S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Witt, S. H. and Rietschel, M. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, M. H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Increasing association between a neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism and body mass index during the course of development},
  series = {Pediatric obesity},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Pediatric obesity},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2047-6310},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00069.x},
  pages     = {453 -- 460},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Objective: To investigate the association of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) promoter polymorphism rs16147 with body mass index (BMI) during the course of development from infancy to adulthood. Design: Longitudinal, prospective study of a German community sample. Subjects: n = 306 young adults (139 males, 167 females). Measurements: Participants' body weight and height were assessed at the ages of 3 months and 2, 4.5, 8, 11, 15 and 19 years. NPY rs16147 was genotyped. Results: Controlling for a number of possible confounders, homozygote carriers of the rs16147 C allele exhibited significantly lower BMI scores when compared with individuals carrying the T allele. In addition, a significant genotype by age interaction emerged, indicating that the genotype effect increased during the course of development. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study to report an association between rs16147 and BMI during childhood and adolescence. The finding that this effect increased during the course of development may either be due to age-dependent alterations in gene expression or to maturation processes within the weight regulation circuits of the central nervous system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DaigMahlbergStethinetal.2012,
  author    = {Daig, Isolde and Mahlberg, Richard and Stethin, Julia and Shroeder, Franziska and Wrase, Jana and Knoll, Nina and Bschor, Tom and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Heinz, Andreas and Kienast, Thorsten},
  title     = {Decreased verbal learning but not recognition performance in alcohol-dependent individuals during early abstinence},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-97-6},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Diagnostik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-97-6},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BakhshayeshHaenschWyschkonetal.2011,
  author    = {Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza and H{\"a}nsch, Sylvana and Wyschkon, Anne and Rezai, Mohammad Javad and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Neurofeedback in ADHD : a single-blind randomized controlled trial},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, dcorr = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserBlank2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Blank, Sarah},
  title     = {Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Psychotherapeutic interventions require empirical as well as scientific assessment. Specifically, the proven efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents is essential. Thus, studies examining treatment efficacy and meta- analyses are necessary to compare effect sizes of individual therapeutic interventions between treatment groups and waiting control groups. Assessment of 138 primary studies from 1993-2009 documented the efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Furthermore, behavioural therapy outperformed non-behavioural interventions, as 90 \% of behavioural interventions showed larger effect sizes compared to non-behavioural psychotherapy. Analysis of moderator variables demonstrated an improved treatment efficacy for individual therapy, inclusion of the family, treatment of internalised disorders, and in clinical samples. Stability of psychotherapeutic treatment effects over time was demonstrated.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoltmannBuchmannEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Holtmann, Martin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment : a longitudinal analysis},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Recent studies have identified a Child Behavior Checklist profile that characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation (CBCL-dysregulation profile, CBCL-DP). In two recent longitudinal studies the CBCL-DP in childhood was associated with heightened rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, among them bipolar disorder, an increased risk for suicidality, and marked psychosocial impairment at young-adult follow-up. This is the first study outside the US that examines the longitudinal course of the CBCL-DP. Methods: We studied the diagnostic and functional trajectories and the predictive utility of the CBCL-DP in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. A total of 325 young adults (151 males, 174 females) participated in the 19-year assessment. Results: Young adults with a higher CBCL-DP score in childhood were at increased risk for substance use disorders, suicidality and poorer overall functioning at age 19, even after adjustment for parental education, family income, impairment and psychiatric disorders at baseline. Childhood dysregulation was not related to bipolar disorder in young adulthood. The CBCL-DP was neither a precursor of a specific pattern of comorbidity nor of comorbidity in general. Conclusions: Children with high CBCL-DP values are at risk for later severe, psychiatric symptomatology. The different developmental trajectories suggest that the CBCL-DP is not simply an early manifestation of a single disease process but might rather be an early developmental risk marker of a persisting deficit of self-regulation of affect and behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WittBuchmannBlomeyeretal.2011,
  author    = {Witt, Stephanie H. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Nieratschker, Vanessa and Treutlein, Jens and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Bidlingmaier, Martin and Wiedemann, Klaus and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred and Wuest, Stefan and Zimmermann, Ulrich S.},
  title     = {An interaction between a neuropeptide Y gene polymorphism and early adversity modulates endocrine stress responses},
  series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0306-4530},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.015},
  pages     = {1010 -- 1020},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Interindividual variability in the regulation of the human stress system accounts for a part of the individual's liability to stress-related diseases. These differences are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Early childhood adversity is a well-studied environmental factor affecting an individual's stress response which has been shown to be modulated by gene environment interaction (GxE). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in stress regulation and genetic variation in NPY may influence stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the association of a common variant in the NPY gene promoter, rs16147, with cortisol and ACTH responses to acute psychosocial stress in young adults from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early adversity from birth into adulthood. We found evidence of a GxE interaction between rs16147 and early adversity significantly affecting HPA axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanisms linking early adverse experience and later neuroendocrine stress regulation are modulated by a gene variant whose functional relevance is documented by increasing convergent evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BakhshayeshHaenschWyschkonetal.2011,
  author    = {Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza and H{\"a}nsch, Sylvana and Wyschkon, Anne and Rezai, Mohammad Javad and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Neurofeedback in ADHD a single-blind randomized controlled trial},
  series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1018-8827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00787-011-0208-y},
  pages     = {481 -- 491},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, d(corr) = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LauchtBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2011,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Banaschewski, Tobias and Becker, Katja},
  title     = {Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene},
  series = {Infant mental health journal},
  volume    = {32},
  booktitle = {Infant mental health journal},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0163-9641},
  pages     = {212 -- 212},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study},
  series = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0196-206X},
  doi       = {10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474},
  pages     = {18 -- 26},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PitzerJennenSteinmetzEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Differential susceptibility to environmental influences the role of early temperament and parenting in the development of externalizing problems},
  series = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Comprehensive psychiatry : official journal of the American Psychopathological Association},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Philadelphia},
  issn      = {0010-440X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.10.017},
  pages     = {650 -- 658},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Objective: A difficult or undercontrolled temperament, as well as harsh parental discipline or a lack of warmth, has long been regarded as risk factors for the development of externalizing problems. In addition, it has been suggested that children with difficult temperament are especially susceptible to rearing influences. We investigated the impact of early temperament and parenting and their interactions on externalizing behavior at school age. Methods: Participants were 148 boys and 160 girls from a prospective longitudinal study on a high-risk sample. At ages 3 months and 2 years, temperament was assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. Maternal parenting was assessed by videotaped behavioral observation and a parent questionnaire. Externalizing problems at age 8 years were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Using hierarchical linear regression analyses, we found that externalizing problems were predicted by psychosocial adversity and poor self-control, whereas no main effect for restrictive parenting or maternal empathy was found. Fearful-inhibited boys were positively affected by empathic and sensitive parenting, whereas girls who were low in self-control and/or fearful developed less externalizing problems with restrictive parenting. Conclusion: Our results partly support the differential susceptibility hypothesis. In addition, they point toward gender-specific pathways in the development of externalizing problems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2011,
  author    = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Quality of early mother-child interaction associated with depressive psychopathology in the offspring - a prospective study from infancy to adulthood},
  series = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.010},
  pages     = {1387 -- 1394},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Evidence from animal research has revealed that less maternal care results in disturbed emotionality in the offspring. In the present study, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother child interaction on depressive psychopathology was examined until adulthood. Data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness and stimulation as well as infant responsiveness were evaluated by trained raters. At age 19 years, 314 participants (145 males, 169 females) were characterized on measures of depression through interview and questionnaire. In addition, measures of depression and anxiety were available from assessments in childhood. Results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction was associated with a higher risk of depression in the offspring until the age of 19 years. In addition, children of less stimulating mothers showed more depressive symptoms at age 19 years and displayed more anxiety and depressive symptoms between the ages of 4.5 and 15 years. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was unrelated to children's outcome. In accordance with findings from animal research, the present study provides first longitudinal evidence in humans of a continuous and long-term influence of early maternal interaction behavior on the offspring's psychological adjustment until adulthood. The results suggest that the amount of maternally initiated contact behavior in a very early developmental stage may be crucial for children's mental health, regardless of child and maternal responsiveness.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EsserBlank2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Blank, Sarah},
  title     = {Efficacy of psychotherapy with children and adolescents},
  series = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0032-7034},
  pages     = {626 -- 638},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Efficacy of Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents Psychotherapeutic interventions require empirical as well as scientific assessment. Specifically, the proven efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents is essential. Thus, studies examining treatment efficacy and meta-analyses are necessary to compare effect sizes of individual therapeutic interventions between treatment groups and waiting control groups. Assessment of 138 primary studies from 1993-2009 documented the efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Furthermore, behavioural therapy outperformed non-behavioural interventions, as 90 \% of behavioural interventions showed larger effect sizes compared to non-behavioural psychotherapy. Analysis of moderator variables demonstrated an improved treatment efficacy for individual therapy, inclusion of the family, treatment of internalised disorders, and in clinical samples. Stability of psychotherapeutic treatment effects over time was demonstrated.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoltmannBuchmannEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Holtmann, Martin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment a longitudinal analysis},
  series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0021-9630},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02309.x},
  pages     = {139 -- 147},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent studies have identified a Child Behavior Checklist profile that characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation (CBCL-dysregulation profile, CBCL-DP). In two recent longitudinal studies the CBCL-DP in childhood was associated with heightened rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, among them bipolar disorder, an increased risk for suicidality, and marked psychosocial impairment at young-adult follow-up. This is the first study outside the US that examines the longitudinal course of the CBCL-DP. Methods: We studied the diagnostic and functional trajectories and the predictive utility of the CBCL-DP in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. A total of 325 young adults (151 males, 174 females) participated in the 19-year assessment. Results: Young adults with a higher CBCL-DP score in childhood were at increased risk for substance use disorders, suicidality and poorer overall functioning at age 19, even after adjustment for parental education, family income, impairment and psychiatric disorders at baseline. Childhood dysregulation was not related to bipolar disorder in young adulthood. The CBCL-DP was neither a precursor of a specific pattern of comorbidity nor of comorbidity in general. Conclusions: Children with high CBCL-DP values are at risk for later severe, psychiatric symptomatology. The different developmental trajectories suggest that the CBCL-DP is not simply an early manifestation of a single disease process but might rather be an early developmental risk marker of a persisting deficit of self-regulation of affect and behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-83-9},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Diagnostik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-83-9},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{EsserPetermann2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Petermann, Franz},
  title     = {Entwicklungsdiagnostik},
  series = {Kompendien psychologischer Diagnostik},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Kompendien psychologischer Diagnostik},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8017-2232-6},
  pages     = {169 S.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WittigEsser2010,
  author    = {Wittig, Kirsten and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Erstgespr{\"a}che mit Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-456-84781-8},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{DeimannKastnerKollerEsseretal.2010,
  author    = {Deimann, Pia and Kastner-Koller, Ursula and Esser, G{\"u}nter and H{\"a}nsch, Sylvana},
  title     = {FRAKIS Fragebogen zur fr{\"u}hkindlichen Sprachentwicklung : FRAKIS (Standardform) und FRAKIS-K (Kurzform)},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BuchmannKopfWestphaletal.2010,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Kopf, Daniel and Westphal, Sabine and Lederbogen, Florian and Banaschewski, Tobias and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred and Deuschle, Michael},
  title     = {Impact of early parental child-rearing behavior on young adults' cardiometabolic risk profile : a prospective study},
  issn      = {0033-3174},
  doi       = {10.1097/Psy.0b013e3181c88343},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objective: To examine prospectively whether early parental child-rearing behavior is a predictor of cardiometabolic outcome in young adulthood when other potential risk factors are controlled. Metabolic factors associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease have been found to vary, depending on lifestyle as well as genetic predisposition. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that environmental conditions, such as stress in pre- and postnatal life, may have a sustained impact on an individual's metabolic risk profile. Methods: Participants were drawn from a prospective, epidemiological, cohort study followed up from birth into young adulthood. Parent interviews and behavioral observations at the age of 3 months were conducted to assess child-rearing practices and mother-infant interaction in the home setting and in the laboratory. In 279 participants, anthropometric characteristics, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides were recorded at age 19 years. In addition, structured interviews were administered to the young adults to assess indicators of current lifestyle and education. Results: Adverse early-life interaction experiences were significantly associated with lower levels of high- density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 in young adulthood. Current lifestyle variables and level of education did not account for this effect, although habitual smoking and alcohol consumption also contributed significantly to cardiometabolic outcomes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that early parental child-rearing behavior may predict health outcome in later life through its impact on metabolic parameters in adulthood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannSchmidBlomeyeretal.2010,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Mann, Karl F. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Drinking against unpleasant emotions : possible outcome of early onset of alcohol use?},
  issn      = {0145-6008},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01180.x},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent animal and human studies indicate that the exposure to alcohol during early adolescence increases the risk for heavy alcohol use in response to stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this effect may be the consequence of a higher susceptibility to develop "drinking to cope" motives among early initiators. Methods: Data from 320 participants were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study. Structured interviews at age 15 and 19 were used to assess age at first alcohol experience and drunkenness. The young adults completed questionnaires to obtain information about the occurrence of stressful life events during the past 4 years and current drinking habits. In addition, alcohol use under conditions of negative states was assessed with the Inventory of Drinking Situations. Results: The probability of young adults' alcohol use in situations characterized by unpleasant emotions was significantly increased the earlier they had initiated the use of alcohol, even when controlling for current drinking habits and stressful life events. Similar results were obtained for the age at first drunkenness. Conclusions: The findings strengthen the hypothesis that alcohol experiences during early adolescence facilitate drinking to regulate negative affect as an adverse coping strategy which may represent the starting point of a vicious circle comprising drinking to relieve stress and increased stress as a consequence of drinking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BeckerBlomeyerElFaddaghetal.2010,
  author    = {Becker, Katja and Blomeyer, Dorothea and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {From regulatory problems in infancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood : a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene?},
  issn      = {0022-3476},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.005},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {To examine whether the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) exon III VNTR moderates the risk of infants with regulatory disorders for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk for later psychopathology, 300 participants were assessed for regulatory problems in infancy, DRD4 genotype, and ADHD symptoms and diagnoses from childhood to adolescence. To examine a potential moderating effect on ADHD measures, linear and logistic regressions were computed. Models were fit for the main effects of the DRD4 genotype (presence or absence of the 7r allele) and regulatory problems (presence or absence), with the addition of the interaction term. All models were controlled for sex, family adversity, and obstetric risk status. In children without the DRD4-7r allele, a history of regulatory problems in infancy was unrelated to later ADHD. But in children with regulatory problems in infancy, the additional presence of the DRD4-7r allele increased the risk for ADHD in childhood. The DRD4 genotype seems to moderate the association between regulatory problems in infancy and later ADHD. A replication study is needed before further conclusions can be drawn, however.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2010,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Early predictors of antisocial developmental pathways among boys and girls},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Objective: We investigated in a high-risk sample the differential impact of biological and psychosocial risk factors on antisocial behaviour pathways. Method: One hundred and thirty-eight boys and 155 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were examined from birth until adolescence. Childhood temperament was assessed by a highly-structured parent-interview and standardized behavioural observations, adolescent temperament was measured by self-report. Neurodevelopmental variables were assessed by age-specific developmental tests. Emotional and behaviour problems were measured at the ages of 8 and 15 by the Achenbach scales. Results: In both genders, psychosocial adversity and early self-control temperament were strongly associated with early-onset persistent (EOP) antisocial behaviour. Psychosocial adversity and more severe externalizing problems differentiated the EOP from childhood-limited (CL) pathway. In girls, adolescent-onset (AO) antisocial behaviour was strongly associated with novelty seeking at 15 years. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the need for early support and intervention in psychosocially disadvantaged families.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Vorhersage von Umschriebenen Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen der schulischen Fertigkeiten mithilfe von Vorschultests: Prognostische Validit{\"a}t der BUEVA-II},
  isbn      = {978-3- 8017-2294-4},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{DaigMahlbergSchroederetal.2010,
  author    = {Daig, Isolde and Mahlberg, Richard and Schroeder, Franziska and Gudlowski, Yehonala and Wrase, Jana and Wertenauer, Florian and Bschor, Tom and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Heinz, Andreas and Kienast, Thorsten},
  title     = {Low effective organizational strategies in visual memory performance of unmedicated alcoholics during early abstinence},
  issn      = {1860 - 5214},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrentzEsser2009,
  author    = {Krentz, Eva Maria and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Muth-Seidel, D., Petermann, F., Training f{\"u}r Kinder mit r{\"a}umlich-konstruktiven St{\"o}rungen; G{\"o}ttingen, Hogrefe, 2008},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443.38.2.146},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2009,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {9788-3-642-01476-5},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2009,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Becker, Katja and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Interaction between the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism and environmental adversity for mood and anxiety psychopathology : evidence from a high-risk community sample of young adults},
  issn      = {1461-1457},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1461145708009875},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Previous research examining gene-environment interaction (G x E) with regard to vulnerability to depression and anxiety has yielded conflicting results. The present study was designed to further investigate G x F between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to environmental adversity, using different phenotypic and genotypic characterizations as well as different types of adversity within a prospective study design. Data were available from an ongoing epidemiological cohort Study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth to adulthood. At age 19 yr, 309 participants (142 males, 167 females) were characterized on measures of depression and anxiety through interview and questionnaire (DSM-IV diagnosis, Beck Depression Inventory, Harm Avoidance). Environmental adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity), and at age 19 yr (stressful life events). Bi- and tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA. Results indicated that depression and anxiety in 19-yr-olds were strongly associated with both family adversity and stressful life events. Individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR who were exposed to high family adversity displayed significantly higher rates of depressive or anxiety disorders and had more depressive symptoms than those without either condition. This G x E replicates recent findings from an epidemiological cohort study of adolescents but is in contrast to many previous reports suggesting an interaction with the S allele. No evidence for G x E was obtained with regard to current stressful life events and trait anxiety. One possible source for the conflicting findings might be attributed to heterogeneity in depression phenotypes and environmental adversity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtTreutleinSchmidetal.2009,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Impact of psychosocial adversity on alcohol intake in young adults : moderation by the LL genotype of the serotonin transporter polymorphism},
  issn      = {0006-3223},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.010},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Background: Evidence from animal studies supports a role for serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) gene-environment interaction (G X E) in the development of excessive alcohol intake. Few studies in humans have been conducted on this topic, yielding inconsistent results. The present study aims to further explore G x E between 5-HTTLPR and exposure to psychosocial adversity on alcohol consumption in a high-risk community sample of young adults. Methods: Data were collected as part of the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into young adulthood. At age 19 years, 309 participants (142 male participants, 167 female participants) were genotyped for the biallelic and triallelic 5-HTTLPR and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview, providing measures of the total number of drinks and the number of binge drinking days. Psychosocial adversity was assessed at birth (family adversity) and at age 19 (negative life events). Results: In contrast to various previous reports, a significant G x E emerged, indicating that, when exposed to high psychosocial adversity, individuals with the LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR exhibited more hazardous drinking than those carrying the S allele or those without exposure to adversity. This effect, which was confined to male participants, held both for different classifications of 5-HTTLPR and different types of adversity. Conclusions: One explanation for the discrepant results might be heterogeneity in alcohol phenotypes. While the L allele relates more strongly to early-onset alcoholism, the S allele may be linked more closely to alcohol use associated with anxiety and depression.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserBakhshayeshDruegeetal.2009,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza and Dr{\"u}ge, Sebastian and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Wirksamkeit von Neuro- und EMG-Feedback bei Kindern mit ADHS : eine Follow-up-Studie},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FichterKohlboeckQuadfliegetal.2009,
  author    = {Fichter, Manfred M. and Kohlboeck, Gabriele and Quadflieg, Norbert and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {From childhood to adult age : 18-year longitudinal results and prediction of the course of mental disorders in the community},
  issn      = {0933-7954},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00127-009-0501-y},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {This prospective longitudinal study of a representative community sample of children and adolescents (N = 269) examined the long-term course and predictive power of psychiatric symptoms in childhood/adolescence for diagnostic outcome (ICD-10) 18 years later at adult age. At both cross-sectional assessments, baseline (1980-1984) and the 18-year follow-up (2001-2004), psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the 'Standardized Psychiatric Interview' (Goldberg et al. in Br J Prev Soc Med 24:18-23, 1970). At follow-up, study participants were reassessed with the standardized M-CIDI (Wittchen and Pfister in Manual und Durchfuhrungsbeschreibung des DIA-X-M-CIDI, Swets and Zeitlinger, Frankfurt, 1997) interview. The participation rate at 18-year follow-up was 82\% of those alive. The frequency of clinically relevant depressive symptoms and symptoms of anxiety or phobia was considerably higher when the participants were younger (baseline assessment at childhood, adolescent age) as compared to their scores in adult age. Increased levels of somatic symptoms, fatigue, irritability, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety and worry as well as phobic symptoms in childhood/adolescence were related to a higher risk of suffering from a psychiatric disorder in adulthood. Depressive symptoms predicted both mood disorders and substance use disorders in adulthood. Phobias predicted later anxiety disorders. These data spanning almost two decades add significant information to the existing literature on the course of mental disorders in the community during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmannBeckerFellingeretal.2009,
  author    = {Hohmann, Sarah and Becker, Katja and Fellinger, Johannes and Banaschewski, Tobias and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Evidence for epistasis between the 5-HTTLPR and the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphisms in externalizing behavior among 15-year-olds},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-009-0290-1},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The present study aimed to clarify the functional role of genes in the dopamine and serotonin systems by examining whether polymorphisms in these genes are related to adolescent externalizing behavior either alone or in interaction with each other. Participants were selected from an ongoing prospective study of the outcome of early risk factors. At age 15 years, 298 adolescents (144 males, 154 females) completed the Youth Self Report, 296 primary caregivers the Child Behavior Checklist and 253 teachers the Teacher Report Form. DNA was genotyped for the DRD4 exon III VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results revealed that individuals with the DRD4 7r allele reported significantly more externalizing behavior than carriers of other variants. In addition, a significant interaction emerged, indicating that adolescents carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR short allele and the DRD4 7r variant scored highest on aggressive and/or delinquent behavior compared to other genotypes. This result suggests an effect of 5-HTTLPR on externalizing behavior in the presence of DRD4 7r but no effect in its absence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.2009,
  author    = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara},
  title     = {Die Bedeutung psychischer und famili{\"a}rer Faktoren f{\"u}r die Delinquenzentwicklung bis ins Erwachsenenalter},
  issn      = {0026-9301},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Es werden Befunde aus einer prospektiven Laengsschnittstudie praesentiert, in der 321 Probanden im Alter von 8, 13, 18 und 25 Jahren untersucht werden konnten; ihre Dunkelfelddelinquenz wurde mit 18 und 25 Jahren erfasst. Wir suchten nach Assoziationen zur Delinquenzentwicklung und erwarteten Unterschiede zwischen auf das Jugendalter beschraenkter gegenueber ins fruehe Erwachsenenalter fortgesetzter sowie spaet, d.h. nach dem Alter von 18 Jahren, beginnender Delinquenz. Wir fanden gemeinsame Risikofaktoren und fuer die drei Verlaufstypen spezifische Risikokonstellationen, die eher im Jugendalter als in der Kindheit identifiziert wurden. Widrige familiaere Bedingungen, Entwicklungsverzoegerungen und psychische Stoerungen scheinen mit Delinquenz als eher persistentem Verhalten assoziiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2009,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Temperamental predictors of externalizing problems among boys and girls : a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample from ages 3 months to 15 years},
  issn      = {0940-1334},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00406-009-0009-1},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In a high-risk community sample, we examined the role of regulative temperament and emotionality as well as the extent of gender specificity in the development of externalizing problems. 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were followed from birth into adolescence. In infancy and childhood, NYLS- derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, externalizing problems were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. As revealed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression, low regulative abilities predicted adolescent behavioral and attentional problems over and above obstetric and psychosocial risks. Gender specificity was found in the strength of the association rather than in the kind with a stronger long-term prediction from infant and toddler temperament in girls. Compared to regulative abilities, temperament factors describing aspects of mood and fear/withdrawal versus approach tendencies played a minor role in the development of externalizing problems. Findings are discussed in terms of gender-specific risk factors and possible differential developmental trajectories to subtypes of disruptive behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidBlomeyerBeckeretal.2009,
  author    = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two DAT1 polymorphisms and different initiation ages with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption levels and dependence. Two hundred and ninety-one young adults (135 males, 156 females) participating in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were genotyped for the 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and rs27072 polymorphisms of DAT1. Age at initiation was assessed at age 15 and 19 years. Information about current alcohol and tobacco consumption was obtained at age 19 years using self-report measures and structured interviews. Results suggest that age at onset of intensive consumption moderated the association of the DAT1 gene with early adult substance use and dependence, revealing a DAT1 effect only among individuals homozygous for the 10r allele of the 40-bp VNTR who had started daily smoking or being intoxicated early in life. Equally, carriers of the T allele of the rs27072 polymorphism reporting an early age at first intoxication showed higher current alcohol consumption at age 19 years. In contrast, no interaction between rs27072 and the age at first cigarette with regard to later smoking was observed. These findings provide evidence that the DAT1 gene interacts with an early heavy or regular drug exposure of the maturing adolescent brain to predict substance (ab)use in young adulthood. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Sind Rechenst{\"o}rungen genau so h{\"a}ufig wie Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen?},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917.37.6.499},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Is a specific disorder of arithmetic skills as common as reading/spelling disorder?Background: Referring to the prevalence rates of learning disorders in the research literature, the numbers of mathematics disorder and reading/ spelling disorder are often reported to be identical. However, the correlation between intelligence level and reading/ spelling skills is much weaker than between intelligence and arithmetic skills. If the same definition criterion is applied to both disorders, a lower prevalence rate for mathematics disorder should be expected. Objective: Are there differences in the prevalence estimates for learning disorders depending on the definition criterion? Method: A large representative sample of German students (N = 1970) was used to review the hypothesis. Results: Depending on the definition criterion, we could show a prevalence range of mathematics disorder between 0.1\% and 8.1\% in the same sample. Using the same definition criterion for both learning disorders, there are two to three times as many students with reading/spelling disorder than those with mathematics disorder. Discussion: Whenever children with reading/spelling disorder are compared to children with mathematics disorder, the same definition criterion has to be applied.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StraubHaenschBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Straub, Hans-Beatus and Haensch, Sylvana and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {The Brandenburg questionnaire for quality of life in epilepsy patients : a new, short and valid instrument},
  issn      = {0013-9580},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02156.x},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannSchmidBlomeyeretal.2009,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Schumann, Gunter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Impact of age at first drink on vulnerability to alcohol-related problems : testing the marker hypothesis in a prospective study of young adults},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.02.006},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {There is ample evidence that the early initiation of alcohol use is a risk factor for the development of later alcohol-related problems. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether this association can be explained by indicators of a common underlying susceptibility or whether age at drinking onset may be considered as an independent predictor of later drinking behavior, suggesting a potential causal relationship. Participants were drawn from a prospective cohort study of the long-term outcomes of early risk factors followed up from birth onwards. Structured interviews were administered to 304 participants to assess age at first drink and current drinking behavior. Data on risk factors, including early family adversity, parental alcohol use, childhood psychopathology and stressful life events, were repeatedly collected during childhood using standardized parent interviews. In addition, information on genotype was considered. Results confirmed previous work demonstrating that hazardous alcohol consumption is related to early-adolescent drinking onset. A younger age of first drink was significantly predicted by 5-HTTLPR genotype and the degree of preceding externalizing symptoms, and both factors were related to increased consumption or harmful alcohol use at age 19. However, even after controlling for these potential explanatory factors, earlier age at drinking onset remained a strong predictor of heavy alcohol consumption in young adulthood. The present longitudinal study adds to the current literature indicating that the early onset - adult hazardous drinking association cannot solely be attributed to shared genetic and psychopathologic risk factors as examined in this study.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IhleLehmannEsser2008,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Lehmann, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Legale und illegale Substanzen im Jugendalter : Konsum, problematischer Gebrauch, risikoerh{\"o}hende und risikomindernde Faktoren bei 14- bis 15-J{\"a}hrigen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.5},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Use and misuse, age of first substance use, and prevalence of problematic use of legal (alcohol, nicotine) and illegal (cannabis etc.) drugs in adolescence were analyzed. The risk and protective factors for substance misuse were investigated. A representative sample of 246 14-15 year-olds were examined (20\% of the population of a defined German region, cross-sectional design, self-rating inventory). Prevalence rates for problematic use were 19.9\% for alcohol, 48\% for nicotine, and 16.7\% for illegal drugs. Mean age of first substance use was age 12 for legal drugs and age 14 for illegal drugs. 4,9\% of the adolescents showed concurrent problematic use of nicotine, alcohol, and illegal drugs (male- female ratio: 5,2:1). Problematic substance use could be predicted best by a combination of risk factors (school failure, low level for availability of illegal drugs in the neighbourhood) and protective factors (participating a lot of sport, positive family climate). Suggestions for universal, selective, and indicated preventive interventions were derived.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Fragebogen zur Erfassung psychischer Auff{\"a}lligkeiten},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Fragebogenverfahren haben in einer multimethodalen Diagnostik ihren festen Platz, obwohl ihre Grenzen stets beachtet werden muessen. Fragebogenverfahren stellen im diagnostischen Prozess eine einfache und oekonomische Variante der standardisierten Datenerhebung dar (Fombonne 1991). Mit ihrer Hilfe koennen kostenguenstig parallel Informationen zu identischen Problembereichen von verschiedenen Informanten (Lehrern, Eltern, Jugendlichen) eingeholt werden (Esser u. Wyschkon 2004). Ein isolierter Einsatz von Fragebogenverfahren birgt jedoch stets die Gefahr grober Fehler (Fisseni 1991, Merten 1999), somit sind individuelle Diagnosen, die allein auf Fragebogenverfahren beruhen, als im hohen Maße unzuverlaessig einzustufen (Esser et al. 2006). Als Vorauswahlverfahren sind Fragebogenverfahren dagegen durchaus nuetzlich (Merten 1999). Ihr Vorteil fuer Forschung und Praxis ist, dass sie "... leicht kommunizierbare, replizierbare, mathematisch zu verarbeitende Ergebnisse liefern" (S. 160). Mit Hilfe von Fragebogenverfahren kann z.B. oekonomisch erfasst werden, ob ueberhaupt eine psychische Stoerung vorliegt, die dann genauer untersucht werden kann (Poustka 1988). Fragebogenverfahren ergaenzen somit Interviewverfahren und machen deren Einsatz wirkungsvoller. Die klinische Diagnostik hat daher großen Bedarf an validierten Fragebogenverfahren, deren Zahl sich in den letzten 10 Jahren deutlich vergroeßert hat.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltensdiagnostik},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Unter Verhaltensdiagnostik versteht man ein Buendel diagnostischer Instrumente, die darauf abzielen, die aenderungsmoeglichkeiten von Problemverhalten zu eruieren. Verhaltensdiagnostik ist das klassische diagnostische Vorgehen der Verhaltenstherapie. Ausgehend von einer Analyse des Problemverhaltens und der Bedingungen seines Auftretens werden durch verschiedene Techniken Hinweise zu seiner Genese und seiner Aufrechterhaltung erwartet. Vertreter der Verhaltensdiagnostik sehen sie als Alternative und im Gegensatz zur klassischen Eigenschaftsdiagnostik (Reinecker-Hecht \& Baumann, 1998), zu der die Ergebnisse aus psychologischen Testverfahren zur Erfassung von Intelligenzleistungen und Persoenlichkeitsmerkmalen ebenso zaehlen wie die Diagnostischen Klassifikationssysteme (z.B. ICD-10 oder DSM- IV){\`a}.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleBoehmEsser2008,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and B{\"o}hm, Andreas and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Epidemiologie des Alkoholkonsums im Jugendalter : Ergebnisse repr{\"a}sentativer Bev{\"o}lkerungsstudien},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsser2008,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Epidemiologie psychischer St{\"o}rungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters},
  isbn      = {978-3-8017-1707-0},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Projektive Testverfahren},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Projektive Testverfahren folgen der Grundannahme, dass ein moeglichst vieldeutiges Testmaterial nach der Theorie der sozialen Wahrnehmung dazu fuehrt, dass die Persoenlichkeit des Probanden zum wichtigsten Faktor seines Testverhaltens wird. Projektive Testverfahren erfuellen im allgemeinen die Guetekriterien der klinischen Testtheorie nicht. Sie sind daher allenfalls als explorative Techniken vertretbar. Der Familie - in - Tieren Test soll Rueckschluesse auf die Familienstruktur aus der Sicht des Kindes geben. Einblicke in die Erlebniswelt des Kindes verspricht der Thematische Apperzeptionstest nach Murray. Auf die Familienbeziehungen zentriert ist der Familien- Beziehungs-Test von Howells und Lickorisch. Die Reaktionen der Versuchspersonen in frustrierenden Belastungssituationen versucht das einzige normierte projektive Testverfahren, der Rosenzweig Picture - Frustration - Test, zu objektivieren. Der Scenotest hat zum Ziel mit standardisiertem Spielmaterial Einblicke in die Erlebniswelt des Kindes zu gewinnen, die sich der direkten Befragung verschließen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtSkowronekBeckeretal.2008,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Skowronek, Markus H. and Becker, Katja and Schulze, Thomas G. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Rietschel, Marcella},
  title     = {Environmental risk factors and attention-deficit : hyperactivity discorder symptoms ; reply},
  issn      = {0003-990X},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {978-3- 13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LangeEsser2008,
  author    = {Lange, Sabine and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Ausbildung zum Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapeuten},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleFrenzelEsser2008,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Frenzel, Tom and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Entwicklungspsychopathologie und Entwicklungsepidemiologie},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserIhle2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von legalen und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HohmBlomeyerEsseretal.2008,
  author    = {Hohm, E. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Jugendliche, die fr{\"u}hzeitig rauchen und trinken - eine Risikogruppe?},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BeckerElFaddaghSchmidtetal.2008,
  author    = {Becker, Katja and El-Faddagh, Mahha and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms},
  issn      = {0022-3476},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Objective To demonstrate that children homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphism who were exposed to maternal prenatal smoke exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than children without these environmental or genetic risks. Study design We performed a prospective longitudinal study from birth into early adulthood monitoring the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Maternal prenatal smoking was determined during a standardized interview with the mother when the child was 3 months old. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents participated in genotyping for the DAT1 40 base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and assessment of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder symptoms with die Kiddie- Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Results There was no bivariate association between DAT1 genotype, prenatal smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, a significant interaction between DAT1 genotype and prenatal smoke exposure emerged (P =.012), indicating that males with prenatal smoke exposure who were homozygous for the DAT1 10r allele had higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than males from all other groups. In females, no significant main effects of DAT1 genotype or prenatal smoke exposure or interaction effects on any symptoms were evident (all P >.25). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the multifactorial nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of studying both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserMattejat2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Mattejat, Fritz},
  title     = {Evidenzbasierte Pr{\"a}vention und Therapie psychischer St{\"o}rungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters},
  isbn      = {978-3-940793-34-8},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkonSchmidtetal.2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne and Schmidt, Martin H. and Blanz, Bernhard and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Ein Entwicklungsmodell des Substanzmissbrauchs im fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.31},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}